5, 6, 7 Quizzes

A lower frequency is heard as being higher in pitch

False

Eyewitness testimony is never subject to suggestibility.

False

Flashbulb memories are more accurate than other episodic memories.

False

The correct order of the three bones of the middle ear from outside to inside is the anvil, the hammer, and the stirrup

False

The just noticeable difference is the maximum amount of change required for you to detect a difference.

False

There are seven primary tastes: hot, sour, spicy, sweet, brothy, acid, and bitter.

False

Based on the case study of H.M., we know which area of the temporal lobe is important for our ability to store new memories?

Hippocampus

Classical conditioning where two associated stimuli elicit a response is an example of what type of memory?

Implicit memory

During LTP, which of the following receptors is involved?

NMDA receptor on the postsynaptic neuron

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?

Rescorla

Our sense of taste is heavily influenced by which other sense?

Smell

Which of the following techniques would be most effective for studying?

Taking practice tests

Which area of the brain is responsible for declarative memory?

Temporal lobe

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming.

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Tolman

Absentmindedness is a form of shallow encoding of events.

True

According to Collins and Loftus' network of associations, the activation of one node can increase the likelihood that associated nodes also become activated.

True

Being able to tie one's shoes is an example of procedural memory.

True

Converting physical properties of a stimulus into patterns of neural impulses is called sensory coding

True

Cryptomnesia occurs when someone remembers an idea as their own, failing to remember the source for the idea.

True

Daniel Schacter, a leading memory researcher, has suggested that some traumatic memories that are recalled by patients may be false memories that have been implanted by therapists.

True

George Miller originally estimated our memory span to be seven items plus or minus two but recent research suggests it may be as few as four items.

True

The amount of light let into the eye is controlled by the iris.

True

The false fame effect describes a tendency to assume familiar names were those of famous people.

True

The vestibular sense is responsible for our sense of balance.

True

Working memories includes sounds, images, and ideas.

True

Your ability to remember the information in this chapter is an example of semantic memory.

True

________ classical conditioning, operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.

Unlike; response

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

a fixed-ratio schedule

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

a gold star

Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called ________.

binocular depth cues

When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates ______.

binocular disparity

Analyzing smaller features and building up to a complete perception is called ________.

bottom-up processing

The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete is known as ________

closure

The ability to see the world in three dimensions is called ________.

depth perception

In an experiment subjects listed the word sleep among the.following words read rapidly, which the subjects were then asked to recall as completely as possible: bed, rest, awake, tired, dream, wake, snooze, blanket, doze, slumber, snore, nap, peace, yawn, drowsy. To include sleep by mistake is an example of

false memory

Reinforcement is to punishment as:

increase is to decrease.

There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing. If Inez blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them, that's ________. But if she then swats at the gnat, that's _________.

involuntary; voluntary

The idea that learning occurs and is stored up, even when behaviors are not reinforced, is called ________.

latent learning

The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called ______.

linear perspective

Ellen, an adult who has an intellectual disability, has just received a "token." Based on this information, it is most reasonable to assume that Ellen ________.

literally has received a token that can be traded for some good or privilege

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

losing telephone privileges for breaking curfew

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend, he drinks alcohol, which helps dull his feelings. This best illustrates

negative reinforcement.

Which of the following occurs when, because one object appears to be blocking another object, the viewer assumes that the blocked object is farther away?

occlusion

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________.

operant conditioning

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by ________.

operant conditioning

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called ________.

operant conditioning

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six A's on her tests?

partial reinforcement

Positive reinforcement is to _______ as negative reinforcement is to _______.

presenting good results; removing aversive stimuli

You will more than likely see "XXX XXX XXX" as three groups of "X" rather than one group of nine "X"s. This example illustrates which of the following Gestalt Laws?

proximity

Jane works as a seamstress. Her boss tells her that every time she completes five shirts, she will receive $5. When done with the five shirts, she dumps them into a bin and gets paid. Her pattern of shirt completion is most likely to be ________.

rapid shirt completion with a short break after each five completed

A theory of memory that says that memories can change each time they are retrieved is called

reconsolidation.

Retrieval cues are most effective if they

recreate the context in which the original learning occurred.

You witness an automobile accident in which one of the drivers hits his head on the windshield. He appears uninjured, but when a police officer asks him what happened just prior to the accident, the man seems confused and is unable to answer. The police officer is about to haul the man off to jail (assuming that he must be drunk) when you step forward and (having studied your psychology text) say, "This man is suffering from __________!"

retrograde amnesia

A ________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a(n) ________ reinforcer.

secondary; primary

When good things happen to someone, the probability of repeating the behavior that occurred before the good things increases. This best illustrates:

the Law of Effect.

Bottom-up processing is initiated by ________.

the stimulus

Closure is the tendency ________.

to complete figures that are incomplete

The gestalt principle of proximity is the tendency ________.

to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping

Suppose you're driving on a two-lane road on a very snowy night where the divider cannot be seen. However, in your mind, you're able to reconstruct where the divider should be. This example illustrates ________.

top-down processing