WiFi

1G, 2G, 3G, 4G (LTE), 5G

1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G represent the five generations of mobile networks where G stands for 'Generation' and the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 represent the generation number. Since the early 1980s, almost every ten years, we have seen a new generation of mobile networks. The speed increases with each: 3G: Max Internet Speed ~42 Mbps 4G: 1 Gbps 5G: 10 Gbps

Triband routers third band

5.8 GHz

802.11ac theoretical max speed / actual

6.9 Gbps / 1.3 Gbps

5 GHz band

A WIFI channel that is less congested than 2.4GHz (less devices share this channel), which means you will likely get more stable connections. You'll also see higher speeds. On the other hand, the shorter waves used by the 5 GHz band makes it less able to penetrate walls and solid objects. It's also got a shorter effective range than the 2.4 GHz band.

2.4 GHz band

A WIFI channel that offers a wide coverage area and is better at penetrating solid objects with a maximum speed of 150 Mbps (theoretical 300 Mbps) On the other hand, it has a lower data range and is highly prone to interference and disturbance.

Mobile network (Cellular network)

A communication network where the link to and from end nodes is wireless The network is distributed over land areas called cells Each cell is served by at least one transceiver (typically 3 cell sites/towers/base stations; or a base transceiver station (BTS)) A cell typically uses a different set of frequencies from neighboring cells to avoid interference and to guarantee qos for each cell

Multiple input, Multiple output

A method that allows devices to transmit and receive more at the same time by using multiple antennae

Wifi Direct

A technology that enables Wifi devices to connect directly by creating their own Wifi networks without an Internet connection (even with no access to WIFI networks)

AC 1750 What does this mean?

AC = 802.11 ac 1750 = Mbps Max: 450 Mbps (2.4 band) 1300 Mbps (5 band)

WIFI vs Cellular

CELLULAR: Offered by Mobile Carriers (AT&T, Verizon, US Cellular) Covers large areas (eg cities) A radio network distributed over land areas (cells) which each include a transceiver (base station) Together these cells provide radio (cellular) coverage over large geographical areas Data (transmission of data via a cellular carrier) is usually limited WIFI Set up by user (hotspot, dongle) or through an ISP Small geographical areas (buildings, homes) Radio waves from router which connects through DSL, Cable or Fiber to ISP Data transmitted by wifi is unlimited 2.4 GHZ, 5 GHz frequencies

Wifi Direct vs Hotspot

Direct: p2p 2 or more devices in close proximity may connect to share resources both clients no AP required Hotspot: central host broadcasts an SSID for clients (all traffic passes through host) requires data

CDMA, GSM

GSM: describe the protocols for (2G, 3G) cellular networks used by mobile phones CDMA: protocols used in second-generation (2G) and third-generation (3G) wireless communications. A

Generation/Transmission of radio waves is regulated by

National Laws (ITU) (RR)

Radio frequency

RF 30 Hz - 300 GHz on EM Spectrum Telecommunication

SU MIMO vs MU MUMO?

SU-MIMO allows only a pair of wireless devices to simultaneously send or receive multiple data streams. While MU-MIMO allows multiple wireless devices to simultaneously receive the multiple data streams.

Channels

Smaller bands within WIFI frequency bands,used by the network to send and receive data Channel 11 = 2.4 GHz Channel 45 = 5 GHz

Cell site/Tower/Base Station

Stations that create cells: provide cells with the network coverage which can be used for transmission of voice, data, and other content. a cellular-enabled mobile device site where antennas and electronic communications equipment are placed—typically on a radio mast, tower, or other raised structure—to create a cell (or adjacent cells) in a cellular network.

802.11

The IEEE standard for wireless networking.

Dual Band

The capability of a communications device, such as a router, to use two communications frequencies (2.4GHz, 5GHz)

802.11n features

Wifi 4 Dual Band 1st MIMO Support (SU MIMO) Frame Aggregation Max speed 450 Mbps (with 3 antennae)

802.11ad

Wigig

Base Transceiver Station

a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets) Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the wireless communication standards, it is generally associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and CDMA (In Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks, the correct term for cell sites is Base Transceiver Station (BTS))

Frequency bands

a range of frequencies, say all frequencies between 500-2000 Hertz. The larger the frequency band the closer the ear gets to perceiving a noise signal such as white noise

802.11ax

an IEEE standard for wireless local-area networks (WLANs) and the successor of 802.11ac. It is marketed as Wi-Fi 6 802.11ax theoretical maximum of 14Gbps

When joined together, cells provide radio coverage over a large area, which enables...

enables numerous portable transceivers (mobile phones, tablets, laptops) to communicate with each other

Band

specific range of frequencies