5
A friend says, "I'm going to get some therapy to help reduce my headaches. What do you suggest?" Based on current research on the effectiveness of treatments for stress-related physical disorders, your BEST answer would be:
"A combination of psychotherapy and drug therapy works better than any therapy by itself."
Someone you know who has body dysmorphic disorder is considering plastic surgery. Based on available research, what is your BEST advice?
"Be careful. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder actually feel worse afterwards."
The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:
"Better safe than sorry."
"What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program?" a friend asks. Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is:
"Drugs generally work best."
Of the following alternatives, what would be the BEST advice to give someone who wants to retain good cognitive functioning as long as possible in old age?
"Exercise your body and your mind—use it or lose it."
A young woman who formerly had a fairly high sex drive, and who reports no new medical problems, nonetheless experiences an unexpected drop in sex drive. What would be an important question to ask her, before recommending some sort of psychotherapy?
"Have you recently started taking birth control pills?"
A friend says to you, "I know someone who is a combat veteran who was just diagnosed with PTSD. Do you think therapy will help this person?" Which of the following is the BEST answer you can give based on current research?
"Probably---about two-thirds of those receiving therapy for PTSD eventually show improvement."
A friend asks you, "You're taking an abnormal psychology course; what's the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?" Your BEST research-based answer is:
"The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast, and longer, than the best drug therapy."
a positive correlation
"The heavier you are, the more food you are likely to eat." If it is true, this statement expresses:
"Isn't the ABAB design pretty much a case study?" asks a friend of yours in this class. Your BEST answer would be:
"They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater internal validity."
Cognitive-behavioral
"Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning." The orientation of the author of this quote most likely would be?
A friend asks you whether to try relaxation or biofeedback to reduce anxiety. Based on present research, your best answer is:
"Try either on; they're about equally effective."
A friend says, "If we could just eliminate combat traumas, we could eliminate a great deal of posttraumatic stress disorder." Of the following choices, your MOST accurate answer would be:
"Yes—although civilian trauma causes many more cases of PTSD than combat trauma does."
"The therapist wants me to imagine scenes where I was in combat and imagine them like I was there. I don't want to do that! How can this possibly help me?" Which of the following is the BEST answer you can give to a combat veteran who says this?
"Your therapist is suggesting an effective form of exposure called 'flooding.'"
imagine that you are asked to give a scientific opinion on the use of polygraphic evidence. your BEST response would be
"although they are used widely, they are not particularly reliable"
A friend says, "I feel like I'm stressed out and sick all the time. What kind of person is least likely to have an immune system messed up like mine?" Your BEST answer is:
"an optimist who is highly spiritual"
In Addington v. Texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. As a result, the standard for committing a person was revised to:
"clear and convincing" proof that the individual is mentally ill
Your abnormal-psychology instructor asks in class, "What kinds of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?" Confidently (and accurately), you reply:
"exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs."
which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship?
-.06
Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X and Y is:
-.88
About what percentage of defendants in the United States are found not guilty by reason of insanity in a typical year?
0.25 percent
about what percentage of defendants in the US are found not guilty by reason of insanity in a typical year
1 in 400 (.25%)
What percentage of the world population is estimated to have schizophrenia?
1 percent
About what proportion of the US population experiences insomnia in a given year?
1/4
What percentage of children and adolescents in North America suffer from a diagnosable psychological disorder?
1/5
Approximately 1 in _______ children are born with phenylketonuria (PKU).
14,000
what proportion of mental patients assault another patient during hospitalization
15%
to be classified as a major depressive episode, i must last at least
2 weeks
IQ score below _____ would indicate profound retardation.
20
Of the following, the person who would probably have the highest blood alcohol level after an hour of drinking would be a:
200-pound woman who had drunk six cans of beer.
What proportion of mental patients assault another patient during hospitalization?
25 percent
what is the rate of assault for people who display a substance-abuse disorder
25% or more
Symptoms associated with autism typically appear before the age of:
3
As many as ________ percent of elderly people will eventually wind up being placed in a nursing home.
30
What percentage of all prescription drugs are purchased by elderly people?
30
Surveys find that approximately _________ percent of older people, particularly men, have alcohol-related disorders in a given year.
4 to 7
According to a large body of research with diverse populations, how many "supertraits," or factors, may describe the basic structure of personality?
5
At any given time in the United States, only about _____ percent of the elderly population actually live in nursing homes.
5
As many as ________ percent of people over the age of 85 will develop some form of neurocognitive disorder.
50
As many as ___ percent of schoolchildren diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are boys.
70
In addition to having an IQ score of approximately _____ or below, to be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder a person must have poor adaptive behavior.
70
patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem on average experience improvement greater than do___ of people with similar problems who do not receive treatment
75 percent
the standard for "clear and convincing proof" according to the US supreme court is
75% certainty the criteria has been met
What percentage of children with autism spectrum disorder are boys?
80
People over ___ represent the fastest-growing segment of the population in the United States and in most countries around the world.
85
Condition stimulus
A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. According to classical conditioning, the park is a
Systematic desensitization
A client in a totally relaxed state vividly imagines formerly anxiety-arousing situations without feeling any lingering anxiety. Most likely, that client has just completed what type of therapy
we can make a fairly accurate prediction of days missed for illness if we know a persons stress level
A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness. From this study, we know that:
hypothesis
A friend says to you, "I just think the Red Sox win more games on Tuesdays than on any other day." Although your friend's statement is not very scientific, it is a __________:
What is a recidivist?
A person who is arrested who has a record of previous arrest.
The term "eugenics" refers to which of the following?
A political policy of preventing those who suffer from mental illness from reproducing.
case study
A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so his behavior is better understood. This study is a:
food deprivation
A psychologist was interested in the effect of hunger on psychological disturbances. She food deprived half of a group of healthy volunteers for one day and fed the other half normally. She then administered the MMPI-2 to all the participants. What was the independent variable?
idiographic
A study of a single person that is used to explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ______approach.
the correlational method of research man include all of the following except
ABAB (reversal) studies
is a participants self stimulation is observed punished observed again without punishment, and punished again the design is an
ABAB reversal
The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it, MOST likely would be diagnosed with:
ASD
reflect our unconscious desires and needs
According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following is true regarding dreams
Which of the following is not a problem with the DSM-5 categories of personality disorders?
All of the personality disorders are seen more in men than in women, suggesting a bias in diagnostic criteria.
The most common form of neurocognitive disorder is:
Alzheimer's disease.
if a person experiencing severe paranoid delusions committed a crime while saying, "I know this is wrong and i shouldn't be doing it", that person would be eligible for an insanity defense under the
American law institute test
Psychogenic
An otherwise "normal" person during hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality?
_________ is the ongoing inability to form new memories.
Anterograde amnesia
nomothetic
As opposed to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is:
When a graduate schools choose students based on test scores, college grades, and relevant experiences, they are engaging in
Assessment
-.88
Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X AND Y is:
Under what axis do long standing problems fall under the DSM IV TR
Axis II
self efficacy
Bandura: the belief that one can master & perform needed behaviors whenever necessary
Barney's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which of the following would suggest most strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barney's behavior?
Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs.
Which of the following terms, which has come to mean "a chaotic uproar" derived its name from a London hospital where mentally ill patients were treated in horrendous ways?
Bedlam
What do obsessions and compulsions have in common?
Both are used to deal with or ward off anxiety
Which of the following is TRUE about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorders?
Both drug treatments and cognitive treatments are effective
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 6
What is the most accurate statement about child sexual abuse?
Child sexual abuse appears to be equally common across all socioeconomic classes, races, and ethnic groups.
Which of the following statements about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate?
Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia.
What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?
Compulsions help people control their obsessions
Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding the relationship between eyewitness testimony and how it is used in the legal system?
Confident witnesses are more likely to be believed, but are probably no more accurate
the magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables
Correlation coefficients indicate:
they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting
Correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
__________ has been found to be caused by a slow-acting virus, and this has lent some weight to the viral theory of schizophrenia.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
The MOST accurate of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in the aftermath of a disaster (based on research studies) is:
Debriefing doesn't work too well; it might even make victims worse.
Dysfunction
Definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively.
_____________ , which helps clients increase their ability to tolerate distress, learn new social skills, and respond more effectively to life situations, is considered the treatment of choice in many clinical circles for borderline personality disorder.
Dialectical behavioral therapy
The Boston schoolteacher who made humane care a public and political concern in 19th century America was:
Dorothea Dix
The most common of the chromosomal disorders leading to intellectual developmental disorder is:
Down Syndrome
Psychotropics
Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are?
pat who was drunk as a skunk, got into a bar fight and killed his opponent. which legal test would most likely be used to find him not guilty by reason of insanity
Durham test
suffering from headaches, alcoholism, and ulcers would make one eligible for an insanity defense under the
Durham test
the version of the insanity defense that declares that a person can not be held responsible for his or her actions if they were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called the
Durham test
tony killed the guy he was fighting with. at his trial he claimed that he did not know what he was doing because he was drunk. under which "insanity" standard might he be found not guilty be reason of insanity
Durham test
Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects current trends in civil commitment?
During the 1960s and 1970s, involuntary commitment regulations and standards were made stricter
nomothetic
Experiments are consistent with the _________approach.
apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied.
External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study
The major ethical concern with research on Facebook users is:
Facebook users don't always know they are being studied
Which of the following statements about intellectual developmental disorder is not true?
Fewer than 10 percent of all people with even mild mental retardation eventually marry.
Which one of the following statements about the use of antidepressants, such as Xanax, to treat a panic disorder is MOST accurate?
For the drugs to be effective, one has to keep taking them, even when symptoms are lessened
Which one of the following statements about the use of antidepressants, such as Xanax, to treat a panic disorder is MOST accurate?
For the drugs to be effective, one has to keep taking them, even when symptoms are lessened.
psychodynamic model
Freud & Jung: based on belief that a person's behavior is determined largely by unconscious influences on behavior; belief in underlying needs, desires, impulses; belief in the psychosexual stages; catharsis
Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of __________ at certain receptor sites in the brain.
GABA
Benzodiazepines primarily affect the neurotransmitter:
GABA
Which of the following is NOT a form of neuroimaging?
GSR (MRI, PET and CAT scan are)
Emil Kraepelin
German researcher who argued that physical factors may cause mental dysfunction, and developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behaviors, was
It is estimated that by the year 2050, _________ will make up the largest number of elderly ethnic minorities.
Hispanic Americans
___________ is an inherited progressive disease in which memory problems worsen over time, along with personality changes, mood difficulties, and movement problems such as severe twitching and spasms.
Huntington's disease
Which is the most correct statement about IQ scores?
IQ scores have a high correlation with school performance.
Which of the following reflects the MOST common obsessive thought?
If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated
Enmeshed
If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that they do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be
internal validity
If a particular study of alcoholism failed to control patterns in drinking among participants, the study would have low:
Antidepressant drug
If a person is very unhappy, the condition is chronic and severe, and the psychiatrist prescribed medication, it would likely be
Unconditional self-regard
If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed
a nomothetic understanding
If you were using the scientific method to conduct research in abnormal psychology, you would be seeking:
Which of the following is NOT a concern that would call into question the reliability of clinical interviews?
Impressions formed on these interviews may not predict future outcomes.
is as close as possible to all points in the graph
In a graph of a correlational study, the line of best fit:
What is the most correct statement about anxiety disorders in later life?
Individuals over 85 report higher rates of the disorder than those between 65 and 84.
Why is Asperger's disorder no longer a diagnosis?
It is now diagnosed under the autism spectrum disorder or communication disorder label.
Which of the following is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression?
It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases.
If you were taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, you could expect that:
It would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if you stopped the medication
Based on current research, what is the BEST conclusion about the cause of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders? Is nature or nurture more responsible for these disorders?
It's probably an interaction. Both nature and nurture are important.
Which of the following cases caused the uproar and outrage that led to a return to the M'Naghten rule in determining insanity?
John Hinckley's attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan
__________ is associated with chronic alcoholism.
Korsakoff's syndrome
Tomas has a normal IQ, but demonstrates complete impairment of new learning. He also confabulates when asked to provide information about recent events. Tomas most likely is suffering from:
Korsakoff's syndrome.
Media coverage that included the "Don't do it" message, phone numbers for suicide prevention centers, and interviews with suicide experts, occurred after the suicide of:
Kurt Cobain
________ is associated with the theory that personality characteristics of the parents were the cause of autism.
Leo Kanner
Those MOST likely to experience substantial stress symptoms after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001:
Lived near New York City
"I'm sorry I did that. I didn't know it was wrong," is MOST consistent with the:
M'Naghten rule
in response to a recommendation by the american psychiatric association, current federal practice is most like the
M'Naughtear test
which of the following tests is a personality inventory?
MMPI-2
Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that:
MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism.
self actualization
Maslow; humanists further suggest that self actualization leads naturally to a concern for the welfare of others & to behavior that is loving, courageous, spontaneous, & independent; process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness & growth
Synapses
Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called
Which of the following behavior patterns is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?
Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager
Which of the following statements about rape is MOST accurate?
Most rape victims are young
Which of the following statements regarding suicide is TRUE?
Native Americans have the highest suicide rate of any racial group in the United States.
A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?
No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting.
Which of the following is true regarding the "four Ds" of abnormality?
None of the "four Ds" is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality.
Which of the following BEST reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization?
