6155 Exam Practice Questions
The nurse is teaching the family of a child newly diagnosed with asthma about the condition. What should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply) a) avoiding triggers that will prevent an asthma exacerbation b) budesonide, a glucocorticoid, is used to prevent chronic asthma c) a stepwise approach is used for drug therapy in asthma and will be modified based on an assessment of asthma control d) asthma is a largely irreversible disorder of airway restriction and inflammation that is preventable e) albuterol, a short acting beta2 agonist (SABA), should be taken every day at the same time
A, B
A client is diagnosed with heart failure. Which types of medications are usually prescribed to manage this disorder? (select all that apply) a) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors) b) digoxin c) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) d) beta-adrenergic blockers (beta blockers) e) diuretics
A, B, D, E
The nurse teaches a client with a new diagnosis of asthma about measures to prevent asthma attacks. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. a) schedule the influenza vaccine b) administer a beta2 agonist c) use an inhaled cromolyn d) use peak flow meter daily e) limit exposure to dust
A, C, E
The nurse cares for a client with incompetent valves in the veins. The nurse knows that valves in the veins prevent retrograde blood flow. What other characteristics of the venous system facilitate blood flow return back to the heart? (select all that apply) a) one way valves b) elastic fibers c) high pressure system d) skeletal muscle pumps e) thick walls
A, D
During a routine physical, a 65-year-old female client with stress incontinence asks the nurse how to prevent accidental urination in public. The nurse should recommend that the client wears an absorbent, disposable underwear liner during which activity(ies)? (select all that apply) a) sitting for a long period of time b) playing at the park with her grandchildren c) standing for long periods of time d) weightlifting e) going to a local comedy club
B, D, E
The nurse cares for a client who is experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation. What signs/symptoms are associated with an acute asthma exacerbation? (Select all that apply.) a) emphysema b) wheezing c) fever d) chest tightness e) cough
B, D, E
The nurse reviews a prescription for a client with asthma. What is the mechanism of action for glucocorticoids that reduces asthma symptoms? a) suppresses inflammation b) blocks muscarinic receptor in bronchi c) activate beta2 adrenergic receptors d) relaxes smooth muscle of the bronchi
a) suppresses inflammation
The nurse reviews a prescription for a client with hypertension. Which diuretic acts by preventing sodium chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule? a) thiazide diuretics b) potassium sparing diuretics c) osmotic diuretics d) loop diuretics
a) thiazide diuretics
The nurse teaches a newly hired nurse about edema. The newly hired nurse demonstrates understanding of the structure and function of blood vessels in relation to fluid distribution with what statement? a) "Capillaries permit the exchange of material between the blood and interstitial fluid." b) "Veins have a three-layered wall with a thick tunica media, which gives it the properties of contractility and elasticity." c) "Arteries include internal valves to aid in the unidirectional flow of blood toward the heart." d) "Venules transport blood away from the heart and help control blood pressure."
a) "Capillaries permit the exchange of material between the blood and interstitial fluid."
The nurse is teaching a newly hired nurse about coronary artery disease (CAD). Which statement by the newly hired nurse indicates understanding of the main cause of CAD? a) "The main cause of CAD is atherosclerosis." b) "The main cause of CAD is age over 50." c) "The main cause of CAD is diabetes." d) "The main cause of CAD is myocardial infarction."
a) "The main cause of CAD is atherosclerosis."
The nurse cares for a client who is suspected to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). What glomerular filtration rate (GFR) supports the diagnosis of CKD? a) 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or less for 3 months b) 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or less for 1 month c) 70-90 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 1 month d) 70-90 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months
a) 60 mL/min/1.73 or less for 3 months
A nurse is caring for an 81-year-old male being treated in the Intensive Care Unit for sepsis related to stage IV sacral pressure injury. The client has a history of dementia and urinary incontinence. What is the most appropriate intervention by the nurse to prevent complications of incontinence? a) apply a condom catheter b) instruct the client to do Kegel exercises c) perform straight catheterization every 4 hours d) offer assistance with toileting every 8 hours
a) apply a condom catheter
The nurse cares for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). What is the most common indicator of AKI? a) azotemia b) uremia c) hyperkalemia d) proteinuria
a) azotemia
The nurse prepares education for a client taking oral theophylline, a methylaxanthine that causes bronchodilation, for stable asthma. The nurse should teach the client to avoid using which substance to prevent a complication? a) caffeine b) cimetidine c) sunscreen d) echinacea
a) caffeine
The nurse overhears a newly hired nurse providing discharge teaching for a client with hypertension. The nurse overhears "This medication may cause a persistent dry, irritating, nonproductive cough". What medication is the newly hired nurse MOST likely providing teaching about? a) captopril b) furosemide c) losartan d) mannitol
