1.1 Quiz

What are some things the Kwakiutl are known for

decorated masks and boats with magnificent totems, symbols of the ancestral spirits that guided each family

(essay question) How might life have improved for the pueblo people when they relocated to the land near the Rio Grande

descendants of the Hohokam and Anasazi and living in the dry southeast, relocating to land near the Rio Grande enabled the tribe access to resources such as water that they scarcely had before. The pueblo people could use the Rio Grande for purposes such as irrigating their farms (info located on page 8)

what were potlatches

elaborate ceremonies in which they gave away large quantities of their possessions.

What are some things the civilizations east of the Mississippi where known for

excelled and trading and building

how did the Kwakiutl show their history

families displayed their histories on huge totem poles set in front of their cedar-plank houses

Where did the Anasazi live

four corners (southwest)

When did the Anasazi exist

from 300BC-1400AD

how did their belief of how land should be treated affect their relationship with the Europeans

lead to many clashes with the Europeans, who believed in private ownership of land

what was the first crop ever developed for human use

maize (corn)

What were some of the plants that were developed for human use

maize, gourds, pumpkin, beans, and peppers

what kind of land did the Anasazi live on

mesa tops, cliff sides, and canyon bottoms

Did all native Americans adapt agriculture

no, some remained nomadic and others partially integrated it into their lifestyle (hunting animals and planting crops for food)

What were the civilizations that lived east of the Mississippi

the Adena, the Hopewell, and the Mississippian's

What societies still flourished when Christopher Columbus came

the Aztec and the Mississippians

what river runs through the region in which the Adena live in

the Mississippi river (the region extended from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico)

how was labor divided among people

the assignment of tasks according to gender, age, or status—formed the basis of social order. Among the Kwakiutl, for example, slaves performed the most menial jobs, while nobles ensured that Kwakiutl law was obeyed

what is one of the biggest factors in bringing Native American peoples into contact with one another

the trading network

why where waterways and forests of the northwest coast so important

they sustained large communities year round

What was the purpose of David Ingram's claim

to emphasis just how extensive the network of river trails and forest roads were

How were the tasks assigned among woman and man

Among the Iroquois and Hopi, for example, women owned the household items, and families traced their ancestry from mother to grandmother to great-grandmother, and so on. In other Native American cultures, men owned the family possessions and traced their ancestry through their father's kin

what is the four corners region

Four Corners region: where Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico meet

what are some cultural traditions of the Kwakiutl

Leading Kwakiutl families organized potlatches, elaborate ceremonies in which they gave away large quantities of their possessions.

Where did the Kwakiutl live?

Pacific Northwest Coast in what is now southern Alaska to northern California

What were the Mississippian's known for

People of the Mississippian culture constructed gigantic pyramidal mounds

what was the basic unit of organization among all native American tribes

The basic unit of organization among all Native American groups was the family, which included aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives. Some tribes further organized the families into clans, or groups of families descended from a common ancestor

Who was David Ingram

an English sailor

What was the environment like where the Anasazi lived

arid and dry

When did agriculture develop

around 10,000 and 5,000 years ago

where did agriculture develop

central Mexico

What did David Ingram do

claimed in 1568 to have walked along Native American trade routes all the way from Mexico to the Atlantic coast

How did the Kwakiutl utilize their environment

collected shellfish from the beaches and hunted the ocean for whales, sea otters, and seals

how did the trading network work

-As tribes established permanent settlements, many of these settlements became well known for specific products or skill (i.e. The Nootka mastered whaling, the Ojibwa collected wild rice, and the Taos made pottery) -An elaborate transcontinental trading network enabled one group to trade with another without direct contact. -Traders passed along items - Intermediaries carried goods hundreds and sometimes thousands of miles

Explain the social organization of these civilizations

-Bonds of kinship, or strong ties among family members, ensured the continuation of tribal customs -Elders instructed the young -In exchange, the young honored the elders and their departed ancestors

(essay question) What were the effects of developing an agricultural base in the ancient Americas

-allowed nomadic tribes to become stationary -enabled a surplus of food -surplus= more time for skill development -skill development= trading -trading= contact with other tribes -because civilizations became stationary, it allowed the civilizations to expand into these ginormous empires with complex societies

What were the benefits of the development of agriculture

-made it possible for people to stay in one place -store surplus food -as surplus increased people could spend more time on developing other skills -led to more stable societies and complex communities

What were some common religious belief

-nearly all Native Americans thought of the natural world as filled with spirits -Past generations remained alive to guide the living -Every object possessed a voice that might be heard if one listened closely. This included both living and nonliving objects, such as plants, animals, mountains, lakes, and clouds

How was land regarded

-regarded the land as the source of life, not as a commodity to be sold - disturbed the land only for the most important activities, such as food gathering or farming

What did the Adena and Hopewell build

-the Adena built structures that consisted of huge burial mounds filled with finely crafted objects -other mounds were sculpted into effigies, or likenesses, of animals

What are some shared cultural patterns among Native American civilizations

-trade and the methods used for trade, attitudes toward land use and ownership, and certain religious beliefs were common to many cultures -shared similar social values and organized their societies around their families

why were potlatches so important

A family's reputation depended upon the size of its potlatch (how much wealth they gave away) -a family might spend up to 12 years planning their potlatch

what purpose did the totem pole serve

A family's totems announced its wealth and status