Y1K Part 2

India was responsible for inventing such mathematical concepts as _____(though the Maya did as well independently), pi to the 4th decimal place, __________________, ______________________, and square and _________ roots.

0; decimal values; negative values; cubed

In 1290, the largest in Europe would be the Sorbonne in Paris. It had __________ books.

1,000

Number of books in a typical medieval monastery in Europe;

100

The other side of the city was the trading center and mostly populated by the Muslim Africans which also consisted of Berber Africans from northern Africa. This side of the capital was home to ______ mosques and was inhabited by ___________________ people.

12; 30,000

There were _______ mosques in the city of _________________________.

12; Kumbi Saleh

The Empire of Ghana began the development of iron resources and produced weapons such as spears and had an army of over ____________ soldiers.

200,000

The Muslim world in the year 1000 probably surpassed every other place on the planet in terms of libraries. Cairo, Egypt, with a library holding some _______________ books, was not even the largest. That honor belonged to Cordoba, Spain, which was home to ______ libraries, the largest of which held over 400,000 books.

200,000; 70

Ghana emerged between ___________________ AD/CE

400 and 800

In 1000 AD, Angkor was the ______ largest city in the world with a population of _______________.

4th; 200,000

By 1000 AD the Empire of Ghana had expanded its territory even further west past the Senegal River further south to the Bambuk region, further east to the Niger, and north the the Berber city of Audoghast. This expansion meant that the empire Ghana now controlled a territory of ___________________ square kilometers which is about double the size of Germany.

650,000

In the capital of Kaifeng, the year 983 marked the completion of a monumental printing job: the preparation of printing blocks for over 260,000 pages of Buddhist books. The Kaifeng presses also completed an encyclopedia of over 1000 chapters, and the imperial library housed some ______________ volumes. China probably had the largest educated population in the world.

80,000

Gherbert became pope in the year ________ and watched the new millennium emerge.

999

Charlemagne's court at _______________ became a gathering place for scholars from all over Europe. New schools were formed, each with a scriptorium, and new libraries were built. A new, more readable handwriting was even formed, called the ____________________________.

Aachen; Carolingian Minuscle

World's 4th college:

Al-Azhar University; Islamic World; 975

Yashovarman I moved the imperial capital to __________, where it would remain for the next 4 centuries.

Angkor

India is located in southern _______(continent). It is bordered by the ________________ on the west and the _________________ on the east. Two of the major rivers in that area are the ________ and the __________.

Asia; Arabian Sea; Bay of Bengal; Indus; Ganges

Libraries in China were richly stocked in contrast to European monastic libraries. A collection of ______________ scrolls called the Dunhuang Manuscripts, sealed in a cave right around our target year of 1000, numbered some _______________ texts.

Buddhist; 40,000

A great warrior, Charlemagne also promoted learning, and his mini-revival of scholarship and education was called the ______________________.

Carolingian revival

Paper filtered through the Muslim world from ___________ in the 8th century or so. Muslim armies seized paper-making craftsmen after winning battles an took the kidnapped workers back to establish the finest paper-making centers in the world at such places as _______________, Damascus, and Baghdad.

China; Samarkand

The capital of the empire of Ghana was originally two cities which grew to very large populations and eventually combined to one city with two sections. One side of the city was named _________________ which was the location of the Royal Palace and the wealthy members of the Empire whose homes were constructed from stone.

El Ghaba

Alfred sponsored the writing of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which was the first history of England written in __________________.

English

True or False: Khmer temples served primarily as a place of worship.

False, it was a place to keep the ashes of deceased kings.

True or False: War elephants were used by all members of the Khmer cavalry.

False, only the king or high ranking warriors used war elephants.

Before there was an entity that we would now call the Khmer Empire, the _________ people were the most powerful group in the area from 150 to 550. The __________ people assumed power in the area from 550 to 800 AD.

Funan; Zhenla

He was a very intellectually inclined child. He introduced Western Europe to the medical knowledge he gained while living in the Islamic World. He was later made the first French pope of the a church in Rome, Italy in 999 AD.

