infectious diseases of the respiratory tract

What is the mortality rate of treated cases of tubercular meningitis?

30-50%

Approximately what percent of people who become infected with tuberculosis develop a clinical case?

5%

Which age group is the most susceptible to RSV disease?

young infants

In laboratory culture, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a generation time of which of the following?

15-20 hours

Which of the following describes the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Contains mycolic acid Difficult to stain Contains certain waxes Contains cord factor

The influenza virus is covered with a lipoprotein envelope studded with glycoprotein spikes. Where do the spikes come from?

They are acquired during viral maturation.

is a condition that occurs when a mixture of Streptococcus pneumoniae, exudates, and immune cells solidifies in the alveoli.

consolidation

Infection with the TB bacterium leads to which type of hypersensitivity to tuberculoproteins?

delayed

Organisms from the genus ______ are often the cause of atypical pneumonia.

mycoplasma

Scarlet fever most often affects which group?

school age children

The recovery period from a disease when the numbers of the causative agent are decreasing and the symptoms have disappeared is called which of the following?

Convalescent period

Which component of the cell wall of M. tuberculosis is related to its virulence and causes a particular style of growth?

Cord factor

The convalescent phase in pertussis is relatively long due to the damage of the ______ on the respiratory tract epithelial cells.

cilia

Pneumonias caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause symptoms resembling a bad cold except that ______ accumulates in the lungs.

mucus

The common cold is referred to as

rhinitis

tuberculosis is also called the reactivation or reinfection type.

secondary

True or false: Scarlet fever is only caused by S. pyogenes strains that are themselves infected with a lysogenic bacteriophage.

true

Due to its waxy coat, M. tuberculosis is able survive for how long in fine aerosol particles?

8 months

A positive tuberculin skin test indicates which of the following?

A reactivation of a prior latent TB infection A recent exposure to tuberculosis

Which two of the following statements concerning the normal microbiota of the respiratory tract are correct?

Although S. aureus may be pathogenic, it is often present in the normal microbiota. The normal microbiota includes both bacteria and fungi

Sinusitis is caused by which group of microorganisms?

Bacteria Fungi Viruses

It is currently thought that chronic otitis media is due to which of the following?

Bacterial biofilms

Which of the following can be causes of pharyngitis?

Bacterial infection Viral infection Mechanical irritation Sinus drainage

Which four of the following are considered normal microbiota of the respiratory tract?

Candida albicans Hemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus

Identify the three types of tuberculosis?

Disseminated Secondary Primary

The envelope of the influenza virus is composed of which of the following?

Lipoprotein

The tubercle bacilli multiply in which of the following host cells.

Macrophages

Complications of pneumococcal pneumonia include which of the following?

Meningitis Bacteremia Endocarditis Pleuritis

The main causative agent of tuberculosis i

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

As a tuberculosis infection progresses, tubercles break down into which of the following?

Necrotic caseous lesions

Influenza viruses belong to the family

Orthomyxoviridae

Many isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistant to which of the following?

Penicillin, macrolides, fluoroquinolones

Which three of the following are infectious diseases of both the upper and lower respiratory tract?

Pertussis Influenza RSV

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the lung in which fluid fills the alveoli?

Pneumonia

Complications of influenza infection include which of the following?

Pneumonia Secondary bacterial infections

The capsule surrounding S. pneumoniae is composed of which of the following?

Polysaccharides

tuberculosis is also called the reactivation or reinfection type. Listen to the complete question

Secondary

Which of the following is the most common causative agent for community-acquired pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which of the following causes the most serious form of pharyngitis?

Streptococcus pyogenes

A negative tuberculin skin test may indicate which of the following?

That a person has been infected but has not yet reacted That an individual has not had any contact with tuberculosis

True or false: Infection with the tuberculosis bacterium occurs rather easily, but only a small percentage of those infected will experience disease.

True

In primary tuberculosis,identify the lesions which form in the lung and are composed of bacteria in enlarged macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils.

Tubercles

_______ ______ is inflammation of the meninges by M. tuberculosis.

Tubercular meningitis

Which of the following diseases affects the bronchi, bronchioles, and the lungs?

Tuberculosis

Which of the following are infectious diseases primarily of the lower, and not the upper, respiratory tract?

Tuberculosis Pneumonia

Identify the characteristics of M. tuberculosis that contribute to its virulence?

Waxy cell surface Stimulation of a strong T-cell response

Which two seasons are infants at greatest risk of catching RSV?

Winter and Spring

The general type of staining procedure that is used to diagnose the tuberculosis bacterium based upon its cell wall structure is know as the - stain.

acid fast stain

Streptococcus pyogenes is a facultative ______ that ferments a wide variety of sugars.

anaerobe

Pneumonia is a type of _______ diagnosis because it is based on observed changes in tissues and organs Listen to the complete question

anatomical

Identify the mode of transmission for TB.

droplets

Streptococcus pyogenes causes scarlet fever when it has become infected with a lysogenic virus that confers on the streptococci the ability to produce an exotoxin called

erythrogenic toxin

True or false: Diphtheria is an emerging disease worldwide.

false