Not so well; many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street.
which of the following is an anxiety disorder
OCD
A clinician who is not up-to-date uses the term "excessive behaviors" to describe a category of disorder. According to the DSM-5, that category is now called:
Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders
uncommon disorder
Of the following examples of case studies, the one MOST likely to be helpful in the study of abnormality would be a case study including a well-tested, research-supported form of therapy used to treat a:
Which of the following is true of older women and men?
Older women outnumber older men by 3 to 2,
Psychiatrists went to medical school
One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is...
external validity
One of the problems with animal research is the question of whether the results can apply to human beings. This is a question of:
psychosexual stages of development
Oral: 0 - 18 months Anal: 18 months - 3 years Phallic: 3 - 5 years Latency: 5 - 12 years Genital: 12 - adulthood
Surveys suggest that about what percent of female rape victims in the United States are teenagers or younger?
Over 70 percent
Lisa Mosconi and her colleagues at the New York University School of Medicine have developed a special type of ___________ that may predict neurocognitive disorder and Alzheimer's disease before symptoms develop.
PET scan
The most common metabolic disorder to cause intellectual developmental disorder is:
PKU
a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression and flashbacks that persist for years after a horrible event is called
PTSD
_______ is a slowly progressive neurological disorder marked by tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness.
Parkinson's disease
State mental hospitals
Part of the legacy of Dorothea Dix
Which of the following statements accurately reflects what we know from recent studies?
Phobias ordinarily are a result of classical conditioning.
Which of the following diseases involves degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes?
Pick's disease
What is the distiction of Bethlehem Hospital founded in London in 1547?
Popularly called "Bedlam", it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients
Prevention
Primary focus of the community treatment approach to abnormality
The model of abnormality that focuses on uncontentious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:
Psychodynamic model
A torture victim who is subjected to threats of death, mock executions, and degradation is experiencing what type of torture?
Psychological
According to studies regarding pscyhological disorders and prisoners, which statement is MOST accurate?
Psychological disorders are more common in prison populations than in the general population
According to studies regarding psychological disorders and prisoners, which statement is MOST accurate?
Psychological disorders are more common in prison populations than in the general population.
In the past 20 years or so, how has the authority of psychologists and psychiatrists to make decisions about things such as admitting patients and prescribing medication changed?
Psychologists have been granted some authority previously held only by psychiatrists
Which of the following statements about the long-term effects of rape on women is MOST accurate?
Rape impacts a woman's psychological and physical health
Incidence
Rate of occurrence in a disease that develop in a certain time period.
Cope better with life stresses than nonreligious people
Recent research on the role of religion in mental health shows that religious people who view God as warm and caring
Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Researchers have not found a specific link between the two disorders.
Humanistic Model
Rogers & Maslow: emerged in the 1960s; emphasis on people as friendly, cooperative, & constructive, focus on drive to self actualization; emphasizes free will; believed that people are innately good.
Which theory states that people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth?
Rogers's client-centered theory
Which of the following is the MOST common experience for a veteran of the Iraq/Afghanistan wars?
Seeing friends seriously wounded or killed
Based on recent research, it can be concluded that the impact of repeated combat deployments:
Significantly increases one's risk of developing PTSD
Which of the following is not true about suicide?
Suicide is more often associated with Alzheimer's than with depression.
According to the DSM-5, all but which of the following may be a part of a diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer's Disease?
Symptoms must contain behavioral difficulties.
Which of the following BEST supports the idea that teenagers who attempt suicide are more uncertain about killing themselves than elderly people are?
Teenagers succeed at suicide only in about 1 in 200 attempts.
Which of the following would be the MOST common type of hallucination?
That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. (auditory)
What is the primary distinction between the beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder and someone with paranoid schizophrenia?
The beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder are not usually delusional, while the beliefs of someone with paranoid schizophrenia are.
Anxiety medication
The best psychotropic drug for excessive worry would be?
Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder?
The child is not responsive to other people.
the rights of animals vs their usefulness in understanding human problems
The controversy regarding research with animals centers on:
Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Which of the following would be a part of your paradigm?
The family-social perspective
Johann Weyer
The founder of the modern study of psychopathology.
Which of the following accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system pathway of the stress response?
The hypothalamus excites the sympathetic nervous system, which then excites body organs to release hormones that serve as neurotransmitters, causing even more arousal
Which of the following accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway of the stress response?
The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids
Facebook users don't always know they are being studied
The major ethical concern with research on Facebook users is:
Psychodynamic
The model most likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy is?
Psychodynamic
The model most likely to use terms such as "resistance" and "transference"
Sociocultural model
The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture
Psychodynamic model
The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is
Ego
The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our instinctual impulses is the
What is the basis for making a 2-PC determination to commit on an emergency basis?
The patient must be a danger to himself or herself, or others
Which of the following statements is true with regard to suicide and the elderly?
The rate of suicide for the elderly is approximately one-third higher than it is for the general population of the United States.
According to ancient views of abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of their abnormal behaviors, which of the following steps would be taken?
The shaman would perform a more extreme exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person.
Evil spirits
The use of exorcism suggests a belief that we call mental illness was caused by?
Behavioral
Theory focused on learned responses to the environment
Currently, which of the following is the BEST conclusion one can draw about cybertherapy?
There aren't enough controlled studies to fully assess cybertherapy's impact
Which of the following is the BEST example of dichotomous thinking?
There's only one thing to do and nothing else matters.
What do Parkinson-like symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia have in common?
They all involve disruption of motor control.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the childhood disorders covered in this chapter?
They are mostly more prevalent in boys than in girls.
What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders?
They are triggered by traumatic events
According to Edwin Shneidman, how do death ignorers primarily differ from other categories?
They believe death will not end their existence.
All of the following are characteristics of a serial murderer EXCEPT:
They have empathy for their victims
Which of the following is not true of the "oldest old," or those above the age of 95?
They often do more traveling than those in their 80s and early 90s.
What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common?
They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.
argues that societies invent the concept of mental illness so that they can control people whose unusual patterns of functioning upset or threaten the social order.
Thomas Szasz
According to behaviorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors?
Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Treatment of depression
Systematic desensitization
Treatment of phobias
Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." What is your BEST response?
Unfortunately, about a third of homeless people are mentally ill."
You are a forensic psychologist testifying about the sanity of someone. The question that is hardest for you to be sure of answering correctly is:
Was the defendant sane at the time of the crime?
A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness. From this study, we know that:
We can make a fairly accurate prediction of days missed for illness if we know a persons stress level
Studying unusual problems
What are case studies useful for?
The placebo group gets no treatment
What is the ethical concern about placebo drug studies?
Demonology
What model of mental illness did most people hold during the Middle Ages?
Hypnotism
What was the early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Mesmer, Josef Breuer, and even Sigmund Freud?
-.06
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship?
It does not result in high external validity
Which of the following is a limitation of the case study?
a detailed study of one case
Which of the following is the BEST example of the idiographic approach?
It ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variables
Which of the following is true of the correlation coeficient
Clergy
Who treated abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe?
A person who suffered from the form of mass madness called lycanthropy may have believed him/herself to be possessed by:
Wolves
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding gender and suicide?
Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men.
If you wanted a drug to improve the functioning of GABA, you would choose:
a benzodiazepine
If you wanted a drug to improve the functioning of GABA, you would choose:
a benzodiazepine.
a person who eats large amounts of food in a short period, and does this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have:
a binge-eating disorder
Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying:
a checking compulsion.
barry drank quite a lot at the biggest party of the year. Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a barbiturate. if he dies from repiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and barbiturate had:
a cross-tolerance effect
A person who had a serious mental illness and was in need of treatment could, nevertheless, not be civilly committed unless that person was also:
a danger either to themselves or to others
Which of the following is the BEST example of the idiographic approach
a detailed study of one case
a clinician can include three kinds of information in making a diagnosis......according to the DSM 5 a clinician is required to include
a diagnostic category and a severity rating but not additional information
the Most common cognitive disturbance in anorexia nervosa is:
a distorted body image
Of the following, who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology?
a dominant-culture assessor
of the following, who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology
a dominant-culture assessor
which of the following would be motivational symptom of depression
a lack of desire to eat
temporary commitment in an emergency situation is possible if
a life is at stake
which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression
a negative view of ones self
if you were using the scientific method to conduct research in abnormal psychology, you would be seeking
a nomothetic understanding
A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much variation in his life. He puts his toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a tantrum if his mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial changes in his daily routine can set him off. This is an example of:
a perseveration of sameness.
A lasting and groundless fear of a specific object, activity or situation is called
a phobia
How do phobias and common fear differ?
a phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the object
"The heavier you are the more food you are likely to eat" if it is true, this statement expresses:
a positive correlation
The rise of managed care programs for treating mental disorders has resulted in:
a preference for short-term rather than long-term improvement
What can a person who is found to be guilty but also mentally ill expect?
a prison term with the recommendation for treatment
if you were an air traffic controller and your employer required you to attend a seminar on dealing in healthy ways with stress, you would be receiving
a problem-solving seminar
operant conditioning
a process of learning in which behavior that leads to satisfying consequences is likely to be repeated
An individual who had suffered from dissociative fugue likely would have experienced all of the following EXCEPT:
a recurrence of the problem months or years later.
If someone were to correlate scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with the numbers of physical (health) complaints, one would MOST likely find:
a significant positive correlation
A trephine is:
a stone instrument used to cut away a circular section of the skull.
A comprehensive approach that involves several techniques in treating anxiety disorders is called:
a stress management program
All forms of therapy have which three essential features?
a sufferer, a healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer
which of the following is NOT considered a research method?
a treatment plan for an individual
observational learning / vicarious learning
a type of learning in which a person learns new information and behaviors by observing the behaviors of others.
The fact that Alzheimer's disease resembles Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease suggests that Alzheimer's may be caused by:
a virus
Which of the following people is MOST likely to be acquitted by reason of insanity?
a white American with schizophrenia
Someone with skin-picking disorder would be LEAST likely to pick skin in which area of the body?
abdomen
Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following EXCEPT:
abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage.
the diathesis-stress model of abnormality emphasizes that:
abnormality arises from an interaction between stress and predisposition
Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect two neurotransmitters-glutamate and __________ -in the brain.
acetylcholine
imagine that you are a therapist working on the US-mexican border but don't speak spanish. what is proper ethical behavior for you
acknowledge limitations and seek further treatmetn
Imagine that you are a therapist working on the border between the United States and Mexico but don't speak Spanish. What is proper ethical behavior for you?
acknowledge your limitations and seek further training
The phobia most often associated with panic disorder is:
acrophobia
Second messengers are:
active inside the neuron
which professions put one MOST at risk for an eating disorder?
actors and certain athletes
A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:
acute stress disorder
A person who witnessed a horrible accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for three weeks is probably experiencing:
acute stress disorder
a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression and flashbacks that begin shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called
acute stress disorder
a person who witnessed a horrible accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for 3 weeks ad is probably experiencing
acute stress disorder
thanks to recent court emphases, mental patients who are hospitalized are guaranteed the right to
adequate treatment and periodical case reviews
the wyatt v. stickney decision forced state hospitals to provide
adequate treatment to those who were committed involuntarily
According to DSM-5, the most common diagnosis for those receiving outpatient therapy is:
adjustment disorder
defendants who are actively hallucinating and experiencing delusions during the time of their trials are most likely to be
admitted for treatment until they are competent to stand trial
Personality disorders typically become recognizable in:
adolescence or early adulthood.
An inventory that asks about one's level of anxiety, depression, or anger is a(n) ______ inventory.
affective
an inventory that asks about ones level of anxiety, depression or anger is an
affective
Which group has the highest rate of depression?
aged persons who live in nursing homes
In research on the relationship between serotonin and suicide, serotonin seems MOST related to:
aggression
The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is:
agoraphobia
surveys show that over 1/3 (33 percent) of americans
all answers are correct
The practice of trephination was probably used to:
allow the release of evil spirits
the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ...DSM 5 was developed by
american psychiatric association
if you were having marital problems that were affecting your work and your employer made mental health service available to you to deal with those problems, your employer would be providing you with
an EAP (employee assistance program)
If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have:
an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.
Theory of mind refers to:
an awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states.
A man is having trouble coping with his financial problems and is getting depressed about them. He seeks out someone at his company who helps by counseling employees on such issues and tries to address problems before they get worse. He is seeking help from:
an employee assistance program
The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include:
an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what is being read.
Freudian theorists suggest that people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are:
anal regressive
According to Freud, obsessive-compulsive disorders have their origin in the ______ stage of development:
anal.
seligmans study in which he created learned helplessness in the lab is an example of a____study
analogue
a researcher is interested in the effects of a new drug for treating anxiety and decides to study it in rats by conditioning in them the fear of a high pitched noise and then testing the rats reactions with and without the drug this is an example of
analogue experiment
A society that loses its basic family and religious core values, experiences large-scale immigration of people with very different values, and fails to provide meaning for the life of its people is in danger of an increase in what Durkheim calls:
anomic suicide
if your primary symptom is ecessive worry, the best psychotropic drug for you would be
antianxiety medication
the medication MOST helpful in the treatment of bulimia is an:
antidepressant drug
DSM-5 stipulates that a person must be at least 18 years of age to receive the diagnosis of ___________ personality disorder.
antisocial
People with ___________ personality disorder are sometimes described as "psychopaths" or "sociopaths."
antisocial
Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. The shares were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. He showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several "successful" proposals such as this in towns across America in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely suffering from:
antisocial personality disorder.
