World History CA5

Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire made up the ____________ Powers.

Central powers.

How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany for its role in World War I?

Germany faced many harsh punishments with the Treaty of Versailles. France especially was determined to make Germany suffer. Germany was forced to pay billions of dollars in war reparations which bankrupted the economy, while simultaneously being crippled by the Great Depression. They were forced to reduce the size of their military and were not allowed to have planes, submarines, gas, and other artillery. Germany was humiliated in front of the world by having to take full blame for WWI. Their leader, Kaiser Wilhem, was tried as a war criminal and exiled from the country. Germany was forced to give up land in Europe, as well as, colonies around the world. The Rhineland was also being controlled by the Allies. All of these events caused the German people to be desperate for any solution to the trauma they were facing.

____________ and _____________ organize a revolution against the tsar of Russia.

Lenin and Stalin

Which countries used this policy?

This policy was used by the former Allied powers of WWI, especially Britain and France. An example of this was Anschluss, the unification of Germany and Austria. Loyal Austrian Nazis had also not been receiving access to political positions in Austria, so Hitler's threatened the Austrian government with violence. Austria's government wanted to put the Anschluss idea to a vote, but Hitler did not want a vote therefore he sent troops to force unification. No other countries intervened to prevent this from happening.

Who is not invited to discuss the treaty talks at Versailles?

Germany

Who created the tank?

- General Patton and the US Army saw the extreme importance of tanks and emphasized the need to build more throughout the war. - Was originally a machine gun put in the back of a jeep to chance terrorist on horses.

What are some examples of developments in military technology during WWI?

- Tanks - Machine Guns that could fire 600 bullets a minute were created during this time. - New versions of cannons were made, such as Big Bertha, invented by Germany, which could fire shells up to 120 ft. Submarines also became more sophisticated with the use of torpedoes, mines, and deck guns - blimps were used to spy - Submarines were a great resource for the Navy - Poison gas grenades of tear gas, mustard gas, and chlorine gas were all used to suffocate their victims.

What are the A stand for in the four main causes of world war 1

Alliances are agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another. European powers formed rival alliances to protect themselves due to the paranoia from the building up of militaries.

What is appeasement?

Appeasement was a policy used regarding Hitler consistently breaking the requirements set forth in the Treaty of Versailles. It's the policy of giving into demands of an aggressor to keep the peace. The other countries hoped that by giving Hitler the one thing he was currently focused on that he would then be satisfied and stop breaking any further aspects of the treaty. This policy did not work.

Who was assassinated that caused the start of World War I?

Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Where did Japan imperialize?

Due to proximity, Japan focused on expanding in the Pacific. The first two places they invaded were Manchuria and China. In China, the Japanese raped thousands of Chinese women in an attempt to impregnant them and create more Japanese citizens. They also killed 300,000 Chinese people in what was known as the "Rape of Nanjing".

Why was Fascism appealing to some?

Fascism became appealing to some as the democratic government failures caused people to feel disillusioned and unhappy. The peasants were desperate for land reforms and the working classes led strikes in the cities. Fascism promoted nationalism. People could gather behind the ideas that the success of the nation is more important than an individual. In Italy especially, they supported the idea that they were protecting themselves from communism.

What caused Fascism to take over some European countries in the 1920s and 1930s?

Fascist propaganda appealed to the emotional response of the people. They were angry by the treatment at the Treaty of Versailles and the effects of the Great Depression. Italy lost 500,000 men in WWI with no gained territory that was promised by the government and Germany was humiliated by taking blame for all of WWI. Fascists blamed the current weak governments on these conditions and offered the people hope. The leaders promised to revive the glory, economy and power of the nation if people give up political and civil rights.

How was Hitler able to maintain power?

Hitler consolidates his power by eliminating all political parties and removing "unacceptable" members of government. He kept Nazi influence everywhere by merging labor unions with Nazi labor. He also took control of schools and allowed only Nazi ideas to be taught. He also focused his propaganda on children to teach them young. The program he developed was called Hitler Youth. He also created concentration camps to hold enemies of the state.

Why was Adolf Hitler able to rise to power in Germany?

Hitler used a group known as the SS whose job was to intimidate those who they saw as enemies. He then first focused his attention on gaining seats in the Reichstag. Once elected he chancellor persecuted Communists and demanded the limiting of civil rights, allowing him to rule as a dictator. He also used propaganda to persuade people in blaming the problems they were facing on the Weimar Republic to gain their support against the current government.

What happened at the Munich Conference in 1938?

Hitler wanted to unify all German-speaking people which included Czechoslovakia. The Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia is also a key strategic territory as it was a previously militarized zone from WWI. The Czechs did not want to be incorporated into Germany. France initially threatened to fight Germany if Hitler did not back down. Then in 1938, Germany, France, Britain, and Italy met in Munich, Germany and agreed to allow Germany to take Czechoslovakia without any interference in an effort to avoid war.

What are the I stand for in the four main causes of world war 1

Imperialism is when one country takes over another country politically and economically. Virtually all the major powers were engaged in a scramble for global empires to boost their economies. The colonies could be seen as further competition and as bargaining chips in the creation of alliances. It also made countries dislike each other as they competed over obtaining the same areas.

What country is invited, but it is ignored and alienated during the Versailles peace talks?

Japan

Why was Japan busy imperializing during the interwar years?

Japan is a small series of islands and does not have the most fertile soil. Due to this, they do not have a ton of natural resources and heavily rely on trading. After WWI, they had hoped to gain more land to help expand their empire. The other Allied countries however ignored the Japanese at the Paris Peace Conference. They used the interwar years as a time to expand their territory.

