WW2 Exam

The painting above does which of the following?

*Condemns the bombing of a Basque town during the Spanish Civil War. Introduces Impressionism as an artistic movement. Protests the Nazi treatment of the Jewish population. Celebrates the importance of science and technology for twentieth-century society.

Which of the following best explains the difference between the trends in German unemployment and the trends in British unemployment after 1933 ?

*German militarization and public works projects were more successful in reducing unemployment. German acquisition of territory in eastern Europe and the Rhineland aided Germany's economy. German restrictions on ethnic minorities reduced the number of unemployed ethnic Germans. German expansion of trade with overseas colonies provided a boost to manufacturing employment

Which of the following arguments would a supporter of using nuclear weapons against Japan have most likely cited to explain the limitations of Franck's arguments in the first and second paragraphs?

*Japanese government propaganda instilled fierce, suicidal nationalism in the Japanese population, making Japan unlikely to surrender unconditionally without experiencing the effects of nuclear weapons. The United States use of nuclear weapons against Japan might provoke the Soviet Union into becoming Japan's ally. Japanese military actions in the Pacific, though often brutal, did not justify the use of nuclear weapons against Japanese cities with large civilian populations. The United States use of nuclear weapons against Japan would likely force the United States into a prolonged occupation of Japan in order to ensure the economic redevelopment of the country.

***Sending people to Siberian camps was part of which of the following?

*Stalin's efforts to purge political rivals Colonization of land to increase fur and timber production The collapse of the Russian government at the end of the First World War Large-scale emigration as a result of the First World War

The graph above of the voting (by party) in the German elections from 1928 to 1932 shows which of the following?

*The Depression saw an increase in the percentage of votes for Communist and Nazi parties. By the end of 1932, the Nazi Party had an absolute majority in the Reichstag. The percentage of persons voting for the Nazi Party grew in every election. The Nazi Party enjoyed a substantial share of the German vote even before the Depression began

Which of the following best explains why, in the 1956 edition of the book, the author stated, "I no longer think that all wars are unnecessary"?

*The Second World War had to be fought to stop the expansion of Nazi Germany in Europe. The Second World War opened up Europe to increased American cultural and economic influence. The Second World War led more writers to question literary conventions and bourgeois social values. The Second World War opened up new economic and social opportunities for women.

Which of the following was the most direct cause of the development in the years 1930 to 1933 illustrated by the table?

*The collapse of financial markets after the United States stock market crash The collapse of democratic states in eastern Europe The imposition of protectionist tariffs by the industrialized powers The growing influence of Bolshevism in Europe after the Russian Revolution

Which of the following was the most significant factor behind the Russian government's creation of the collective farms described by the author?

*The need for rapid economic modernization The need to boost military spending The need to provide more foodstuffs for the Russian peasantry The need to address a high unemployment rate

Artworks of the type shown in the image were used for all of the following EXCEPT to

*encourage Soviet citizens to embrace Western popular culture showcase Soviet support for the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War promote Soviet support for anti-imperialist independence movements in Asia and Africa mobilize the Soviet population in support of the policy of "total war" during the Second World War

The poster's portrayal of the two men as former First World War comrades is best explained by the Nazi Party's desire to

*exploit feelings of bitterness felt by many Germans about the outcome of the war incite class resentment between workers and professionals remind workers of the human and material cost of the war encourage more workers to get technical training

The cartoon above by the British caricaturist David Low was published

*in the wake of the 1939 nonaggression pact between Germany and Russia after the defeat of France in 1940 by the German invaders in response to the German invasion of Russia in 1941 at the outset of the Spanish Civil War in 1936

***Which of the following developments during the Second World War would Franck most likely have cited as evidence to support his arguments in the passage?

Allied firebombing in Germany and Japan had caused massive devastation and civilian casualties, and atomic weapons were vastly more powerful than those used in firebombing. German scientists such as Franck were critical to helping the United States develop nuclear weapons, and some of those scientists wanted the weapons used on Germany rather than Japan. *Nazi scientists were working frantically to develop nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction that could save the Nazi regime from defeat. Some United States allies were largely unaware of the United States attempt to develop nuclear weapons

***Which of the following is best supported by the excerpts above?

Any group could organize a union and negotiate binding contracts with management. Wages and working conditions were ultimately to be determined by collective bargaining between labor and management. *Italian business firms and factories belonged to the state. Any agreement was subject to the state's interpretation of the national interest.