The cluster of "dramatic" personality disorders includes which of the following personality disorders?
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic
Research has found that individuals with antisocial personality disorder often seem to experience less___________ than other people, a key ingredient to learning.
anxiety
People who experience a positive event, get excited, breath harder, and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing what cognitive theorists call:
anxiety sensitivity
What disorders are best described with classical conditioning?
anxiety: sexual & phobias
Those people MOST likely to develop stress disorders are:
anxious, and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them.
Axis III includes
any relevant general medical condition
Axis IV includes
any relevant general medical conditions
Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders:
appear to work better when used in short-term rather than traditional ways
External Validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study
apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied
Which one of the following is the BEST example of a broad social anxiety?
apprehension about being evaluated by others
The dean of academic affairs visits a professor's class as part of a tenure review. At the conclusion of the lecture, the dean exits hurriedly, without saying a word to the professor. The professor, who is prone to depression, concludes, "The dean hated my class so much he was too embarrassed to speak to me." This is an example of a(n):
arbitrary inference.
Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples:
are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples.
In order to determine if a person's fear of snakes is severe enough to be categorized as a phobia, you could:
ask him if anxiety about snakes interferes with daily living; if he says "yes," he most likely has a phobia
Which has not been associated with helping prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease?
aspirin
Which of the following would a phrenologist MOST likely have done?
assessed personality by feeling for bumps and indentations on the head
When graduate schools choose students based on test score, college grades and relevant experience they are engaging in
assessment
____________ have been said to slow the cognitive decline of people suffering from neurocognitive disorders, while simultaneously enhancing their enjoyment of life.
assisted-living facilities
If the state-dependent learning explanation of dissociative disorders is correct, a person may not remember stressful events because he or she is:
at a different arousal level after the stress is over.
MOST children with intellectual developmental disorder live:
at home
Which of the following is not a quality/skill that may shift in a sufferer of borderline personality disorder?
athletic ability
Pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. These symptoms MOST likely indicate:
attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder.
Andrea Yates, showing symptoms of postpartum psychosis, drowned her five children in 2001. Assuming she was suffering from postpartum psychosis, her actions were:
atypical; less than 10 percent of women with postpartum psychosis harm or attempt to harm their offspring.
Alzheimer's disease can only be diagnosed with certainty by means of a(n):
autopsy
A client being treated for alcohol abuse receives just enough of a drug called curare to produce temporary paralysis just as that client takes a swig of beer. Presumably, sufficient pairings of paralysis and alcohol will reduce the client's desire for alcohol. This procedure is called:
aversion therapy
If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do?
avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established.
Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing:
avoidant personality disorder
Those who are anxious unless their books are perfectly lined up on their desks and who must eat the food on their plates in a balanced order are exhibiting a:
balancing compulsion
Which of the following combinations is MOST likely to result in antagonistic effects?
barbiturates and cocaine
your friend says i will trust my first impressions of people even when the first impression is negative. based on research dealing with clinical interviews your best answer would be
be careful the research shows that first impressions, especially negative ones may be inaccurate.
If the psychodynamic explanation for suicide is correct, then suicide rates should:
be higher in nations with low murder rates.
Defendants who are judged mentally unstable at the time when they are said to have committed the crimes, are MOST likely to:
be judged not guilty by reason of insanity
One of the MOST frequent reasons for the institutionalization of Alzheimer's patients is:
because home caregivers are overwhelmed.
the individual associated with develiping a cognitive theory of depression based on negative and maladaptive thinking was:
beck
The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure;
before birth
The symptoms of vascular neurocognitive disorder:
begin suddenly
"It seems to me that people with illness anxiety disorder simply model what they see others doing." A person with which theoretical view would be MOST likely to say this?
behavioral
"abnormal behaviors--indeed, all behaviors--are acquired though learning." which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent?
behavioral
Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not do. This is a ______ explanation of conversion symptoms.
behavioral
The therapy Eliot is receiving emphasizes dealing with his compulsions, but not his obsessions. In addition, he does "homework" in the form of self-help procedures between therapy sessions. Most likely, Eliot is receiving which kind of therapy?
behavioral
Theory focused on learned responses to the environment is usually described as:
behavioral
Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?
behavioral
a therapist treating a patient for depression first finds out what activities the client once found pleasurable. these activities are then re-introduced into the patients daily schedule. which of therapy is this
behavioral
abnormal behaviors- indeed, all behaviors- are acquired through learning." which model of abnormality does this quote most closely represent
behavioral
the clinical interviewer most interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses would have what orientation?
behavioral
which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?
behavioral
which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias due to classical conditioning.
behavioral
Among many clinicians, _______ is the preferred treatment for autism, because the gains from the treatment continue for a significant period of time.
behavioral therapy
A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving:
behavioral therapy for enuresis.
classical conditioning
behaviorist; mental illness is learned through the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus resulting in a conditioned response; treatment- exposure therapy
If you live in a city, you own your home, and you pay taxes, you are LEAST likely to experience which of the following events next year?
being diagnosed with cancer
"Triple jeopardy," as an issue affecting the mental health of the elderly, refers to:
being old, a minority member, and a woman.
Catharsis
belief in the release of underlying tension, energy
Cognitive theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also:
believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others
Roger's Humanistic Theory
believes in the basic human need for unconditional positive regard; believed in client centered theory; the therapist does not criticize but gives unconditional support; Very little research to support that it works
What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)?
benzodiazepine
Which of the following medications works primarily by enhancing GABA?
benzodiazepines
if a physician wanted to relieve aniety with a lesser risk of drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician would prescribe:
benzodiazepines
The molecules that are found in sphere-shaped deposits in spaces between neurons in the hippocampus in individuals with Alzheimer's disease are called:
beta-amyloid protein.
According to current research, using relaxation training to treat generalized anxiety disorder is:
better than nothing, and about as effective as meditation.
At what age does conduct disorder usually appear?
between 7 and 15
people ho are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behavior are experiencing:
binge-eating disorder
Devon is being treated for anxiety, he is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try and reduce muscle tension. this is an example of
bio-feed back training
Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension. This is an example of:
biofeedback training.
Narcolepsy is a:
biological disorder often triggered by strong emotions
if people with unipolar despression were found to have higher levels of cortisol such a finding would support the influnece of the:
biological oreientaion
Which of the following is least likely to be a source of either low sexual desire, or sexual aversion?
biological reasons
the recent cases that have increased the patient's right to refuse treatment have focused largely on the right to refuse
biological treatment
The recent cases that have increased the patient's right to refuse treatment have focused largely on the right to refuse:
biological treatments
Apparently tricyclics work by:
blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
People with _________ personality disorder display great instability, major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity.
boderline
Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Lisa's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with:
borderline personality disorder.
the DSM5 is the first edition of the DM that requires clinicians to provide
both categorical information and dimensional information
In terms of cognitive theories explaining generalized anxiety disorder, a good deal of research supports:
both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory.
Research supporting a Freudian view of suicide has shown that later suicidal behavior is related to:
both real and symbolic losses in childhood.
The "typical" child who commits suicide is a:
boy who understands what death really is.
students reporting abnormalities in the basal ganglia of people with bipolar discovered provide the strongest support of which of the following causes of bipolar disease
brain structure
Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve:
bringing the four body humors back into balance.
Surveys throughout the world have repeatedly revealed that __________ ranks as a major problem in the minds of young people, often even more seriously than racism or AIDS.
bullying
one hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups....in this rudy how could the experimenter bias be reduced
by having researchers who don't know who got which pill
An individual with retrograde amnesia:
can learn new information but does not recall events of the past.
in addington v. texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. this case resulted in the courts setting a standard that commitment
can occur when 75% certainty that criteria for commitment has been met
Of the following, which has the LOWEST risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change?
cannabis
__________ can take a heavy toll on the close relatives of people with neurocognitive disorder.
caregiving
a psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so his behavior is better understood. This study is a
case study
People with schizophrenia who wave their arms around in wild motions and make kicking motions with their legs are experiencing:
catatonic excitement.
Concerns about the reliability and validity of the DSM-5 diagnoses are MOST likely to center on which factors?
categories based on weak research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender or racial bias)
A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in what region of the brain?
caudate nuclei
A person who has an excess of plaques due to Alzheimer's would be likely to have:
cell breakdown and death
Abnormality in this area of the brain has been associated with autism.
cerebellum
there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research
challenges faced by clinical researchers include all of the following EXCEPT
Imagine that a longitudinal study found that children raised by people will schizophrenia are more likely to commit crimes later. This result tells us that
children of people with schizophrenia are at higher risk for criminal behavior
Imagine that a longitudinal study found that children raised by people with schizophrenia are more likely to commit crimes later. This result tells us that
children of people with schizophrenia are at higher risk for criminal behavior.
parens patriae refers to the state's rights to make decisions that are in the individual's best interest, and t the idea that police power gives the state the right to protect society from harm. these two principles have been used to support
civil commitment
the principle of parens patriae (parent of the country) permits the state to make decisions that promote an individual's best interest. it has been used to support the process of
civil commitment
the process of forcing certain individuals to undergo mental health treatment is called
civil commitment
civil commitment is for a person who
civil commitment allows certain people to be forced into mental health treatment
When he was 5 years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:
classical conditioning
When he was five years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:
classical conditioning
the example of a young boy developing a fear of sand because there is a sandbox in the yard where a dog barks & lunges demonstrates a principle of
classical conditioning
the existence of disorders such a moro,gusto, amok, and winding remind us that
classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another
the existence of disorders such as koro, nervios, amok, and windigo remind us that:
classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another
The existence of disorders such as koro, susto, amok, and windigo remind us that:
classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another.
in addington v. texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. as a result, the standard for committing a person was revised to
clear and convincing proof that the patient is mentally ill and meets the states minimum requirement
one outcome due to the rise in malpractice suits related to hospitalization, based on actual hospitalization statistics is that
clinicians fear being sued
marcus felt awake and alive as thought he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used:
cocaine
In the face of fear, a person is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which of the following fear response?
cognitive
Which of the following therapies is an effective long-term, nonpharmacological treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately?
cognitive
a therapists describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. he draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major.....
cognitive
People who are coping with severe pain by telling themselves that they can get through it by focusing on the end of the pain, and by remembering that they have gotten through it before, are MOST likely to have received which of the following therapies?
cognitive intervention
A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is an
cognitive inventory
the model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the
cognitive model
a depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from
cognitive symptoms
"Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist most likely to agree with this quote would be a:
cognitive theorist.
According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal therapy is about the same as that for:
cognitive therapy
If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel, and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving:
cognitive therapy
if your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist is using
cognitive therapy
if your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced non-depressive actions and improved your social skills,
cognitive therapy
Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism has been the use of:
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Defendants who are actively hallucinating and experiencing delusions during the time of their trials are MOST likely to be:
committed for treatment until they improve enough to defend themselves.
Imagine that someone yells "Fire!" in a crowded theater, and audience members begin to try to leave the building. Some "panic," and begin pushing their way blindly through other people to an exit. This form of "panic" is:
common, and similar to the panic those with panic disorder experience
A group home is an example of:
community residence
when someone checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off before leaving in the morning they are exhibiting
compulsion
SSRIs successfully treat paraphilias, MOST likely because of paraphilias' similarity to:
compulsive disorders
if a new assessing anorectic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorectic tendencies, then the new test has high
concurrent validity
A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. According to classical conditioning, the park is a(n):
conditioned stimulus
When I was a young child and watching TV with my mother, a mouse ran by. My mother screamed, scaring me. Subsequently, I have been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the:
conditioned stimulus
What is thought to be the cause of vaginismus (the involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles)?
conditioning of a fear response
If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Rogers called:
conditions of worth
A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive, and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:
conduct disorder
When children reach school age, therapists often use a family intervention called parent management training to help treat which problem?
conduct disorder
The two childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial personality disorder are:
conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Children with _________ and an accompanying ________ disorder apparently have a heightened risk of developing antisocial personality disorder.
conduct disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Dr. martin just asked a potential client to talk about herself.....there are a few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just
conducted an unstructured interview.
Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable, they are called ______ variables.
confounding
Of the following groups of people, which receives the least trust from society?
congressional members
DSM5 tried to ensure the validity of the new edition by using all of the following procedures except
consulting with clinical advisors
the group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under investigation is called the:
control group
A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be:
conversion disorder
Obesity and lack of exercise have been linked MOST closely to which of the following psychophysiological disorders?
coronary heart disease
A psychologist wanted to accept a client with whom he had previously had a sexual relationship. According to ethical guidelines, the psychologist:
couldn't see the patient
who makes the final decision as to whether or not a person may be tried by the judicial system
courts
Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:
creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation.
An iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a condition in which the baby has a dwarflike appearance and a defective thyroid gland. This disorder is called:
cretinism
if a person accused of a crime is found not guilty by reason of insanity, he or she is committed to a psychiatric facility for treatment. this is called
criminal commitment
Depletion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine has been implicated as a:
critical factor in Alzheimer's disease.
