10-3 Where Is Agriculture Distributed?
mixed crop and livestock
U.S., Midwest, central Europe
slash-and-burn agriculture
aka shifting cultivation-- farmers clear land for planting by slashing and burning vegetation debris
choice of animals
camels (arid climates and long periods of time), goats (tough, agile, easily feed), sheep (slow, selective eaters, affected by climate change)
separation of rice
chaff, threshed, winnowed, hull
swidden
cleared area is prepared by hand
ranching is the
commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area
double cropping
common in places that have warm winters: alternating between wet rice, grown in the summer, or another dry crop grown in the drier winter season
transplanting
customary way to plant rice is to grow seedlings on dr land ina nursery and then transplant the seedlings into the flooded field
most important commercial agriculture practiced on farms near the large urban areas of northern U.S., southeastern Canada, northwestern Europe
dairy farming
ranching
drylands of western North America, southeastern Latin America, Central Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, South Pacific
growing rice involves four principal steps:
field preparation, flooding, transplanting, harvesting
asture
grass or other plats grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing
harvesting
harvested by hand, usually with knives
intensive subsistence agriculture
implies that farmers must work intensively to subsist on a parcel of land
shifting cultivation is practiced
in Tropical, or A, climate regions which have relatively high temps and lots of rain fall
challenges for dairy farmers
labor intensive, winter feed
mediterranean
lands surrounding Mediterranean Sea, western U.S., southern tip of Africa, Chile
plantation
large commercial farm in developing country that specializes in one or two crops
6 agricultural regions that predominate in developed countries:
mixed crop and livestock, dairying, grain, ranching, mediterranean, commercial gardening
dairying
near population clusters in the northeastern U.S., southeastern Canada, and northwestern Europe
grain
north-central U.S., south-central Canada, Eastern Europe
pastoral nomadism is a form
of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals
combine machine
performs in one operation the three tasks of reaping, threading, and cleaning
winter wheat crop
planted in the autumn and develops a strong root system before growth stops for the winter
spring wheat
planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer
field preparation
plow drawn by water buffalo
flooding
plowed land flooded with water, called sawah or paddy
crop rotation
practice of rotating use of different fields form crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil
pastoral nomadism
primarily the drylands of Southwest Asia and North Africa, Central Asia, and East Easia
Intensive subsistence, wet rice dominant
primarily the large population concentrations of East Asia and South Asia
Intensive subsistence, crops other other than rice dominant
primarily the large population concentrations of East Asia and South Asia, where growing rice is difficult
Plantation
primarily the tropical and sub tropical regions of Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia
shifting cultivation
primarily the tropical regions of Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia
transhumance
seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas
commercial gardening
south-eastern U.S. and southeastern Australia
agribusiness
system of commercial farming found in developed countries
truck farming
type of agriculture practiced in urban areas
Palouse region of Washington State
wheat comprises a smaller percentage of agricultural output than in the other two wheat-growing regions