Which of the following groups was the policy described in the passage designed to eliminate?

Disloyal military officers Ethnic Germans Romanov monarchist sympathizers *Landowning kulaks

***The agreement described in the passage led most directly to which of the following?

Fascist states such as Italy and Germany embarking on a program of rearmament The Czech Republic and Slovakia splitting Czechoslovakia into separate states *Hitler ordering the invasion of Poland in the belief that Britain and France would not intervene Germany and Italy forming the supposedly anticommunist Axis alliance

The political cartoon above from the 1930s illustrates

France's dependence on goods from the British Empire *British indifference to aggression by the Axis powers Austria's role as a buffer between the Soviet Union and the new states of central Europe the perceived problem of European over-population

The perspective of the artist regarding the Treaty of Versailles is best explained by which of the following developments at the time the poster was created?

German colonies in Africa and Asia had been claimed by the Allies under the League of Nations mandate system. *The onset of the Great Depression undermined the already unstable economy of the Weimar Republic, which was required to pay reparations to the Allies. The terms of the Versailles treaty had created small democratic states out of German and Habsburg territories in eastern Europe. Germany had been barred from participation in the League of Nations.

***The exploitation of Sudeten grievances described by Butler in the passage are most directly connected to which of the following features of the Nazi regime?

Its creation of a cult of personality around Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader, as a means of creating national cohesion Its use of antisemitic rhetoric and policies as means to unite Germans against a supposed enemy *Its employment of aggressive nationalism as a means of maintaining support at home and gaining advantages abroad Its elimination of the distinction between the ruling party and the government as a means of securing power

***Contemporaries who agreed with Franck's argument in the second and third paragraphs regarding the need for an international agreement would most likely have made which of the following arguments to support their position?

New international organizations could have only a limited effect in restraining the actions of the great powers. The peace agreements should ensure that Germany could never threaten the stability of Europe again. Mass atrocities committed during the war required that states possess sufficient armaments to defend themselves in future *The end of the war would probably lead to a new rivalry between the victorious states.

The table best supports which of the following conclusions?

Revenue from cash crops accounted for the majority of "other income" in French African colonies. *European powers maintained colonies despite global war and economic depression. Europeans migrated and established settler communities in Africa. European powers did not provide financial support for the maintenance of their colonies.

The trend shown in the table from 1933 to 1938 had which of the following effects on Germany?

The Nazi party became more hard-line anticommunist. *The Nazi party was able to solidify control over German society. The Nazi party relaxed restrictions on political dissent by the late 1930s. The Nazi party adopted anti-Semitism into its political platform

The primary rationale for Japan's territorial acquisitions in Southeast Asia during the period 1933-1942, as reflected in Map 2, was most similar to the primary rationale for which of the following?

The Qing dynasty's expansion into Central Asia The Ottoman Empire's conquest of the Middle East and North Africa *The British East India Company's takeover of other European states' colonial possessions in India France's conquests in central and southern Europe under Napoleon

Butler's view of Sudeten German grievances most directly shows the effects of which of the following?

The desire of many British politicians to militarily confront Germany The success of the Nazi German government in mitigating the effects of the Great Depression The belief among many Europeans that communism was a greater threat than fascism *The failure of the post-First World War peace settlement to meet its goals

Based on the passage and the historical context in which Wedgwood's book was originally published, which of the following most heavily influenced the author's view of the Thirty Years' War?

The emergence of second-wave feminism in Europe Increasing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War The spread of existentialist thought in Britain during the Great Depression *Growing international tensions in Europe as a result of aggressive nationalism

The poster is most clearly evidence for which of the following trends in the period it was printed?

The increasing role of women as political leaders The impact of the Bolshevik Revolution *The exploitation of economic suffering to promote radical politics The impact of Expressionism on advertising

Which of the following best explains Briand's view as expressed in the passage?