An adult frequently displays symptoms of depression at home, but seldom does so at work. in this case clinical observation of this person at home would lack
cross situational validity
the MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their
cultural fairness
someone who experiences a half dozen alternations between mild mania and mild depression within a year it is classified as
cyclothymia
research in positive psychology shows that which of the following are known increase personal happiness?
daily meditation and keeping a gratitude journal
Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not:
dangerous
a person who had a serious mental illness and was in need of treatment could, nevertheless, not be civilly committed unless that person was also
dangerous to themselves or others
According to Edwin Shneidman, people who are ambivalent about their intent to die and whose actions leading to death do not guarantee death (e.g., swimming in shark-infested waters) are called:
death darers
Knowing she was terminally ill, Bonnie swallowed a handful of barbiturates in order to save herself and her family from the final painful months of life. Bonnie is an example of what Edwin Shneidman refers to as a:
death initiator
the MOST accurate of the following statements about the effectivness of pyschological debreifing in the aftermath of a disater is:
debriefing doesn't work too welll it might even make victims worse
Which of the following is a negative effect of cannabis use?
decrease in fertility
Research prompted by the "black box" controversy about using second-generation antidepressants with younger patients shows that taking second-generation antidepressants:
decreases younger patient suicide rates overall, although some individuals are more likely to commit suicide.
In using the insanity plea, the burden of proof to prove insanity rests with the:
defendant
according to our legal system, what is necessary for a person to be punished for a crime
defendants must be responsible for a crime and capable of defending themselves
in using the insanity plea, the burden of proof to prove sanity or insanity ordinarily rests with the
defense
According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when:
defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety
If an individual has damage to the prefrontal cortex, which of the following symptoms would MOST likely be observed?
deficits in planning, self-control, and decision making
The policy of releasing patients from public mental hospitals was known as:
deinstitutionalization.
Which is not one of the broad categories of an autism spectrum disorder?
delinquent type behaviors
A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called:
delirium
Incorrect diagnosis of _______ may contribute to a high rate of death for older people with the disorder.
delirium
Which of the following psychotic disorders is described by your author as increasing in prevalence as people age?
delusional disorder
Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from:
delusions of persecution
Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening news (TV) is speaking directly (and personally) to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the man. He is suffering from:
delusions of reference
Someone who has AIDS is also at risk for developing:
dementia
The paradigm or model adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior would have been:
demonlogical
the paradigm or model adopted by people in the middle ages to explain abnormal behavior would have been
demonological
A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and ongoing need to be taken care of is:
dependent personality disorder
Psychodynamic explanations for dependent personality disorder are very similar to those for:
depression
electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)is used most often in the treatment of:
depression
imagine that you are a therapist treating another therapist for a disorder. what is the therapist most likely to exhibit
depression
imagine that you are doing an ABAB reversal design study in which you are measuring level of depression with and without the addition of an exercise program. what is the first A in the study
depression
which of the following is not true of the correlation between marriage and depression
depression is about as common among those who are widowed as those separated or divorced
You are treating another therapist for a disorder. What is the therapist you are treating MOST likely to exhibit?
depression or anxiety
The role of a clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology is to:
detect, assess, and treat abnormal patterns of functioning.
Case studies are useful for all of the following EXCEPT:
determining general laws of behavior
Deciding that a clients psychological problems represent a particular disorder called
diagnosis
deciding that a clients psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called
diagnosis
One very interesting study investigated the physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder, and the physiological responses of the "subpersonalities" of those instructed to fake dissociative identity disorder. The study showed that the physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder:
differed from one another, but the subpersonalities of those faking dissociative identity disorder did not.
research study on a group of kids with autism...... which of the following is the BEST example of a confounding variable?
differences between the parents and teachers
Which of the following convinces researchers that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder?
differences in the brain circuitry in the two disorders
Alzheimer's is a brain _______ while stroke is a brain _______.
disease; injury
People who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especially of an upsetting nature, are MOST likely experiencing:
dissociative amnesia
people who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especailly of an upsetting nature, are MOST likely experiencing:
dissociative amnesia
Problems in memory and related cognitive processes occurring without organic causes are known as:
dissociative disorders
Of the following disorders, the one for which an individual would least likely need therapy to avoid a recurrence and to recover lost memories is:
dissociative fugue
a person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for living BEST fits which of the following definitions of abnormality?
distress
In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in:
divorced people
The MOST accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychologists generally:
do not accept one definition of abnormality, and practice more than one form of treatment.
in preporation for a study of the effectiveness of an anti schizophrenia drug.....this is an example of
double blind design
A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when none exists . which design would prevent this problem?
double-blind
A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when none exists. Which design would prevent this problem?
double-blind
GABA is related to:
doubling the speed of neuronal firing
If a clinician focused on where you placed your drawing on the page, the size of the drawing and the parts you omitted, you MOST likely took which of the following tests
draw-a-person
Which two treatment modalities are most commonly applied for ADHD.
drug and behavioral therapy
Which of the following treatment approaches is of limited help for sufferers of paranoid personality disorder?
drug therapy
The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:
drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.
three types of biological treatments used today
drug therapy, psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy
If a therapist has a client who is threatening to kill another person, the therapist must inform that other person because of the ethical principle of:
duty to protect
a therapist who broke confidentiality with a patient without the patient's consent because of fears that the person would harm someone else was acting according to the ethical principle of
duty to protect
if a therapist has a client who is threatening to kill another person, the therapist must inform that other person because of the ethical principle of
duty to protect
Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?
dysfunction
which aspect of the definition of abnormality included the inability to care for oneself and work productivley?
dysfunction
a mood disorder in which the person experiences depressed mood for most of the day for more days than not and indicated either by subjective acct or observation by others is
dysthymi
Which of the following do NOT belong together in terms of Internet use and potential behavioral disorders?
e-mail use and depression
Studies show that errors in diagnosis MOST commonly involve information gathered:
early in the assessment process, and in a hospital setting.
The exact repetition of phrases spoken by others is known as:
echolalia.
Recently the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that:
effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin as well as dopamine.
in an emergency, if a person is clearly suicidal or homicidal because of hallucinations and delusions, that person can be involuntarily committed by
emergency commitment
Extential view
emphasis on self determination, choice, and individual responsibility; focuses on authenticity
Peter is having trouble coping with his financial problems and is getting depressed about them. he seeks out someone at his company who helps by counseling employees on such issues and tries to intercept problems before they get out of hand. peter is seeking help from
employee assistance program
Repeated involuntary defecating into one's clothing is known as:
encopresis.
Sohila has been deteriorating for more than a year. She is always tired (she does not sleep), she is losing weight (she eats poorly), she is sad, feels terrible, and feels like it will never get any better. When asked, it is clear that nothing in particular has happened. Based on these data, the diagnosis MOST likely would be:
endogenous depression.
If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be:
enmeshed
From which of the following pairs of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood?
enuresis and encopresis
Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes is known as:
enuresis.
Someone who believes that experiences teach us early in life that certain objects are legitimate sources of fear represents the _______ explanation of the development of phobias.
environmental
Describing the number of cases of mental retardation in the children of older mothers in 2005 would be a legitimate goal for an ____study
epidemilogical
Describing the number of cases of mental retardation in the children of older mothers in 2005 would be a legitimate goal for a(n) ______ study.
epidemiological
The form of correlational research that seeks to find how many new cases of a disorder occur in a grip in a given time period is termed
epidemiological (incidence)
The form of correlational research that seeks to find how many new cases of a disorder occur in a group in a given time period is termed:
epidemiological (incidence).
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in either low or high levels?
estrogen
therapies that have received clear research support are called
evidence based
a clinical psychologist you know says... how do i decide on the best treatment? simple, I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy. and follow their advice. this clinical psychologist believes in using
evidence based treatment
the use of exoercism in early socieies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was causes by:
evil spirits
Hypertension is more common among African Americans than among white Americans. Psychosocial stressors that can explain this difference include all of the following EXCEPT:
evolutionary factors, making African Americans more susceptible to hypertension
According to DSM-5 one must demonstrate which of the following set of symptoms in order to be diagnosed with General Anxiety Disorder?
excessive worry for three months, restlessness, behavior changes, distress
What were once referred to as frigidity and impotence are dysfunctions that occur during the ______ phase of sexual arousal.
excitement
If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was:
exhibiting a typical reaction
"Humans are born with freedom, yet do not 'naturally' strive to reach their full growth potential." The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be:
existential
People with one anxiety disorder are MOST likely to:
experience another anxiety disorder too.
People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to
experience another anxiety disorder too.
People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to:
experience another anxiety disorder, too.
A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. The doctor who examined him found that the man was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. The man is MOST likely:
experiencing a factitious disorder.
According to DSM-5, someone who initiates sexual contact with children is:
experiencing a paraphilia regardless of how troubled the individual may be.
A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who has symptoms of derealization is:
experiencing reduced responsiveness
a research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulations effect on another variable is observed is called
experiment
[paragraph: Research] in the accompanying study, group A is the
experimental group
Which of the following might be an example of an analogue experiment?
exposing lab rats to high levels of stress and having human participants live in a simulated mental hospital would each be an example of an analogue experiment
which of the following might be an example of an analogue experiment
exposing lab rats to high stress levels and having human participants live in a simulated mental hospital would each be an example of an analogue experiment
Imagine that you have a body dysmorphic disorder centered around your feet. Your therapist keeps reminding you of your ugly feet and makes you wear sandals. What sort of treatment is your therapist MOST likely using?
exposure and response prevention
A combat veteran undergoing "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" is experiencing:
exposure therapy
changes in body image among African American women and amog women in non-westernized cultures support the idea that ___ has/have a strong influence on body image
exposure to white US culture
If a study's findings generalize beyond the immediate study to other persons and situations, then the study has:
external validity
One of the problems with animal research is the question of whether the results can apply to human beings. This is a question of
external validity
One of the problems with animal research is the question of whether the results can apply to human beings. This is a question of:
external validity
Darius thinks that his poor performance in math was due to a bad teacher, but he believes that he is good in language-based subjects. He is sure that he will do better next year. This is an example of ______ attribution.
external, specific, unstable
If, after conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone (without the unconditioned stimulus), it will eventually stop eliciting the conditioned response through a process called:
extinction
If a physician believes that a patient's disorder is due to hidden needs, repression, or reinforcement, then the patient may receive a diagnosis of:
factitious disoder
An elderly person has been diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, but the disorder is not Alzheimer's disease. Among the elderly, such a diagnosis is:
fairly common—about a third of neurocognitive disorders are not Alzheimer's disease.
Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came larger from:
family pedigree studies
Fear differs from anxiety in that:
fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general.
Which of the following is an example of a specific social anxiety?
fear of public speaking
"Litigaphobia" and "litigastress"
feat of being sued
if you become a therapist and are like the majority of therapists, you will
feel threatened by patient and experience emotional distress
Which of the following is the BEST example of "reduced responsiveness" as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder?
feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities
Someone who is experiencing "doubling" is:
feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her.
Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia are in response to:
feelings of demoralization
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of mass murderers?
feelings of persecution and desire for revenge
Those who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:
female, or low-income individiuals
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in:
fetal alcohol syndrome
What is the term for the use of and attraction to inanimate objects as a preferred method of achieving sexual excitement?
fetish
consequences of anorexia nervose include all of the floowing EXECPT
fever and high blood pressure
If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the United States, your therapy will last for
fewer than 5 sessions
Hypoactive sexual desire may include all of the following except:
finding sexual activity repulsive
according to freud, _______ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.
fixation
Your fear of spiders is debilitating because you are an entomologist. To treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in:
flooding
Dissociative fuges usually:
follow a stressful event
the APA code of ethics states that sexual relationships between a psychologist and client are
forbidden
If someone is interested in pursuing a career in a field that combined mental health and the legal and judicial systems, you should direct that person toward:
forensic psychology
if someone was interested in pursuing a career in a field that combined mental health and the legal and judicial systems, you should direct that person toward
forensic psychology
Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with:
fragile x syndrome
Which of the following abnormal chromosomal situations does not cause Down syndrome?
fragile x syndrome
if a person had an anxiety disorder, one would suspect a problem with which of these neurotransmitters?
gamma-aminobutyric
If someone felt assigned to the wrong sex and identified with the other gender, that person would MOST likely receive a diagnosis of:
gender dysphoria
Which of the following have cases of conduct disorder NOT been linked to?
genetic and biological factors
Judgments of abnormality depend on _______________ as well as on cultural norms.
geography
The field of psychology that is dedicated to the mental health of the elderly is called:
geropsychology
"Relational aggression" is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among:
girls diagnosed with conduct disorder.
compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have
greater reliability and greater validity
if a mentally ill person committed murder, was convicted and sent to prison, but was also given treatment while in prison, that person probably lived in a state that had a ____ option
guilty but mentally ill
imagine that you are an attorney and that your client has been sentenced to prison with the proviso that he or she will also receive psychological treatment. your client has received a verdict known as
guilty but mentally ill
In which of the following defenses is mental instability considered an extenuating circumstance in a crime?
guilty with diminished capacity
if a mentally ill person committed murder, but was convicted of committing manslaughter, that person probably lived in a state that had a ____ option
guilty with diminished capacity
Helen was just discharged from a public mental health facility. She went to live with a group of other former patients in a group-living arrangement. There were staff members to help out but the former patients controlled most of the day-to-day activities. Helen's living arrangement is a:
halfway house
The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that:
hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief.
the perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called:
hallucinosis
Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be:
harsh and cruel
Civil commitment is for a person who
has been forced to undergo mental health treatment
If your parent has just been diagnosed with essential hypertension, you know that the physician thinks your parent's hypertension:
has both physical and psychological causes
Support for the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy:
has increased in recent years.
