World History Test Chpt. 16
Although European peasents were free during the early modern era,
their standards of living may have declined betwenn 1500 and 1750.
To ensure that his subjects did not resist royal authority, King Philip II of Spain
used the Spainsh Inquisition to suppress opposition
Bourgeoisie means
wealthy urban class
The Enlightenment in Europe was
a blending of intellectual schools of thought from many diverse areas with the idea of improving the human condition
Unlike in other parts of the world, marriage patterns in early modern Europe reflected
a freer choice of one's marriage partner instead of an arranged marriage
English political pilosopher John Locke asserted that if the monarch
abused his or her power, the people had a duty to rebel.
forgiveness of a past sin, an indulgence, might be given for any of the following reasons except
becoming a monk
As the iron industry expanded, the consumption of fuel caused
deforestation
Martin Luther insisted that the only way to salvation was through
faith in Jesus Christ
Like merchanys in the Islamic world, European merchants relied on
family and ethnic networks
Europeans viewed the natural world through two beliefs systems:
folklore, including magic, and Christian and Judaic teachings.
Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their states by
limiting the power of the church and the nobility
The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by
natural causes
John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by
predestination
The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of
the imposition of the Spanish sales taxes and Catholic orthodoxy
King Herny VIII of England severed his bond with the Catholic Church when
the pope refused to grant him a papal annuulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Which of the following religious groups was not seen as "rebelling" against the absolutist authority of the monarch?
Lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire
At the end of the English Civil War, the monarch was executed and replaced by
Oliver Cromwell
What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation
Potatoes and corn
One of the painters who exemplified the Renaissance in northern Europe was
Bruegel
How did European rulers pay their large war expenses?
By making alliances with the rising commercial elites and protecing markets overseas.
in 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V allowed German princes to choose
Catholicism or Lutheranism
The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by the
Habsburgs
The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was
Isaac Newton
Ignatius of Loyola founded the
Society of Jesus ( the Jesuits)
