3rd Quiz

Gyeongseong

- 1920s - Textile corporation founded by Kim Yeon-su and Kim Seong-su from a landlord family in the southwest Jeolla province - The brothers used capital from their tenants to establish the company - Threatened by bankruptcy but saved by Japanese bank working capital - Also received help from Japanese trading companies in marketing products - Sold products at a cheaper price so had no competition

The Xi'An Incident

- 1936 - Zhang Xueliang was tired of fighting Communists in their base camps in the North - Additionally he had never been given the land he was promised by Chiang - He and friend kidnap Chiang and force him to unite with communists for Second United Front - Allowed China to unify against Japan

Yan Fu

- Active during the early 1900s - One of the first Chinese people to study in England - Translator and president of Peking University - Believed that Western style government "freed the energy of the individual" which then could be used to pursue greater national goals - Big supporter of ideas such as "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest"

White Terror, 1927

- April 1927: forces loyal to Chiang massacre communists - Around 5,000 killed in Shanghai; United Front finished - Terror spreads, communist labor union base destroyed - Number of communists shrink

Qiu Jin

- Became strong nationalist after witnessing the Boxer Rebellion - Left her husband in 1904 and enrolled in a Japanese girls' vocational school - She learned revolutionary politics and even how to make bombs - She also became a feminist during this time, protesting female infanticide, foot binding, arranged marriages, wife beating, and widow chastity - She was eventually killed by the Qing government

Li Dazhao

- Began as a librarian at Beijing University - In a 1919 issue of New Youth, he wrote an introduction of Marxism ideology including subjects such as class struggle and the exploitation involved with capitalism - In 1920, after gaining the attention of intellectuals, he established a Marxist study group at Beijing University

Kim San

- Came from a poor farming family - Mother was Christian but abandons the Christian faith when they are too passive against Japanese imperialist rule - Sent to Manchuria in mid-1930s to smooth tensions between Chinese and Korean communists - However, upon arrival, he was arrested and subjected to water torture for 40 days

The Three People's Principles

- Formed by Sun Yat-sen in mid-1900s - Nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood - Inspired by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address - Although the idea of democracy was foreign to Chinese citizens, Sun believed they could be guided towards democracy

Yi Donghwi

- Guerilla commander in 1907 - Became prime minister, combining both conservative right-wing and radical left-wing aspects - Favored military action against Japan - Soon left Shanghai in disgust when he could not convince Syngman Rhee to use military action rather than diplomacy against Japan

The May Fourth Incident (Movement)

- Japan seized German holdings within China while the rest of the world is busy with World War I in Europe and issues Twenty-One Demands - China disappointed with the lack of post-war recognition for its efforts during World War I - At 1919 Versailles negotiations, Japan confirmed its occupation in former German-occupied Chinese lands - May 4, 1919: 3,000 students from Beijing University protest, people across the country support in direct response to the Treaty of Versailles - Begin boycott of Japanese goods

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, 1937

- Japanese troops stationed in the Beijing area demanded access to Wanping to look for a missing soldier. Chinese refused. Shots were fired and situation escalated rapidly. - Began Second Sino-Japanese War - Japan took the offensive and swept across the North China Plain [remember this is easy to do because of the geography of China] - Long been assumed as the start of WWII in East Asia

The March First Movement

- Korean nationalists were forced to work underground, mainly through religious groups such as Christians and Buddhists - Eventually emerged on March 1, 1919 - 33 of these people signed a Declaration of Independence and peacefully marched to the Japanese authorities to petition for freedom - These nationalists were motivated by the President of the United States Woodrow Wilson's demand for self-determination for those under foreign control