5, 6, 7 Quizzes
A lower frequency is heard as being higher in pitch
False
Eyewitness testimony is never subject to suggestibility.
False
Flashbulb memories are more accurate than other episodic memories.
False
The correct order of the three bones of the middle ear from outside to inside is the anvil, the hammer, and the stirrup
False
The just noticeable difference is the maximum amount of change required for you to detect a difference.
False
There are seven primary tastes: hot, sour, spicy, sweet, brothy, acid, and bitter.
False
Based on the case study of H.M., we know which area of the temporal lobe is important for our ability to store new memories?
Hippocampus
Classical conditioning where two associated stimuli elicit a response is an example of what type of memory?
Implicit memory
During LTP, which of the following receptors is involved?
NMDA receptor on the postsynaptic neuron
Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?
Rescorla
Our sense of taste is heavily influenced by which other sense?
Smell
Which of the following techniques would be most effective for studying?
Taking practice tests
Which area of the brain is responsible for declarative memory?
Temporal lobe
Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?
The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming.
The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.
Tolman
Absentmindedness is a form of shallow encoding of events.
True
According to Collins and Loftus' network of associations, the activation of one node can increase the likelihood that associated nodes also become activated.
True
Being able to tie one's shoes is an example of procedural memory.
True
Converting physical properties of a stimulus into patterns of neural impulses is called sensory coding
True
Cryptomnesia occurs when someone remembers an idea as their own, failing to remember the source for the idea.
True
Daniel Schacter, a leading memory researcher, has suggested that some traumatic memories that are recalled by patients may be false memories that have been implanted by therapists.
True
George Miller originally estimated our memory span to be seven items plus or minus two but recent research suggests it may be as few as four items.
True
The amount of light let into the eye is controlled by the iris.
True
The false fame effect describes a tendency to assume familiar names were those of famous people.
True
The vestibular sense is responsible for our sense of balance.
True
Working memories includes sounds, images, and ideas.
True
Your ability to remember the information in this chapter is an example of semantic memory.
True
________ classical conditioning, operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.
Unlike; response
Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?
a fixed-ratio schedule
Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?
a gold star
Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called ________.
binocular depth cues
When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates ______.
binocular disparity
Analyzing smaller features and building up to a complete perception is called ________.
bottom-up processing
The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete is known as ________
closure
The ability to see the world in three dimensions is called ________.
depth perception
In an experiment subjects listed the word sleep among the.following words read rapidly, which the subjects were then asked to recall as completely as possible: bed, rest, awake, tired, dream, wake, snooze, blanket, doze, slumber, snore, nap, peace, yawn, drowsy. To include sleep by mistake is an example of
false memory
Reinforcement is to punishment as:
increase is to decrease.
There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing. If Inez blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them, that's ________. But if she then swats at the gnat, that's _________.
involuntary; voluntary
The idea that learning occurs and is stored up, even when behaviors are not reinforced, is called ________.
latent learning
The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called ______.
linear perspective
Ellen, an adult who has an intellectual disability, has just received a "token." Based on this information, it is most reasonable to assume that Ellen ________.
literally has received a token that can be traded for some good or privilege
Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?
losing telephone privileges for breaking curfew
When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend, he drinks alcohol, which helps dull his feelings. This best illustrates
negative reinforcement.
Which of the following occurs when, because one object appears to be blocking another object, the viewer assumes that the blocked object is farther away?
occlusion
A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________.
operant conditioning
A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by ________.
operant conditioning
The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called ________.
operant conditioning
What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six A's on her tests?
partial reinforcement
Positive reinforcement is to _______ as negative reinforcement is to _______.
presenting good results; removing aversive stimuli
You will more than likely see "XXX XXX XXX" as three groups of "X" rather than one group of nine "X"s. This example illustrates which of the following Gestalt Laws?
proximity
Jane works as a seamstress. Her boss tells her that every time she completes five shirts, she will receive $5. When done with the five shirts, she dumps them into a bin and gets paid. Her pattern of shirt completion is most likely to be ________.
rapid shirt completion with a short break after each five completed
A theory of memory that says that memories can change each time they are retrieved is called
reconsolidation.
Retrieval cues are most effective if they
recreate the context in which the original learning occurred.
You witness an automobile accident in which one of the drivers hits his head on the windshield. He appears uninjured, but when a police officer asks him what happened just prior to the accident, the man seems confused and is unable to answer. The police officer is about to haul the man off to jail (assuming that he must be drunk) when you step forward and (having studied your psychology text) say, "This man is suffering from __________!"
retrograde amnesia
A ________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a(n) ________ reinforcer.
secondary; primary
When good things happen to someone, the probability of repeating the behavior that occurred before the good things increases. This best illustrates:
the Law of Effect.
Bottom-up processing is initiated by ________.
the stimulus
Closure is the tendency ________.
to complete figures that are incomplete
The gestalt principle of proximity is the tendency ________.
to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping
Suppose you're driving on a two-lane road on a very snowy night where the divider cannot be seen. However, in your mind, you're able to reconstruct where the divider should be. This example illustrates ________.
top-down processing