What are the M stand for in the four main causes of world war 1

Militarism is in regards to European powers competing in building their militaries. Germany had become a strong military power. They were uniting their land and taking over areas in France. Britain was concerned that Germany would become strong enough to take over all of Europe, so Britain began competing with them in the arms race.

How did Italy fall under Benito Mussolini's rule?

Mussolini used the Black Shirts to intimidate opponents and use violence to force many Socialists out of local governments. The Italian government was afraid of a Socialist takeovers and did not take any action against the Fascist Party. Outside support for the Fascists in the army and in the court of the king caused Mussolini to send the Black Shirts to march on Rome in October 1922. The government resigned and the king asked him to become premier to avoid a civil war.

How is mustard gas different from previous gas?

Mustard gas is a deadly new form of warfare. It attacks the respiratory system and the skin. It creates mustard colored blisters and blinds people. It is also incredibly painful. It was small and most people didn't realize they had it.

What are the N stand for in the four main causes of world war 1

Nationalism was forming, particularly in the Baltic states. These people shared a language and common history and wanted the right of self-determination, breaking away from the large empires.

What are some of the similarities between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy?

Nazi Germany had Brown Shirts as their violent initimadation group while Italy had the Black Shirts. Both Mussolini and Hitler conducted a march on their capital in an attempt to gain power. Both were angry at the Treaty of Versailles and blamed the demonstrative nations for creating it.

The German Workers' Party evolved into the National Socialist Party or the ___________ Party.

Nazis Party.

The area between trenches is called what?

No man's land.

What are some of the things that Mussolini did while governing Italy?

Once in power, Mussolini slowly turned Italy totalitarian. At first, he was promised full government powers for a year while presiding over a government made up of various political parties; during this time he put Fascists into power all around him. He forced all non-Fascists out of government. He censored the press and banned trade unions.

The radio and newpaper

Over 80 billion dollars

What was Russia's role in World War ?

Russia initially fought as part of the Allied powers after quickly coming to the aid of Serbia when Austria-Hungary declared war. Many Russians however felt repressed by their leader Czar Nicholas II. This was especially so, as the Russian soldiers were dying in such large numbers due to a lack of military supplies and food shortages. In March 1917, a Russian Revolution occurred under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks. Russia becomes Communist and known as the Soviet Union. They signed an armistice (peace agreement) with Germany. This closes the Eastern front and gives hope to the Germans for victory.

Why did this cause the world war

Serbia wanted to unite all Slavs and were angry when Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia from the Ottoman Empire, showing no intentions of allowing them independence. As a result, the Serbian officials did nothing to interfere when they heard rumor of a planned assassination attempt on Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Bosnian rebel.

What are some of the characteristics of trench warfare?

Soldiers dug deep trenches into the ground and attempted to protect themselves with barbed wire and machine guns. Inside the trenches, men lived in mud, suffered the lack of food, and were killed or wounded by exploding bombs. This was predominately used along the Western Front between Germany and France. Little progress was made, often resulting in a stalemate.

Winston Churchill launches the largest amphibious assault ever at the Straits of _____________?

Straits of Gallipoli.

What was the Gestapo and why did Hitler use it?

The Gestapo were a secret police created by Hitler to hunt down enemies of the state. They were used as a way for him to maintain power by eliminating any opposition. They forced people into camps and fear tactics forced support.

How did an economic depression in Europe affect people's daily lives and various countries?

The Great Depression put Europe into a traumatic and desperate time. People were unable to pay their utility bills and mortgages. There was high unemployment and people were unable to buy enough food. Germany was unable to pay their war reparations. Just the first payment alone caused them to go bankrupt. Britain and France were unable to pay their WWI loans back to the United States. At the same time, these European countries were still trying to rebuild after cities had been destroyed during WWI. This made for desperate times.

What is the League of Nations?

The League of Nations is an Intergovernmental organization established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to maintain world peace. It had 58 members at its strongest point. The United States was not a member, despite Woodrow Wilson's support of the idea. The US Congress wanted to remain isolationist and was concerned about being pulled into European wars. The League of Nations was also not recognizing the Monroe Doctrine. While the League of Nations was not strong enough to prevent a second world war, it did provide the blueprint for the United Nations.

Why did the Weimar Republic end in Germany?

The Weimar Republic was the government in place after WWI. They were dealing with the crippling effects of the Treaty of Versailles and having to pay back billions of dollars in war reparations. The US tries to help the German Weimar Republic with reparations by giving them loans and making investments in the German economy, but after the US gets hit by the Great Depression, they are unable to help Germany financially and the Weimar Republic quickly begins to fail in the eyes of its people. Hitler uses these events to cast blame and fuel people's anger towards the Weimar Repbulic.

What are some beliefs held by Fascist leaders?

The leaders denounced democracy as inefficient. They believed too many political parties meant they couldn't agree on anything. They saw pacifism as cowardly. They believed that communism was suppressive, limiting the success of the nation. They emphasized discipline, sacrifice, nationalism, and militarism. They wanted to return to the former glory of the empire.

Mussolini uses what two mediums (or methods) to push his anti-government message?

The radio and newpaper

Why did some countries use this policy?

The reason they used this policy is because they did not want to start another war so soon after WWI. These countries were still rebuilding war-torn areas from the previous war. The Great Depression was also occurring and Britain and France thought it was more important to focus on their own problems at this time. In addition, some people began to realize the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh on Germany.

Who declared war due to the death of the Archduke?

When the assassination was successful, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

Hilter manifesto is titled _____________ ____________, or "My Struggle."

mein kampf

In prison, Hitler writes a manifesto outlining his goal of _________ _______________

world domination