World History Test Chpt. 16

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Although European peasents were free during the early modern era,

their standards of living may have declined betwenn 1500 and 1750.

To ensure that his subjects did not resist royal authority, King Philip II of Spain

used the Spainsh Inquisition to suppress opposition

Bourgeoisie means

wealthy urban class

The Enlightenment in Europe was

a blending of intellectual schools of thought from many diverse areas with the idea of improving the human condition

Unlike in other parts of the world, marriage patterns in early modern Europe reflected

a freer choice of one's marriage partner instead of an arranged marriage

English political pilosopher John Locke asserted that if the monarch

abused his or her power, the people had a duty to rebel.

forgiveness of a past sin, an indulgence, might be given for any of the following reasons except

becoming a monk

As the iron industry expanded, the consumption of fuel caused

deforestation

Martin Luther insisted that the only way to salvation was through

faith in Jesus Christ

Like merchanys in the Islamic world, European merchants relied on

family and ethnic networks

Europeans viewed the natural world through two beliefs systems:

folklore, including magic, and Christian and Judaic teachings.

Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their states by

limiting the power of the church and the nobility

The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by

natural causes

John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by

predestination

The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of

the imposition of the Spanish sales taxes and Catholic orthodoxy

King Herny VIII of England severed his bond with the Catholic Church when

the pope refused to grant him a papal annuulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

Which of the following religious groups was not seen as "rebelling" against the absolutist authority of the monarch?

Lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire

At the end of the English Civil War, the monarch was executed and replaced by

Oliver Cromwell

What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation

Potatoes and corn

One of the painters who exemplified the Renaissance in northern Europe was

Bruegel

How did European rulers pay their large war expenses?

By making alliances with the rising commercial elites and protecing markets overseas.

in 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V allowed German princes to choose

Catholicism or Lutheranism

The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by the

Habsburgs

The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was

Isaac Newton

Ignatius of Loyola founded the

Society of Jesus ( the Jesuits)


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