if one were studying the hypothesis that people with high levels of stress are more likely to get cancer and wanted to include a matched control group that group would
have a low level of stress
Current research suggests that those who experience severe stress:
have abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol following the trauma
If you are the typical therapist, you:
have been sexually attracted to a client but not had a sexual relationship with a client
Generally speaking, social network users:
have close relationships and support from others
Compared to projective tests, personality inventories
have higher validity
Compared to projective tests, personality inventories:
have higher validity
If one were studying the hypothesis that people with high levels of stress are MORE likely to get cancer and wanted to include a matched control group, that group would:
have low levels of stress
A woman being treated for postpartum depression after the birth of her first child is most likely to:
have up to a 50% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child.
one hundred psychiatric patients were assigned to two groups......what could be a potential confound in this study?
having the drug group be inpatients and the placebo group be outpatients
A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing and he experiences distress over this. MOST likely, that person would be diagnosed as:
having transvestic disorder.
merv got into a fight and killed his opponent. when he went to trial, he had a mental breakdown. he did not know where he was and had hallucinations. he was unable to answer questions. he is likely to be sent to a mental institution because
he is unstable to understand the trial procedure and defend himself
A man killed a stranger in a fit of rage when he heard voices telling him that the stranger was about to destroy the Earth and must be stopped. The killer is likely to be sent to a mental institution because:
he was mentally unstable at the time of the crime
During his first night in the detoxification unit, Quent developed what seemed like a case of the flu. He ached all over and had diarrhea. He was probably withdrawing from:
heroin
Which is not a description of the three clusters of DSM-5 personality disorders?
high degree of learned helplessness
Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a genetic predisposition for unipolar depression. These studies have found:
high rates of unipolar depression among dizygotic twins but not among monozygotic twins.
a new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time for people but very few people have taken the test and accurate norms don't exist. the test has
high reliability but inadequate standardization
The data from studies of the biological and adoptive parents of children who receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia as adults show that the concordance rate of schizophrenia with biological relatives is:
higher than with adoptive relatives
Twisted protein fibers are found within the cells of the ____________ and other brain areas of people who died from Alzheimer's disease.
hippocampus
Which of the personality disorders was once called "hysterical personality disorder" and involves individuals who are typically described as emotionally charged and seeking to be the center of attention?
histrionic
When the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of:
histrionic personality disorder.
Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT:
hormonal functioning (do focus on genetic factors, ion activity, and neurotransmitter activity)
Which of the following aspects of Type A personality make a person MOST vulnerable to heart disease?
hostility and time urgency
if you consulted a pro anorexia site on the internet you would learn about
how to be a better anorexic
according to the ______ model, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness & growth.
humanistic
the model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values & choices in behavior is the
humanistic - existential model
when we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life, and with the value they find in living. a psychologist from which background would agree most strongly with this statement?
humanistic - existntial
"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would most likely be offered by:
humanistic theorists.
according to ____, the self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning.
humanists
The MOST common of the following psychophysiological disorders is:
hypertension
The statement or prediction that we make about a potential causal relationship in a proposed study is called the:
hypothesis
a friend says to you, "I just think the red sox win more games on Tuesdays then on any other day" although your friend's statement is not very scientific, it is a
hypothesis
Jeff's left arm suddenly went numb. His physician was unable to find a physical cause of the problem. Jeff is apparently suffering from what the ancient Greek physicians called:
hysteria
____________ personality disorder was formerly a name for histrionic personality disorder.
hysterical
A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology is called:
idiographic
A study of a single person that is used to explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ____approach
idiographic
A study of a single person used to explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ______ approach.
idiographic
The major focus of a clinical practitioner when dealing with a new client is to gather what type of information
idiographic
the Durham test judges a person not to be criminally responsible if he or she has acted
if the action was the product of a mental disease or defect
Ideally, critical incident stress debriefing occurs:
immediately, and is short-term
Research indicates that eyewitness testimony is:
impaired by events of the crime
Early home intervention programs for those in the "mild" intellectual developmental disordercategory:
improve both overall functioning, and later performance in school and in adulthood.
A person with Alzheimer's disease is taking a drug designed to affect acetylcholine and glutamate and may experience:
improvement both in short-term memory and in ability to cope under pressure.
"I can't help myself. I had to do it," would likely be a successful insanity defense:
in fewer than half of the states in the United States
if you were interested in securing a civil commitment for someone you cared about, you would have to show clearly that the person
in need of treatment and dangerous to themselves or others
A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention in order to actually confront snakes as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ________ technique.
in vivo
The number of new cases of a disorder in a population that emerge in a particular time interval is called the
incidence
Antidepressants that are effective in treatment obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to:
increase serotonin actively in the brain
which of the following typifies post traumatic stress disorder
increased arousal, anxiety and guilt
Which of the following is most typical of posttraumatic stress disorder?
increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt
Which of the following is typical of posttraumatic stress disorder?
increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt
which of the following factors leads to increased respect for assessment and diagnosis?
increased assessment research
Cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder focuses on:
increasing the client's tolerance of emotional discomfort and building up his or her self- image.
Unlike the correlational method and the experimental method, the case study provides
individual information
today, the cost of direct mental health services is mostly paid by
individuals to private insurance companies
in the workplace, psychological problems are estimated to contribute most to
industrial accidents
The effect of norepinephrine and corticosteroids on a body experiencing stress is:
initially to stimulate the immune system, then to inhibit it
In the case of Foucha v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court ruled that the only acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether they are still:
insane
in the case of Foucha v. Louisiana , the supreme court ruled that the only acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether or not they are still
insane
Which treatment approach is more likely to strengthen juvenile delinquent behavior than to help reduce it?
institutionalization
Which is not an area listed in the DSM-5 as required to be affected by a personality disorder?
intelligence
Binet and simon are known for their work in creating an
intelligence test
Which category of clinical tests tends to have the BEST standardization, reliability, and validity?
intelligence tests
which category or clinical tests tends to have the BEST standardization, reliability and validity?
intelligence tests
Which of the following is an example of malingering?
intentionally faking a back problem to avoid military service
Studies of patterns of teenage sexual behavior today compared to such behavior a generation ago show today's teens having:
intercourse younger, and using condoms more.
If a particular study of alcoholism failed to control for cultural patterns in drinking among participants, the study would have low
internal validity
A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her is her own fault, that she ruins everything, and always will. The therapist diagnoses her as suffering from a learned helplessness induced depression because she attributes negative events in her life to:
internal, global, stable factors
Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists is MOST like the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis?
interpersonal loss
a woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should have a career or stay at home ft and take care of kids is experiencing
interpersonal role dispute
a panel of psychologist and psychiatrist evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high
interrater reliability
Based on the evidence about suicide rates, which of the following intervention strategies should prevent the MOST suicides?
intervention focused on middle-aged adults—they have a fairly high suicide rate, and it is rising relatively rapidly
Retrospective analysis of suicide typically would include:
interviews with people who knew the person who committed suicide.
A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:
irrational assumptions
A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving in all possible aspects is displaying:
irrational assumptions
If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not that way I want them, I am displaying basic:
irrational assumptions
If a man walked in on his wife in bed with his best friend and killed both of them in a "fit of passion," that man may be eligible for an insanity defense under the:
irresistable impulse test
if a man walked in on his wife in bed with his best friend and killed the friend and the wife in a fit of "passion", that man would be eligible for an insanity defense under the
irresistible impulse test
Rex beat the guy to within an inch of his life. in court REX claimed that he was forced to do it. he just exploded. he was not in control of himself. under which "insanity" standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity
irresistible impulsive test
In a graph of a correlational study, the line of best fit
is a close as possible to all points in the graph
A study includes 60 people suffering from an ordinary headache. Twenty get aspirin, 20 get a sugar pill that looks like aspirin, and 20 get nothing at all. In 65 percent of the aspirin group, the headache disappears. In the other two groups the "cure" rates are 35 and 5 percent, respectively. Other than the drug condition, the participants are treated identically. This study:
is an experimental study
Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy:
is generally limited to case studies
One of the drawbacks of exposure and response prevention as a therapy is that it:
is less effective with clients with obsessions but no compulsions
behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:
is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety
Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:
is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.
Defining abnormal behavior, using "the four Ds":
is still often vague and subjective
Which of the following is a limitation of the case study?
it does not result in high external validity
You see a video on YouTube designed to uplift and encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. It is probably part of a program called:
it gets better
A defendant is considering hiring a psychologist to help select a "friendly" jury for an upcoming trial. Research has shown that:
it is not clear whether a psychologist's judgment is more valid or accurate
which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression
it nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60% of the cases
which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression
it nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60% of the cases
all of the following are merits of the correlational method EXCEPT
it provides individual information
all of the following are merits of the correlational method EXCEPT:
it provides individual information
Which of the following is true of the correlation coefficient?
it ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variables
How does an MRI make a picture of the brain?
it relies on the magnetic properties of the atoms in the cells scanned
Which of the following statements about the DSM-V, the most widely used classification system of mental disorders, is FALSE?
it uses dimensional information
all of the following about lithium as a treamnt for biopolar disorder are true, EXCEPT
it worsens depressive symptoms
studies show that if you want the MOST accurate assessment of a psychological disorder, what is better, judgements or clinicians or models and actural tables
judgements of computer models and actuarial tables. they are about 10 percent more accurate.
David Rosenhan sent "pseudopatients" to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. The results led him to conclude that ______ greatly impacts mental illness.
labeling
Anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental disorder, involves brain damage resulting from:
lack of oxygen during or after delivery.
personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:
learn about unconcious conflicts in the client
Personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:
learn about unconscious conflicts in the client.
a woman who was frequently but unpredictably beaten by her husband was finally taking to a shelter by the police. while there she did not take advantage of the educational and job opps. how would cognitive therapist describe her
learned helplessness
a functional analysis involves
learning about a persons behaviors
If a patient is assigned to a community mental health center inpatient facility instead of a mental hospital, the decision makers are applying the principle of:
least restrictive environment
All of the following are examples of ways in which social institutions limit a person's mental health care EXCEPT:
legal protection of patients' rights and confidentiality
A friend of yours is required to take a polygraph test as part of a job application. This requirement is:
legal; in fact, in some employment categories, polygraph use may be on the increase.
a friend of yours is required to tai a polygraph test as a part of a job application. this requirement is
legal; in fact, in some employment categories, polygraph use may be on the increase.
the definition of "insanity" used in legal cases was written by
legislators, not clinicians
A person diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder receives treatment based upon exposure and response prevention. The person could reasonably expect to experience:
less concern about physical defects, and less avoidance of social interactions.
Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are:
less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, and less likely to receive effective treatment.
Compared to those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developed countries are:
less likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized.
In mindfulness-based therapy techniques, you would be MOST likely to find clients:
letting their thoughts flow, without judgment.
A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the researcher may be confident that
life stress and depression related
If you are a minority, you are:
likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy.
According to "intolerance of uncertainty theory," those with generalized anxiety disorder are:
likely to overestimate the chances that any negative even will occur
According to "intolerance of uncertainty theory," those with generalized anxiety disorder are:
likely to overestimate the chances that any negative event will occur.
a friend says to you, i wonder how likely i am to qualify for DSM diagnosis
likely. almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis
____ is the most widely used antibipolar drug
lithium
a young woman swings between periods of bottomless depression and high flying enthusiasm. she never hits the middle and her physician recommends
lithium
"Cluster suicides" may involve high suicide rates among those:
living on certain Native-American reservations.
After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims later could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from what type of amnesia?
localized
if researchers studied vietnam veterans for 30 years after the veterans return from vietnam the study would be:
longitudinal
"Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." Such speech illustrates which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?
loose associations
Psychodynamic therapists believe that people with histrionic personality disorder are trying to defend against a deep-seated fear of:
loss
Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:
low levels of seretonin
Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "odd" cluster. Based on another structured interview of the same type, Diagnostician B classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "dramatic" cluster. If what is described here is typical of what happens when that variety of structured interview is used, one would say the structured interview has:
low reliability and low validity
A teammate of a basketball player says, "Congratulations on making those game-winning free throws. Weren't you bothered by the fans waving their arms behind the basket?" The basketball player replies, "Thanks. I felt a little nervous, but to tell the truth, I didn't even notice the fans." MOST likely, the player who made the foul shots has:
low situational and trait anxiety
an assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad in order to try to measure tendencies toward depression. however, individuals report wide variation from day to day in terms of the number of sad episodes they record. this assessment tool has
low test- retest reliability and high face validity
An assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad, in order to try to measure tendencies toward depression. However, individuals report wide variation from day to day in terms of the number of "sad" episodes they record. This assessment tool has:
low test-retest reliability, and high face validity.