Gherbert of Aurillac

The Khmer Empire wanted:

Gold, silver, silk fabrics, tin goods, mercury, and paper

The religions ___________ and ____________ co-existed in the empire and led to the concept of the deva-raja or ___________, who ruled with absolute authority.

Hinduism and Buddhism; God/King

In the year 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor of the _____________________.

Holy Roman Empire

Especially artful manuscripts were called _______________________ because the gold paint seemed to reflect the light. Two famous exampes are the Lindisfarne Gospel and the Book of ___________.

Illuminated Manuscripts; Kells

The rich and complex Hindu religion, the use of Sanskrit language, and statuary representing gods and kings are examples of the influence of _______ in the lives of the Khmer.

India

Ghana declined in the 11th Century with the arrival of tribes from the _____________________ entering the region.

Islamic World

The Khmer Empire was founded by ____________________ in 802 AD.

Jayavarman II

The Khmer Empire traded:

Kingfisher feathers, elephant tusks, rhinoceros horns beeswax, and aquilaria wood(incense)

King Dinga Cisse established the capital _______________________ in the center of the region and from this point onwards, the majority of the rulers of the Empire will come from the bloodline of the Cisse clan.

Kumbi Saleh

Indravarman I was called a "_________ Among Kings" and he established norms that were to guide future Khmer kings.

Lion

By 1200 AD, the Empire of Ghana came to an end and was replaced by the growing Empire of ____________.

Mali

Later, what was Ghana became incorporated into the empire of ____________.

Mali

The empire of Ghana covered a much larger region than modern-day Ghana. The total territory encapsulated modern-day ___________, southern Mauritania and the area between the _____________ and ________________ rivers.

Mali; Niger; Senegal

_________________ were the main source of book-copying in England and Viking raids took their toll. The devastation is even more evident when one realizes that a Bible, foe example, would take over one year to copy by hand. In what we call the "dark ages," a European monastery might be lucky to have ______ books. __________ had the largest library in England, having over 250 texts.

Monasteries; 100; Bede

World's 2nd college:

Nalanda University; India; 427

World's 1st college:

Nanjing University; China; 258

"______________ is incontestably the great art of Cambodia, that which confers on it a matchless prestige." All Khmer sculpture was __________ in nature.

Sculpture; religious

The Khmer Empire was situated in _________________, centered in the present-day country of _____________ and occupying portions of Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.

Southeast Asia; Cambodia

_______________________ organized the system which European monasteries would follow for years. Emphasis was placed on learning and education.

St. Benedict

Prior to 500, there was medical knowledge in India. ________________ wrote a medical encyclopedia in the 5th Century BC that was translated into Arabic. ______________ was an Indian doctor from the 3rd century whose bidy of medical knowledge and writings was used up to the ______ Century.

Sushrusta; Charaka; 20th

True or False: The Khmer royalty were taught to read and write by Brahmin teachers.

True

World's 3rd college:

University of Al-Karaouine; Islamic World; 859

World's 5th college:

University of Bologna; Holy Roman Empire; 1088

Invaders from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden called _________________ disrupted monastic life for several centuries, and so disrupted the advance of learning in Western Europe.

Vikings

In addition to weaponry, the ironworking was used to develop farming tools and grow their ______________________ industry. By 770 AD, the kings of the empire of Ghana had full control over the trade routes of the Sahara.

agricultural

A public school system was available in every village, with schools run by _______. Libraries were called the "Treasure Houses of the Goddess of __________." The famous university at _____________, the second oldest, burned down in 1197.

clergy; speech; Nalanda

From 300 AD to 800 AD the empire of Ghana followed local Soninke religions, which included the belief in a ________________ God and a belief in spirits. They believed that the spirits could assist him in tasks they needed to perform and goals they needed to accomplish, and they would provide gifts and offerings to them.

creator

Indian Exports:

diamonds, pepper, ebony, ivory, perfume, camphor oil

While the Muslim invaders did not stay long , they: ___________________________________; and introduced animal flocks that led to _______________________.