The need for European states to cooperate in suppressing anticolonial rebellions The desire to cooperate with former enemies to halt the spread of Bolshevism after the Russian Revolution The desire of French political leaders to punish Germany for its actions in the First World War *The fears of French and other countries' political leaders of a repeat of the First World War

The economic conditions portrayed in the poster are most directly a result of which of the following?

The onset of the Great Depression The abandonment of social welfare programs by the Weimar Republic The French occupation of the Rhineland Hyperinflation after the First World War

The famine described in the song was a consequence of which of the following?

The onset of the Great Depression The civil war between the Bolsheviks and their opponents *The drive to modernize the Soviet economy The implementation of the New Economic Policy

European countries undertook infrastructure projects such as the one described in the passage in order to counter the effects of which of the following?

The popularity of Lenin's New Economic Policy *The onset of the Great Depression The growing influence of the United States in European affairs The critiques by Green parties of environmental damage associated with industry

The Soviet government's agricultural policies referred to in the song directly resulted in which of the following?

The strengthening of right-wing parties in western Europe The embrace of free-market reforms *The campaign to liquidate the kulaks The rise of authoritarian dictatorships in eastern Europe and Spain in the 1930s

As described by Keshavarz in the first paragraph, which of the following would best explain why European countries were implementing policies to increase the size of their populations?

They had adopted Marxist economic philosophy. *They wanted to address the effects of the First World War and mobilize for future conflicts. They needed to employ the workers who had lost their jobs in the Great Depression. They feared a popular backlash against the economic and social costs of the welfare state.

Based on the context of the passage, what was the most likely fate of Kokurin and his family after he sent the letter?

They were rewarded as loyal communists. They were allowed to emigrate from the Soviet Union. *They were either exiled to a gulag or executed. They were given back ownership of their farm.

In addition to their economic value, projects such as those described in the passage were also used by the German government for which of the following purposes?

To encourage the growth of small businesses and liberalize the economy To encourage the development of authoritarian regimes in eastern Europe To aid the Spanish fascists in the Spanish Civil War *To glorify the leadership of Adolf Hitler and his government

***Which of the following best describes the likely intent of the poster?

To promote resistance to the prevailing political and economic order in the Soviet Union To build support for Soviet participation in institutions of international governance such as the League of Nations *To build support for centrally directed economic modernization programs in the Soviet Union To promote Soviet free-market economic policies and participation in international trade agreements

Shigenobu's criticism of European race-based discrimination against Japanese people is significant mostly because it shows that advocates of Japanese imperialism

accepted Western racial hierarchies and the place that those hierarchies assigned to Asian peoples vigorously opposed European and United States' restrictions on Japanese immigration to the United States and Europe or European colonies shared European Enlightenment views about representative government and natural rights *adopted the European attitudes about a "civilizing mission" and used those attitudes to justify Japan's own imperial policies

***The choice to portray a manual laborer and an engineer in the poster is best explained by the Nazi Party's efforts to

convey the possibilities of upward mobility in German society under Nazi rule reinforce the subordination of workers to highly educated professionals *counter the communist and socialist message of class struggle emphasize the value of advanced technology in warfare

Shigenobu's point of view regarding Western attitudes toward Japan as expressed in the passage is significant in that similar ideas were used by members of the Japanese government during the period between the First and the Second World Wars to justify

introducing reforms that industrialized Japan's economy overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate and establishing the Meiji dynasty engaging in war with Russia over influence in Manchuria *militarizing the Japanese state and expanding its territories in Asia

The establishment of organizations like the German Labor Front is best explained as part of the Nazi Party's program of

provoking confrontation with other European states *dismantling democratic institutions glorifying militarism and war implementing racialist policies

***The aspirations expressed by Briand in the passage would be most directly undermined by his failure to recognize

the political and economic crises that turned the newly created democracies in eastern Europe toward authoritarianism the growing influence of communism among the voting populations of France and Germany *the political and economic instability of the German Weimar Republic the reduced diplomatic role of the United States in Europe as it adopted an isolationist stance