Compare to white Americans and African Americans, Hispanic Americans have:
lower rates of high blood pressure and lower rates of high cholesterol
Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a:
lower socioeconomic level
The generic term for the white blood cells that react to foreign invaders in the body is:
lymphocytes
Which of the following has the goal of reducing the cost of mental health services?
managed care
A therapist who is worried that her clients will receive short-term care rather than more promising long-term treatment, and that confidential treatment reports will be read by others, is concerned about:
managed care programs
a therapist who was worried that patients would receive less costly short-term care rather than more promising long-term treatment, would have treatment monitored by an insurance employee rather than a therapist, and would have confidential treatment reports read by others, is concerned about
managed care programs
the type of system that many health insurance companies have set up to try to curtail expenses associated with providing treatment is referred to as
managed care programs
A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:
mania
a state of breathless euphoria, a frenzied energy, in which people have an exaggerated belief in their power describes
mania
a state of euphoria, or frezied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belifer in their power describes :
mania
imagine that a witness says he or she is absolutely certain that the defendant is the one who committed the crime. what is the most likely true about the witness's certainty
manipulative and highly intelligent
Adolescent suicides differ from suicides at other age levels in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:
many experience significant loss before the suicide.
in the past, people with mental disorders were less likely than those without mental disorders to commit violent or dangerous acts. why do we think that is
many of these individuals lived in institutions
a recent study of informed consent forms showed that
many research participants don't understand them
A flash mob is MOST similar to:
mass madness
a psychologist wanted to accept a client with whom he had previously had a sexual relationship. according to ethical guidelines, the psychologist
may not treat patient he or she has had sex with
Which was one of the different mental disorders described by ancient Greeks and Romans?
melancholia
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is MOST common among:
men with jobs
the case of O'Connor v donaldson resulted in the ruling that
mental hospitals must review their patients' cases periodically
Cognitive theory
mental illness is caused by mental processes including maladaptive thoughts, perceptions, & memory; difficulty problem solving; believed that if he could change the way that the person thought then he could change the way that the person behaved
Behavior that is psychologically abnormal is called all but which of the following?
mental instability (it is called psychotherapy, mental illness, emotional disturbance)
in recent years, public advocates for those with mental disorders have turned their attention to the rights of ____ to receive treatment
mental patients in community
In recent years, public advocates for those with mental disorders have turned their attention to the rights of _______ to receive treatment
mental patients in the community
an interviewer who asks a client where are you now? why are you here? and who are you? is probably conducting a
mental status exam
The treatment mechanism associated with touching a troubled area of a patient's body with a special rod was:
mesmerism
in order to study general effectiveness in treatment smith and glass and their colleagues performed a
meta analysis of many studies
A patient who treats severe pain by meditating, paying attention to her thoughts and sensations, but remaining nonjudgmental is engaging in:
mindfulness meditation
patienst who perform work in mental institutions, particularly private institutions, are guaranteed _____ for that work
minimum wage
the only test among the following this is not a projective test is the
minnesota multiphastic personality inventory
The test with the highest validity in identifying psychological disturbances is the:
mmpi
Animals and humans learn without reinforcement. They learn just by watching. This form of learning is called:
modeling
Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:
modeling
Harry is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home. During his therapy, his therapist demonstrated how to handle them. This is a form of therapy based on:
modeling
Imagine that you are being treated for a social anxiety disorder. Your therapist watches you act out a social scene, points out what you did correctly and incorrectly, and praises you for what you did well. Which behavioral technique did your therapist NOT use?
modeling
One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called:
modeling
animals and human can learn without reinforcement. they learn just by watching this form of learning is called:
modeling
If you were afraid of dogs and your therapist treated you by interacting with dogs while you watched, you would be receiving:
modeling.
One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called:
modeling.
One of the subpersonalities of a person receiving treatment for dissociative identity disorder has just become a "protector." How far along in therapy has the person probably progressed?
moderately far because a protector usually emerges before subpersonality integration
disorders marked by sever disturbances of mood cause people to feel extremely happy and inappropriately sad or elated for extended periods of time are
mood disorders
Superego
morality principle; conscience, unconsciously adopted from out parents
A personality change that often accompanies dissociative fugues is that people become:
more outgoing
various obstacles interfere with the study of abnormal psychology. all of the following are examples EXCEPT
most clinicians oppose the scientific study for their discipline
electroconvulsive therapy is
most effective with severe depression
DSM 5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is
most widely used in the united states
marijunana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users around the year 2000 because the marijuana available in the 1960 had:
much less THC
the currenlty accepted view of eating disorders is that its cause is:
multidimensional
What disorder has been described as a use of self-hypnosis?
multiple personality disorder
len killed a man in a fit of rage. his voices told him that the man was about to destroy the earth and the man must be stopped. len is likely to be sent to a mental institution because
mutually unstable at the time of the crime
People with ___________ personality disorder are generally grandiose, need much admiration, and feel no empathy with others.
narcissistic
The diagnostic features of which of the following personality disorder bear the greatest similarity to people who are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (social phobia)?
narcissistic
"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be:
narcissistic personality disorder.
Although lying, even compulsive lying, is not considered a psychological disorder, it is sometimes characteristic of people with:
narcissistic personality disorder.
Ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing:
narcissistic personality disorder.
a frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing
narcostics
Jan is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid that behavior. If her fear is judged to be phobic, the most accurate diagnosis would be:
narrow social phobia.
to form of experiment used most often to study the psychological effects of unusual or unpredictable events is
natural
which of the following would be the best design to study the effects of disasters on survivors?
natural experiment
The white blood cells that destroy infected body cells are called:
natural killer T-cells
A therapist preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch the clients in their every day environment and record their activities and behaviors, This approach is
naturalist observation
a therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and recor their activities and behaviors. this approach is known as:
naturalistic observation
Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal, are all examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.
negative
a researcher find individuals who report large numbers of hassels in their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. those who report fewer hassles generally report lower levels of stress. the correlation between number of hassles and stress level is:
negative
A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures glavancis skin responses and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. This type of clinical test being used is
neurophysiciological
the assessment interment MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the
neuropsychological test
If you wanted to be on the cutting edge of research regarding the causes of bipolar disorders as we understand them today, you would MOST likely do research on which of the following?
neurotransmitters in the brain
According to cognitive theorists, compulsive acts serve to
neutralize
Advantages of atypical antipsychotic drugs over conventional medications include:
newer medications produce fewer extrapyramidal effects.
A friend of yours has just been diagnosed with a dyssomnia. Your friend's particular diagnosis could be any of the following EXCEPT:
nightmare disorder
Someone you know has "tanorexia," and constantly tries to achieve a darker complexion through sun and tanning booth exposure. The MOST accurate diagnosis for this person is:
no diagnosis; "tanorexia" is not yet considered a DSM disorder
studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that:
no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse
Studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that:
no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse.
As opposed to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. the approach of clinical researchers is
nomothetic
Experiments are consistent with the ______ approach.
nomothetic
General principles that explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior are called:
nomothetic
experiments are consistent with the____approach
nomothetic
When nonwhite defendants, compared to white defendants, are evaluated for competence to stand trial:
nonwhite defendants are more likely to be found incompetent to stand trial
Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?
norepinephrine
The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:
norms
If a court decides that a defendant is mentally unstable, the defendant will:
not be punished in the usual way
How difficult is it for a typical person to buy an intelligence test or view Rorschach cards?
not difficult at all; one can buy intelligence test and view cards online
Someone you know has just been diagnosed with an adjustment disorder. You can be reasonably sure that this person's disorder is:
not normal, but less severe than acute distress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder
a present day clinician uses terms like demetia and mental retardation for diagnostic categories. that clinician is using terms
not used in the DSM 5 but the previous DSM
If an epidemiological study shows that eating disorders are more common in Western countries than in eastern ones, we can appropriately conclude
nothing about the cause of such a finding
a clinician who is using naturalistic observation would be MOST likely to do which of the following?
observe parent-child interactions in the family home
the knowledge that a person a clinician is about to interview has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to
observer bias
In modeling, the client:
observes the therapist confronting the feared object.
Betty has serious, persistent doubts as to whether her gas stove is turned off. This is an example of a(n)
obsession
Jethro hates his mother in law and cant seem to stop imagining her lying in a pool, in pieces. These thoughts are interfering with his daily life style. He is showing
obsessive images
The cluster of "anxious" personality disorders includes avoidant, dependent, and __________ personality disorders.
obsessive-compulsive
More women than men experience all of the following disorders EXCEPT:
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Immediate stressors particularly common among those who attempt suicide include all the following EXCEPT:
occupational stress
Research indicates that eyewitness testimony is:
often unreliable
The burden of proof in an insanity case is usually:
on the defense attorneys to prove the defendant is insan
a heroin overdose is more likely to occur when:
one gradually, but consistently takes larger doses of heroin
Which of the following people would never have to stand trial for a crime he or she might have committed?
one judged not guilty by reason of insanity
Which of the following people is experiencing the MOST stress as measured by the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?
one whose spouse has just died
Juanita has multiple personality disorder. Big Tony and Smart Alice are two personalities who are aware of all of the others. None of her other personalities are aware of each other. This would be called a:
one-way amnesic relationship.
Agoraphobia is the fear of:
open spaces or crowds
The drug that, when misused, would MOST quickly result in dependence or addiction would be:
opium
Children who argue repeatedly with adults, lose their temper, ignore rules and requests, and blame others for their mistakes and problems might best be diagnosed with:
oppositional defiant disorder.
according to Freud's psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the:
oral stage
Early onset Alzheimer's disease may be brought on by all but:
orbital difficulties
according to aaron becks cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is _________, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
overgeneralization
when Jose did not get the job, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. this thought is an example of:
overgeneralization
If a child with conduct disorder displays openly aggressive and confrontational behaviors, which pattern of the disorder would that child be displaying?
overt-destructive
Rosa's heart was racing (from the four cups of coffee she had just finished), but she thought that she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:
panic attack
Rosa's heart was racing (from the 4 cups of coffee she had just finished), but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:
panic attack.
A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:
panic disorder
every once in a while, jona feels nervous to the point of terror. it seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n):
panic disorder
Antidepressants and alprazolam (Xanax) have been found to be successful in treating:
panic disorders
The basic structure of personality may consist of five "supertraits," which do not include:
paranoia
The "odd" cluster of personality disorders consists of which personality disorders?
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?
parasympathetic nervous system
Iris has had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. she mutters a lot about being possessed. lately she has been carving her arm with a knife. you think that she requires treatment before she hurts herself any more. the authorities have a right to commit her based on the principles of
parens patriae
the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from themselves is called
parens patriae
Which would lead to the most reliable diagnosis of ADHD?
parent and teacher reports, clinical observations, interviews, psychological tests, and rating scales
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of managed care programs?
patient choice in number of sessions that therapy can last
Which group of older persons has the highest rate of problem drinking?
patients in nursing homes
if a patient is assigned to a community mental health center inpatient facility instead of a mental hospital, the decision makers are applying the principle of
patients should receive treatment from the least restrictive facility available
one of the features of alcholoics anoymous is
peer support
many states have a category of "mentally disordered sex offenders", which assigns moral responsibility to the offender. this category, which is related to the insanity defense, is based on the premise that
people who are repeatedly found guilty of certain sex crimes have a mental disorder
According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia:
people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.
As a political protest, two activists leap from a bridge in a highly publicized double suicide. Those MOST at risk for modeling these suicides are:
people with a history of emotional problems.
what must be true before a person may be tried for a crime and potentially found guilty
person must have been able to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the crime
An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior is known as a:
personality disorder
Clients check off either "applies" or "does not apply" to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a
personality inventory
Enduring and predictable behavioral consistencies are often called:
personality traits
The consistencies of one's characteristics are called:
personality traits
Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of:
phobias
systematic desensitization has been shwon to be especailly effective in the treatment of
phobias
research has supported all of the falling behavioral assumptions except that
phobias are always acquired through classical conditioning in humans
An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called
phobic disorder
A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) __________ response to stress.
physical
having frequent headaches is a
physical symptom
For me, crossing a bridge is terrifying. If you hardly notice crossing a bridge, we differ in:
physiological anxiety
a fake pill used as the control condition in a drug study is a
placebo
one important criticism of the preceding research is that it is a
placebo study
in the video
planes.
frequently, when a serial killer comes to trial, he or she makes the insanity plea. what usually happens
plea is usually overlooked
defendants who were acting irrationally and in disordered ways when they allegedly committed the crimes are most likely to
plead not guilty by reason of insanity
according to freud, the id operates in accordance with the ______ principle.
pleasure
Id
pleasure principle; instinctual needs, drives, impulses, sexual
The aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from dangerous people is called:
police power
the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from dangerous people is called
police powers
Delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect are examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive
Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive
martin seligman is an important researcher on both:
positive psychology and learned helpessness
While Type I schizophrenia is dominated by ______ symptoms, Type II schizophrenia is dominated by ______ symptoms.
positive; negative
Dorian was only 10 miles away when Mt. St. Helens exploded with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was terrified and sure he was going to die. He was terrified to the core of his being. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry, and scared. More than a year later he still has nightmares and wakes up in a cold sweat. This description BEST fits a(n):
posttraumatic stress disorder
Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade Center when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and had visions of the building falling on him. Ever since the bombing he has had periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of a:
posttraumatic stress disorder
Almost every night, Cara wakes up terrified and screaming for the boys to get off her. Two years later she still can't get the gang rape out of her mind. The fear, anxiety, and depression are ruining her life. This is an example of a(n):
posttraumatic stress reaction
a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for year after a horrible events is called:
posttraunmatic stress disorder
regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people among those who are poor, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which:
poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction
a test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. of the 100 people the test identifies 93 show signs of developing schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high
predictive validity
the rise of managed care programs for treating mental disorders has resulted in
prefer short term rather than long term improvement
What is the primary reason that people with schizoid personality disorder avoid social contact?
preference to be alone
Among the most important structures in short-term memory are the __________ lobes.
prefrontal lobes
the moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because:
prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased
In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on:
prejudice and discrimination faced by women
Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the ______ explanation of phobias.
preparedness
Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark then they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:
preparedness
The total number of cases of a disorder in the population is called the
prevalence
The total number of cases of a disorder in the population is called the:
prevalence
some states have adopted a verdict of "guilty but mentally ill". the sentence that must be given to those so convicted is
prison sentence along with needed treatment
Before the 1950s, almost all outpatient care for psychological disturbances took the form of:
private psychotherapy
According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really:
problems in living
The stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by deterioration of functioning and the display of some mild symptoms is called the:
prodmoal
The issue underlying the dispute between psychiatrists and psychologists about prescription-prescribing privileges is:
professional boundary issues
When Mark, who suffers from an autism spectrum disorder, was hungry he looked at his mother and asked "Do you want dinner?" This reversal of pronouns is referred to as:
pronominal reversal
a landmark california court case, Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, dramatically affected the right to confidentiality between client and therapist. this case led to the conclusion that
protected privilege ends where public peril begins
When new information is acquired and stored, certain _________ must be produced in key brain cells.
proteins
Insurance parity laws are concerned with:
providing equal coverage for mental and medical problems.