disrupted the trade networks; desertification

India achieved its "Golden Age" between 500 an 1100 AD. It had arguably the largest ___________ in the ancient/medieval world. There was much diversity in the ancient India, diversity which was __________, __________, artistic, and intellectual. This resulted in many kingdoms and short-lived dynasties, including the _________, Chalukyas, and the __________.

economy; religious; cultural; Gupta; Cholas

For entertainment, the Khmer had dance and music, gambling, wrestling, circus-like performances, religious festivals, and even _________ like a version of chess.

games

The term _______________ is given to a hereditary king; its rulers called it Wagadu.

ghana

The Khmer Empire was 'tied together' by a great system of major _____________ that covered approximately 500 miles.

highways

Indian Imports:

horses, gold, silk

There were also lesser kings called emperors and as the Empire they were required to help manage all of the ____________________ trade. In addition, Prime Ministers were appointed in governing responsibilities were delegated out to them. The Prime Ministers were further assisted by dignitaries who were in charge of the Empire's military, trade, palaces, and foreign affairs with neighboring kingdoms.

international

Many historians of the time wrote about the Empire of Ghana at various periods the Persian astronomer Ibrahim al Fazari referred to the empire of Ghana as the "____________________________." The Arab geographer Ibn Hawkal visited the empire and noted that the king of Ghana is "the richest _______________ on the face of the earth."

land of gold; king

Debate was valued exercise in ancient India, particularly by kings who would hold contests of _________. The greatest of thinkers was _______________, whose arguments has a great influence on the philosophy of India.

logic; Shankara

The Chinese were the first to use paper as ______________(it was called huizi)... and the first to use toilet paper as well. In 1393, the court records show that 15,000 sheets of light yellow, thick but soft, and perfumed toilet paper were used by the royal family.

money

Bhoja was an 11th Century Renaissance Man who knew much about _________________, poetry, ______________________, medicine, ____________, archery, and even _________.

philosophy; veterinary science; phonetics; yoga

Indian medicine included knowledge of some of the body systems. They used the ___________ as a diagnostic tool and even understood how to create ____________ to some poisons. The most prescribed medicine was __________.

pulse; antidotes; water

The production of the staple crop of _______ was one of the primary reasons for the founding and success of the Classic Khmer Empire. Water was managed by a complex system of _________, __________, and _________.

rice; canals, moats, and barays

The empire of Ghana developed a hierarchical structure and government to rule the kingdom. The king of Emperor of Ghana was assisted by a _______________________ which supervised all of the governmental activities.

royal counsel

The kingdom also benefited from its location which was between the Senegal River and the Niger River. The Empire became wealthy due to the _________ and ____________ trade between West Africa and North Africa.

salt and gold

_____________ was used to unify the diverse cultures of India through its poetic language. ___________ was a famous author who wrote the epics Shakulantala and Mahabharata using Indian oral tradition and heritage.

sanskrit; Kalidasa

Monks worked hard to copy books in a room called a ________________.

scriptorium

England's only 'great' monarch, Alfred ruled in the late 9th Century and gained fame and prestige for ________________________________ and promoting a revival of _____________________.

stopping viking raids; learning

The income of the Empire took on many forms but one of the ways in which wealth was generated was via a system of _________________. The government instituted two levels of taxation, namely production and _______________________. The production tax was applied to any citizens producing commodities such as gold.

taxation; import-export

The beautifully constructed and decorated ___________ of India, "skyscrapers" made from _______________ were among the great architectural achievements of the culture.

temples; limestone

Due to its rather central location in Eurasia, India was an important center of _________. They used _________, silver, and __________ coins... as well as promissory notes to conduct domestic business.

trade; gold; copper

The empire of Ghana gained strength of a period of hundreds of years from 380 to 700 when, under the rulership of King Dinga Cisse, the kingdom became completely unified and named Ghana which means '_______________________' in the Mande language.

war cheif

Books in China:

written on paper, made with block printing, written with brushes

Books in England:

written on parchment, hand copied by monks, written with quills and ink