infectious diseases of the respiratory tract
What is the mortality rate of treated cases of tubercular meningitis?
30-50%
Approximately what percent of people who become infected with tuberculosis develop a clinical case?
5%
Which age group is the most susceptible to RSV disease?
young infants
In laboratory culture, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a generation time of which of the following?
15-20 hours
Which of the following describes the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Contains mycolic acid Difficult to stain Contains certain waxes Contains cord factor
The influenza virus is covered with a lipoprotein envelope studded with glycoprotein spikes. Where do the spikes come from?
They are acquired during viral maturation.
is a condition that occurs when a mixture of Streptococcus pneumoniae, exudates, and immune cells solidifies in the alveoli.
consolidation
Infection with the TB bacterium leads to which type of hypersensitivity to tuberculoproteins?
delayed
Organisms from the genus ______ are often the cause of atypical pneumonia.
mycoplasma
Scarlet fever most often affects which group?
school age children
The recovery period from a disease when the numbers of the causative agent are decreasing and the symptoms have disappeared is called which of the following?
Convalescent period
Which component of the cell wall of M. tuberculosis is related to its virulence and causes a particular style of growth?
Cord factor
The convalescent phase in pertussis is relatively long due to the damage of the ______ on the respiratory tract epithelial cells.
cilia
Pneumonias caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause symptoms resembling a bad cold except that ______ accumulates in the lungs.
mucus
The common cold is referred to as
rhinitis
tuberculosis is also called the reactivation or reinfection type.
secondary
True or false: Scarlet fever is only caused by S. pyogenes strains that are themselves infected with a lysogenic bacteriophage.
true
Due to its waxy coat, M. tuberculosis is able survive for how long in fine aerosol particles?
8 months
A positive tuberculin skin test indicates which of the following?
A reactivation of a prior latent TB infection A recent exposure to tuberculosis
Which two of the following statements concerning the normal microbiota of the respiratory tract are correct?
Although S. aureus may be pathogenic, it is often present in the normal microbiota. The normal microbiota includes both bacteria and fungi
Sinusitis is caused by which group of microorganisms?
Bacteria Fungi Viruses
It is currently thought that chronic otitis media is due to which of the following?
Bacterial biofilms
Which of the following can be causes of pharyngitis?
Bacterial infection Viral infection Mechanical irritation Sinus drainage
Which four of the following are considered normal microbiota of the respiratory tract?
Candida albicans Hemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus
Identify the three types of tuberculosis?
Disseminated Secondary Primary
The envelope of the influenza virus is composed of which of the following?
Lipoprotein
The tubercle bacilli multiply in which of the following host cells.
Macrophages
Complications of pneumococcal pneumonia include which of the following?
Meningitis Bacteremia Endocarditis Pleuritis
The main causative agent of tuberculosis i
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
As a tuberculosis infection progresses, tubercles break down into which of the following?
Necrotic caseous lesions
Influenza viruses belong to the family
Orthomyxoviridae
Many isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistant to which of the following?
Penicillin, macrolides, fluoroquinolones
Which three of the following are infectious diseases of both the upper and lower respiratory tract?
Pertussis Influenza RSV
Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the lung in which fluid fills the alveoli?
Pneumonia
Complications of influenza infection include which of the following?
Pneumonia Secondary bacterial infections
The capsule surrounding S. pneumoniae is composed of which of the following?
Polysaccharides
tuberculosis is also called the reactivation or reinfection type. Listen to the complete question
Secondary
Which of the following is the most common causative agent for community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which of the following causes the most serious form of pharyngitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
A negative tuberculin skin test may indicate which of the following?
That a person has been infected but has not yet reacted That an individual has not had any contact with tuberculosis
True or false: Infection with the tuberculosis bacterium occurs rather easily, but only a small percentage of those infected will experience disease.
True
In primary tuberculosis,identify the lesions which form in the lung and are composed of bacteria in enlarged macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils.
Tubercles
_______ ______ is inflammation of the meninges by M. tuberculosis.
Tubercular meningitis
Which of the following diseases affects the bronchi, bronchioles, and the lungs?
Tuberculosis
Which of the following are infectious diseases primarily of the lower, and not the upper, respiratory tract?
Tuberculosis Pneumonia
Identify the characteristics of M. tuberculosis that contribute to its virulence?
Waxy cell surface Stimulation of a strong T-cell response
Which two seasons are infants at greatest risk of catching RSV?
Winter and Spring
The general type of staining procedure that is used to diagnose the tuberculosis bacterium based upon its cell wall structure is know as the - stain.
acid fast stain
Streptococcus pyogenes is a facultative ______ that ferments a wide variety of sugars.
anaerobe
Pneumonia is a type of _______ diagnosis because it is based on observed changes in tissues and organs Listen to the complete question
anatomical
Identify the mode of transmission for TB.
droplets
Streptococcus pyogenes causes scarlet fever when it has become infected with a lysogenic virus that confers on the streptococci the ability to produce an exotoxin called
erythrogenic toxin
True or false: Diphtheria is an emerging disease worldwide.
false