The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is:
psychiatric social work
Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of:
psychoanalysis
acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of:
psychoanalysis
Which theoretical model is supported by the finding that monkeys separated from their mothers at birth show signs of depression?
psychodynamic
the oldest & most famous of the modern psychological models is the ______ model.
psychodynamic
The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:
psychodynamic model
depression occurs either when a loved one is lost or when a person experiences imagined of symbolic loss. This explanation for the onset of depression is proposed by
psychodynamic theorists
Disorders that are thought to have both biological and psychosocial causes are:
psychological disorders affecting medical conditions
Relaxation training, biofeedback, meditation, and hypnosis all illustrate the use of:
psychological treatments for physical illnesses
Which of the following occupations has a particularly high rate of suicide?
psychologists
an important current distinction between psychologists and psychiatrists that is changing is that
psychologists may admit patients to state hospitals and prescribe medicine with proper certification
youssef is the kind of person who breaks laws and rules with no feeling of guilt and is emotionally shallow. he would probably score high on the MMPI-1 scale called
psychopathic deviate
a person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct psychotherapy is called a
psychopharmacologist
a psychiatrist says... i am a strong believer in a combined approach to therapy, in fact i participate in combined approaches... based on statement the most likely speciality of the psychiatrist is
psychopharmacology
a client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. the type of clinical test being used is
psychophysiological
Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called:
psychotropics
the central feature of bulimia nervosa is:
purging either by vomiting or use of laxatives
drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called:
pyschotropics
to study some gender differences a researcher selected a group of 10 men and 10 women and treated all participants exactly the same. each participant was given a test of psychological function. this study is an example of an
quasi experimental study
What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments except that they use groups that already exist instead of randomly assigning participants to control the experimental groups?
quasi-experiments
What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments except that they use groups that already exist, instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups?
quasi-experiments
One difficulty with the mentally disordered sex offender classification is that:
racial bias appears to affect who is given this classification
one difficulty with the mentally disordered sex offender classification is that
racial bias appears to effect who is given this classification
recently states have begun to abolish their sex offender laws. among the reasons they are doing this is
racial bias can effect application of the law
Not all participants are the same. Researchers use ______ to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation.
random assignment
not al participants are the same. Researchers use ____ to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation
random assignment
Combat veterans in a therapy group express a great deal of guilt and rage. MOST likely, the veterans are in a(n):
rap group
the movement that has tried to find the common strategies that good therapists use is called
rapproachment
The movement that has tried to find the common strategies that "good" therapists use is called:
rapprochement.
Monahan's research on the relationship between violent behavior and sever mental disorder shows that
rate of violent behavior and is somewhat higher in those with sever mental disorders
all of the following are biological treatments for generalized anxiety except:
rational emotive therapy
The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called:
rational-emotive therapy
The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called:
rational-emotive therapy.
Imagine that you know you are being observed and you change your behavior in order to make a good impression. This is known as:
reactivity
While someone is watching, Jennifer actually eats fewer sweets than usual. This tendency to decrease a behavior while being observed is an example of:
reactivity
imagine that you know you are being observed and you change your behavior in order to make a good impression. This is known as
reactivity
Ego
reality principle; seeks gratification but guides us to know when we can & cannot express our wishes; ego defense mechanisms protect us from anxiety
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy:
receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy:
receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder.
Members of "Mad Pride" try to:
reduce the stigmata of mental illness
Which of the following is not one of the biological factors that are common to people with schizophrenia and people with schizotypal personality disorder?
reduced activity of serotonin
which of the following is not a procedure that DSM 5 develops relied on to improve reliability
reducing substantially the number of different diagnostic categories
A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is:
reexperiencing the traumatic event
a person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having flashbacks is:
reexperiencing the traumatic event
one important issue in the relationship between the legislative and judicial systems and the mental health profession is
regulating aspects of mental care
Jason, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as:
relapse-prevention training
The technique of having a client with pedophilia identify situations in which he performs inappropriate behavior and then teaching him more appropriate coping strategies is called:
relapse-prevention training.
When children or adolescents cause a peer to be socially isolated, spread rumors about them, and manipulate their friendships, they are engaging in __________ aggression.
relational
Which of the following is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today?
relaxation therapy
Which of the following is a non drug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today
relaxation training
becuase alchol binds to neurons that normall recieve the neurotrasmitter GABA, it is not suprising that alchol:
relaxes people
dr ross and dr carman agree that suzette is suffering from post traumatic stress disorder
reliability
One of the factors that is believed to account for differences in the suicide rates of different countries is:
religious affiliation and beliefs.
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can lead to entrapment at a developmental level. This is called:
repression
Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues result from:
repression
A person who has difficulty expressing unpleasant emotions such as anger or hostility is displaying a ________ and is at greater risk for heart disease/asthma.
repressive coping style
After medical school a psychiatrist receives three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal functioning; this training is called a(n):
residency
Colin is asked to "free associate" about his mother's new husband and he responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of:
resistance
which of the following is a valid critique of the use of response inventories?
response inventories are improvised as the need arises and are not well tested
courts ask for mental health professionals to help determine if defendants are
responsible for the crime and capable of defending themselves
Dr. tim required half of a group of healthy volunteers to study a reading passage or 1 hour. The other half of the participants studied for 15 minutes. Dr. Tim then administered a test of their memory of details from the passage. what is the dependent variable?
results of the memory test
A researcher works to reduce the amount of disruptive talking a child does in school. The researcher first measures the disruptive talking frequency, then institutes treatment, while continuing to measure the behavior. Later, treatment is removed, as measurement continues. Finally the researcher re-introduces the treatment. This type of study is a:
reversal design
Which of the following is the best example of the nomothetic approach?
review of records to see if autism runs in families in general
Internal validity reflects how well a study:
rules out the effects of all variables except those being studied.
A middle-aged individual shows many of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and at the same time often appears profoundly depressed. The symptoms have lasted almost a year. This is an example of:
schizoaffective disorder
People with _________ personality disorder persistently avoid and are removed from social relationships and demonstrate little in the way of emotion.
schizoid
People with one of the "odd" clusters of personality disorders often qualify for an additional diagnosis of:
schizophrenia
Symptoms of which disorder have been found to lessen in later life?
schizophrenia
The MOST common diagnosis of those found not guilty by reason of insanity is:
schizophrenia
Which of the following illnesses is least likely to develop in later life?
schizophrenia
the most common diagnosis of those found not guilty by reason of insanity is
schizophrenia
You have found enlarged ventricles during a postmortem analysis on a sample of brain tissue. This is MOST likely to be evidence of:
schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms.
An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. That individual is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has:
schizophrenia.
People with _________ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.
schizotypal
When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely:
schizotypal personality disorder.
a recent national mental health survey of psychotherapists found that more than three-quarters of them reported being in therapy themselves at least once, and that they
seeks therapy for problems that bother others
What generally happens in the thalamus and the hypothalamus of an individual with Alzheimer's disease?
selected neurons shrink or die
an institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says the doctor claims I'm schizophrenic. how else would you expect me to act the individuals comments reflect
self fulfilling prophecy
If you believe that you can master and perform needed behaviors whenever necessary, Bandura would say that you had a positive sense of:
self-efficacy
albert bandura argued that in order to feel happy & function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of:
self-efficacy
a client reports having infrequent but extremely disturbing tactile hallucinations. The MOST useful of the following ways to gather information about this person would be to involve
self-monitoring
the person associated with the learned helplessness theory of depression:
seligman
if a court decides that a defendant is mentally unstable, the defendant will
sent to a mental institution in a process call criminal commitment
A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely:
separation anxiety disorder
although initially thought to be due to an excessive amt of particular neurotransmitters, mania is found to be due to low levels of
serotonin
A woman reports having vivid sexual fantasies, yet is unable to experience either clitoral or labial swelling, or vaginal lubrication. The MOST likely diagnosis for this woman would be:
sexual interest arousal disorder
Many states have a category of "mentally disordered sex offenders," which assigns moral responsibility to the offender. This category, which is related to the insanity defense, is based on the premise that:
sexual offenses, such as pedophilia, reflect an underlying mental disorder
Which is not a personality tendency that would be included in the new DSM-5 diagnosis that is called personality disorder trait specified (PDTS), according to your chapter?
sexual promiscuity
"Let's just do away with diagnosis," says a clinician, "all we do is make things worse." That clinician's viewpoint is:
shared by SOME of those working in the area of abnormality.
lets just do away with diagnosis says a clinician/ all we do is making things worse. that clinicians view point is
shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality
Several people with schizophrenia work at a recycling center, where on-time behavior is expected, and payment is made solely for work completed. The people do not compete with each other. MOST likely, this work takes place at a:
sheltered workshop
Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder:
shows improvement that often continues indefinitely.
which of the following is TRUE about case studies and single subject designs
single subject designs have more internal validity
Behavorists
skinner, watson, bandura
John Brown and Abraham Lincoln were labeled by some as "insane" because of their views on
slavery
Which is not given as a theory for why people with antisocial personality disorder experience less anxiety than other people?
slow EKG waves
After marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay with her Her friends visited often and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation, which probably contributed to maries coping ability after the accident, relates to
social support as a factor in her response to stress
Which of the following is BEST supported by current research?
social support stems to aid recovery in cancer patients
someone who looks at the influence of race, living conditions, marital status, and roles in development of depression would most like represent which theoretical orientation
socio cultural
"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It is difficult to get a good job unless you understand all that complicated computer junk." This complaint is consistent with a ________________ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.
sociocultural
if a clinician is particularly interested in a clients family background and community influences, MOST likely that clinicians orientation is
sociocultural
the model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a clients's family structure, societal norms, and a client's roles in society is:
sociocultural
Mild intellectual developmental disorder is linked mainly to:
sociocultural and psychological causes.
MOST cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder seem to be related to:
sociocultural and psychological factors.
the model of abnormality that examine the effects of society and culture is the:
sociocultural model
Madeline appeared at the clinic complaining of pain in her knee, shoulder, and abdomen, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and exhaustion. The patient history revealed that she had been going to clinics for years trying to get treatment for these complaints and a host of other physical symptoms. The diagnostic consensus was that Madeline suffered from:
somatic symptom disorder
Abnormalities that are thought to have both biological and psychological causes are:
somatoform disorders
Hippocrates' model of mental illness would be described as:
somatogenic
If the idea of "preparedness" is accurate, then:
some phobias should be acquired more easily than others.
Research shows that danger to self or others is found in:
some, not most, cases of abnormal functioning
Research suggests that which of the following people would be most likely NOT to develop a stress disorder following trauma?
someone who believes that events are generally under his or her control
Which of the following people would be at MOST risk of suicide?
someone who has been in poor health all their life and is no terminal
You are watching a TV show in which police call in an expert to give them a psychological profile of the murderer, whose identity is unknown. If the show reflects reality, the profile given will be:
somewhat accurate; there are several characteristics that murderers often have in common
In ___________, people with intellectual developmental disorder are grouped together in a separate, specially designated educational program.
special education
Which of the following is the BEST way to describe the growth of social media use in the past five years?
spectacular
A person who has Alzheimer's although there is no family history of the disease is said to be experiencing:
sporadic Alzheimer's.
Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:
standardization
another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is
standardization
Laurent has three subpersonalities. Jackie emerges when Laurent is in an awkward social situation, Grace surfaces during sporting events, and Carlos appears when Laurent is angry. The therapist believes that the mood and conditions under which each subpersonality appears are critical to understanding this disorder, demonstrating a belief in:
state dependent learning
The work of Dorothea Dix led to the establishment of many _____________ around the country.
state hospitals
Aa a general rule is the sample is large the difference between the group is large and the range of scores within a group is small then the results are likely to be
statistically significant
As a general rule, if the sample is large, the difference between the groups is large, and the range of scores within a group is small, then the results are likely to be:
statistically significant
a person with an anxiety disorder receives treatment. because of the treatment the persons anxiety level is lower, but he still finds it almost impossible to live a normal life. for this person, the improvement in the anxiety disorder is
statistically significant
Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The experience left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane (dog). It frightened her even though she never had a bad experience with a dog. Karen's fear of this dog is an example of:
stimulus generalization
Having to walk the dog several times a day when it is raining is an example of a:
stressor
Poor health is BEST described as a:
stressor
Recent research shows that if one identical twin develops schizophrenia, there is about a 50 percent chance the other twin will develop schizophrenia. If future research confirms this finding, we will have evidence of:
strong environmental and strong genetic components of schizophrenia.
Ivan Pavlov
studied classical conditioning using salivating dogs as subjects
when roschach testers ask questions like did the person respond to the whole picture or to specific details, and to the the coors of the white houses? they are interested in the ____ of the response
style
if you encountered someone convicted of a violent criminal offense, you could legitimately also expect to find that the person
substance abuse
Which of the following is MOST likely to impact job performance in terms of accidents, damage, and absenteeism?
substance-related disorders
DSM-5 tried to ensure the validity of the new edition by using all of the following procedures EXCEPT:
substantially decreasing the number of diagnostic categories.
all forms of therapy have 3 essential features?
sufferer, healer, series of contacts b/t healer & sufferer
According to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode, EXCEPT:
suicidal ideation
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that is the conscience is the:
superego
according to freud, the ____ is the psychological force that represents a persons conscience.
superego
In response to a threat, we prepare, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:
sympathetic nervous system
the tiny space b/t the nerve ending of one neuron & the dendrite of the other is the
synapse
Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called:
synapses
messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called:
synapses
Another term for a cluster of symptoms is
syndrome
a cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a
syndrome
while under the influence of LSD, atilda belives that she can feel the sounds around her. this effect is known as
synesthesia
While under the influence of LSD, Matilda believes that she can feel the sounds around her. This effect is known as:
synesthesia.
General paresis, an irreversible disorder that causes physical and mental symptoms including paralysis and delusions of grandeur, was found to be caused by:
syphilis
Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:
systematic desensitization
a behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias gradually learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear of objects they dread is known as:
systematic desensitization
you are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hiearchy and finally has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses
systematic desensitization
Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:
systematic desensitization.
Women who want to reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer's may benefit if they:
take estrogen for years after menopause.
Among the brain areas most important to long-term memory are the _________ lobes and the __________. frontal; cerebellum.
temporal; diencephalon
Providing treatment as soon as it is needed, so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term, is called:
tertiary prevention
Evidence for the effectiveness of self-help programs comes MOSTLY from:
testimonials from those who have gone through such a program.
Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in low, but not high levels?
testosterone
Critics of the "reuptake theory" of tricyclic antidepressant action focus on ______ to explain the mechanism by which tricyclics alleviate depressive symptoms.
the 7- to 14-day lag between the start of its blocking reuptake and its effect on depressive symptoms
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (presently DSM-5) was developed by:
the American Psychiatric Association.
Which of the following treatments for conduct disorder involves group therapy where children might work with others who have similar problems?
the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program
Which of the following is most likely to be used to assess psychological impairment following neurological damage?
the Luria-Nebraska Battery
If you went to a meeting of a group lobbying for better care for the mentally ill and made up primarily of family members of people with severe mental disorders, you would probably be attending:
the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill.
when a person has organic brain impairment, that person would most likely have difficulty
the bender visual motor gestalt test
which of the following statements about the use of projective techniques by todays clinicians is TRUE
the centrality of projective tests has declined since their introduction
Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:
the chance to get a general sense of the client.
Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many pctionerras. One particular strength of the interview process is
the change to get a general sense of the client
one limitation of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that
the client may give an overly positive picture
Who makes the final decision as to whether a person may be tried by the judicial system?
the courts
The legal system and the scientific community generally see __________ as fundamentally different
the degree of free will people have regarding their behavior
study with a new antidepressant pill....... which of the following was the independent variable of this study
the drug
Which of the following principles is MOST likely to result in a conflict with the mental health professional's obligation to maintain confidentiality for the patient?
the duty to protect
The effects of lithium were discovered during the investigation of:
the effect of toxic levels of uric acid.
The age group MOST likely to commit suicide in the United States is:
the elderly
Clinicians now recognize that one of the most important aspects of treating Alzheimer?s disease and other forms of neurocognitive disorders is to focus on:
the emotional needs of the caregivers
What aspect of dialectical behavior therapy relates to psychodynamic theory?
the emphasis on the patient-therapist relationship.
the basic premise of family therapy is
the entire family is viewed as the unit of treatment, even if only one of the members, receives a clinical diagnosis
the most common (and perhaps the most serious) objection to the insanity plea is that
the fundamental differences between law and the science of human behavior
Today, the cost of direct mental health services is MOSTLY paid by:
the government
Research using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale indicates that:
the greater the life stress, the greater the chance of illness
According to the psychodynamic perspectives, if someone keeps engaging in immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts:
the immoral images represent id impulses
a clinician using an ABAB design to reduce frequency of sucidial thoughts in a client finds in the second A condition sucidial thought remain as low as they had been at the end of the first B condition. the clinical can be reasonably sure that
the independant variable is not controlling the social thoughts
research indicates that eyewitness testimony is
the jury is more likely to believe witness who is certain
which of the following best example of baseline data in a single subject design
the level of beaver before treatment begins
If you were working in the field of psychoneuroimmunology, you would be studying:
the links between stress and illness
Correlation coefficients indicate
the magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables
Which of the following is an aspect of the experimental approach?
the manipulation of a variable by the researcher
which of the following an aspect of the experimental approach?
the manipulation of a variable by the researcher
which of the following is an aspect of the experimental approach?
the manipulation of a variable by the researcher
The incidence of HIV+ rates on campus tells you
the number of new HIV+ cases measured in a time period.
The incidence of HIV+ results on campus tells you:
the number of new HIV+ cases measured in a time period.
the principle of informed consent adduces that
the participant can understand the explanation
The principle of informed consent assumes that:
the participant can understand the explanation.
Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when:
the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs
Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when:
the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs.
Parens patriae refers to the state's right to make decisions that are in the individual's best interest, and to the idea that police power gives the state the right to protect society from harm. These two principles have been used to support:
the process of involuntary commitment
Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?
the psychodynamic approach
which model of abnormality rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is accidental and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?
the psychodynamic model
The model or paradigm an investigator uses influences:
the questions and observations the investigator uses.
Currently, the "Big-Five" approach to personality disorders is:
the recipient of recognition, with a great amount of research being done on it.
there are many obsticles that hinder psycholoist attempts to understand and treat disorders. all of the following are obstacles except:
the relatively rigid unchangeable behavior and thought patterns of humans
There are many obstacles that hinder psychologists' attempts to understand and treat disorders. All of the following are obstacles, EXCEPT:
the relatively rigid, unchangeable behavior and thought patterns of humans.
The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:
the responses come from the client's unconscious.
the assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:
the responses come from the clients unconscious
the focus of the protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individuals Act of 1986 was to
the right for patients to investigate possible abuse
The controversy regarding research with animals centers on
the right of animals versus their usefulness in understanding human problems
In correlational research, external validity is established when:
the sample is representative of the larger population.
Kelly was in a passenger plane that had engine trouble. She watched as all four engines quit, one at a time. Then the plane exploded and she was thrown free 5,000 feet in the air. It was a miracle that she survived, although severely injured. She had landed in a thick pine forest covered with 10 feet or more of snow. When she regained consciousness several weeks later, she had a stress reaction that lasted for years, and she could never fly again. The factor that probably MOST contributed to her extreme posttraumatic stress reaction was:
the severity of the trauma
Kelly was in a passenger....
the severity of the trauma
Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on:
the special external pressures faced by members of a culture.
which of the following is the MOST appropriate conclusion about new drug studies, placebo studies, symptom exacerbation studies and medication withdrawal studies
the studies have led to calls greater safeguards for patients
Methods of supplying nicotine to those who are trying to quit smoking include all of the following except:
the subcutaneous nicotine pump.
The following experiment is conducted to study the causes of aggression in children. Half the children eat a sugared cereal. the remaining half eat cornflakes. The number of aggressive acts displayed by the children in a one hour play period after breakfast is then recorded. in this experiment
the type of cereal is the independent variable and the number of aggressive responses is the dependent variable
Why might the suicide rate among elderly Native Americans be low?
the value the culture places on the elderly
What is the PRIMARY source of sexual excitement for sexual sadists?
the victims suffering
Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies have in common:
their lack of strong support from controlled studies
Research on the cause of Alzheimer's disease has led to the conclusion that:
there appears to be a significant hereditary component, but this does not fully explain its onset.
Challenges faced by the clinical researchers include all of the following EXCEPT
there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research
Challenges faced by clinical researchers include all of the following EXCEPT:
there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research.
If someone asked you about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing following a disaster, you would be MOST correct (based on the research) in saying that:
there is little evidence that debriefing works
Recent research using genetic linkage studies has looked for possible patterns of inheritance of bipolar disorders. The results suggest that:
there may be several different genes that establish a predisposition to develop bipolar disorders.
Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because:
they freely choose and enjoy their behavior
Correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting
research in positive
they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting
studies of diagnostic conclusions made by clinicians show that
they pay too much attention to some of the information and too little to other information
the majority of criminals institutionalized for psychological treatment in the US are there because
they suffer from personality disorders
why is the plea of not guilty by reason of insanity generally unsuccessful for serial killers
they typically don't fit criteria of insanity
Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a:
third-party payer
people who experience obsessions show
thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them
which of the following is the best way for clinicians to come to an understanding of abnormal behavior?
to rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods
The most successful way to eliminate tardive dyskinesia is:
to stop the antipsychotic medication.
a frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing
tolerance
The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in older men seen at a clinic tells you the:
total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic
A professor who puts on rubber gloves before grading papers and religiously avoids any contact with the hands of students is exhibiting a(n):
touching compulsion
In the case of Wyatt v. Stickney, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that people who have been involuntarily committed have a right to:
treatment
The most common of the identified chromosomal causes of Down syndrome is:
trisomy 21
Psychodynamic theorists believe that people who develop antisocial personality disorder have failed to develop a sense of:
trust
Men are ________ as likely as women to display obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
twice
People with low incomes are ___________ as likely as people with higher incomes to experience one of the stress disorders
twice
Comorbidity means that:
two disorders may occur together in an individual.
In an emergency, if a person is clearly suicidal or homicidal because of hallucinations and delusions, that person can be involuntarily committed by:
two physicians
Temporary commitment in an emergency situation is possible if:
two physicians certify it (the two-physician certificates, "2 PCs")
To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least:
two years
The LEAP program for treating children with autism spectrum disorder is unique because it involves the use of:
typical children as models and "teachers."
An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that:
ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes
Of the following examples of case studies, the one MOST likely to be helpful in the study of abnormality would be a case study including a well tested research- supported form of therapy used to treat
uncommon disorder
If you imagine biting into a big, juicy, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. The lemon is an example of a(n):
unconditioned stimulus
The Durham test judges a person NOT to be criminally responsible if he or she has acted:
under the influence of a mental disease or mental defect
Research by cognitive theorists is on the topic of social anxiety disorder has shown support for the prevalence of all of the following among those with this diagnosis, EXCEPT:
underestimating how badly the social event went
A person who is accused of a crime cannot be convicted if he or she is mentally unstable either at the time of the crime or at the time of the trial. This minimum standard of competence to stand trial is important to ensure that the person:
understand the charges and can work with his or her lawyer
a person who is accused of a crime can not be convicted if he or she is mentally unstable either at the time of the crime or at the time of the trail. competence to stand trial is important to ensure that the person
understands the charges and is capable of forming a defense
Which of the following terms was the earliest used to describe those who we now refer to as "mentally ill?"
unstable
If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?" the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n):
unstructured interview
if a clinician begins by asking, "would you tell me about yourself"? the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n):
unstructured interview
a researcher trying to eliminate the Rosenthal effect would be sure to
use a blind design
The lack of consensus about the correct diagnosis of personality disorders questions the _______ of the DSM categories.
validity and reliability
A person quite suddenly begins to show specific cognitive impairment and difficulty in speaking, yet other cognitive functions appear normal. MOST likely, that person is experiencing:
vascular neurocognitive disorder.
The ________ explanation or theory for Alzheimer's disease is linked to the resemblance of Alzheimer's disease to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
viral
The finding that the HIGHEST rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia?
viral theory
If you are similar to most other people, which of the following are you MOST likely to do to relieve stress?
watch TV, read, or listen to music
psychologists are ethically bound to keep material about their patients confidential except
when a client is thought to be a danger to another person
what is the basis for making a 2 PC determination to commit on an emergency basis
when a person is a danger to themselves or others
which of the following is the best conclusion you could draw about the effectiveness of the various assessment techniques?
when all is said and done no technique stands out as superior
Psychologists are ethically bound to keep material about their patients confidential EXCEPT:
when someone is in danger
the current code of ethics declares that therapist should break confidentiality even without the client's consent
when the client or another person is threatened
currently in the US, patients who are criminally committed to a mental hospital can be released
when they are judged to no longer be insane
Currently in the United States, patients who are criminally committed to a mental hospital can be released:
when they are no longer considered insane
Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior:
when they interfere with daily function and cause distress
Of the following, those LEAST likely to experience specific phobias are:
white American males
If you wanted to tailor a suicide prevention program to the racial group MOST at risk, of the following, you should target which of the following:
white americans
Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people:
who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest.
One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:
why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety
One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:
why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety.
For a person to be involuntarily committed, the mental health professional must provide clear and convincing proof of mental illness:
with 75 percent certainty
Of the following, the BEST description of the "avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder" is:
worrying serves to reduce bodily arousal
A forensic psychologist would be likely to do all of the following EXCEPT:
write legislation to regulate the practice of psychology in the courts
how good are mental health professionals at predicting dangerousness
wrong more often than right
if dr. phil were a psychologist (he is not), would he be ethically allowed to offer advice to people on TV
yes