a) captopril
The nurse cares for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse knows that what mechanism contributes to the pathophysiology of COPD? a) chronic inflammation b) decreased airway resistance c) hypo-inflation of the lungs d) increased elastic lung fibers
a) chronic inflammation
The nurse is preparing to teach a newly hired nurse on hemostasis. There are two pathways that can be activated by the coagulation process. One pathway begins when factor XII is activated. The other pathway begins when there is trauma to a blood vessel. What are these pathways? a) extrinsic and intrinsic pathways b) clotting and bleeding pathways c) factor and trauma pathways d) inner and outer pathways
a) extrinsic and intrinsic pathways
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic constipation. What complication of chronic constipation is the retention of hardened or putt-like stool in the rectum and colon which interferes with normal passage of feces? a) fecal impaction b) intussusception c) diverticulosis d) volvulus
a) fecal impaction
The nurse assesses clients for their risk of developing atherosclerosis. What is a modifiable risk factor for developing atherosclerosis? a) hypercholesterolemia b) male sex c) family history of coronary artery disease d) increasing age
a) hypercholesterolemia
The nurse is teaching the client with chronic venous insufficiency. Which part of the body is particularly prone to development of stasis dermatitis? a) lower leg b) hands c) lower abdomen d) upper leg
a) lower leg
The nurse reviews a client's arterial blood gas result (ABG). What acid base imbalance is represented by the ABG result? pH: 7.29 HCO3-: 18 mEq/L PCO2: 36 mm Hg a) metabolic acidosis b) respiratory acidosis c) respiratory alkalosis d) metabolic alkalosis
a) metabolic acidosis
A client tells the nurse that the client has been taking Alka-Seltzer (bicarbonate-antacid) four times a day for the past 2 weeks for an upset stomach. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and mental confusion. Arterial blood gases reveal pH 7.55 and serum HCO3− 37 mEq/L (37 mmol/L).What acid-base imbalance is the client most likely to experience? a) metabolic acidosis b) metabolic alkalosis c) respiratory acidosis d) respiratory alkalosis
a) metabolic alkalosis
The nurse is caring for a client with coronary artery disease prescribed low dose (81 mg) aspirin daily. What part of hemostasis is altered by aspirin? a) platelet plug formation b) clot lysis c) blood coagulation d) vessel spasm
a) platelet plug formation
The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of dehydration due to acute diarrhea from enterocolitis. Which prescription should the nurse question? a) polyethylene glycol powder 17g by mouth daily b) normal saline intravenously at 100 mL/hour c) monitor strict intake and output d) monitor daily weights
a) polyethylene glycol powder 17g by mouth daily
The nurse prepares teaching for a client on perfusion. What is the function of the right ventricle? a) pumps blood to the lungs b) receives oxygenated blood from the lungs c) receives blood returning to the heart form the systemic circulation d) pumps blood into the systemic circulation
a) pumps blood to the lungs
The nurse is caring for a client with a respiratory rate of 25 breaths per minute. The nurse knows that what acid-base imbalance is caused by hyperventilation? a) respiratory alkalosis b) respiratory acidosis c) metabolic acidosis d) metabolic alkalosis
a) respiratory alkalosis
Categorize the characteristics of asthma and COPD. - stepwise approach to pharmacologic therapy - emphysema - chronic bronchitis - hyperreactivity -most common cause is a genetic disposition for response to common allergies - most common cause is smoking
asthma: - stepwise approach to pharmacologic therapy - hyperreactivity -most common cause is a genetic disposition for response to common allergies COPD: - emphysema - chronic bronchitis - most common cause is smoking
The nurse prepares to teach a client on using an albuterol metered dose inhaler (MDI). What statement by the client indicates understanding about how to use an albuterol MDI? a) "I should use a spacer to decrease the amount of drug delivered to the lungs." b) "If I need to take 2 puffs, I will wait one minute between puffs." c) "A fine mist will be delivered without propellants when I activate the MDI." d) "Oral candidas is a common side effect of this medication."
b) "If I need to take 2 puffs, I will wait one minute between puffs."
The nurse participates in a community health fair for older adults on cardiac health. What teaching point would be MOST appropriate? a) "People with plaque in their arteries experience attacks of blood flow disruption at seemingly random times." b) "The plaque that builds up in your heart vessels obstructs the normal flow of blood and can even break loose and lodge itself in a vessel." c) "Infections of any sort are often a signal that plaque disruption is in danger of occurring." d) The impaired function of the lungs that accompanies pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a precursor to plaque disruption."
b) "The plaque that builds up in your heart vessels obstructs the normal flow of blood and can even break loose and lodge itself in a vessel."
The nurse cares for a client admitted to hospital with signs of acidosis. Compensation takes place in the kidney as well as in the lungs. Which action takes place specifically at the respiratory membrane? a) H+ combines with filtered HCO3- b) CO2 is eliminated c) CO2 and H2O are produced d) carbonic acid is produced
b) CO2 is eliminated
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which assessment finding is characteristic of metabolic acidosis? a) Cheyne-Stokes breathing b) Kussmaul breathing c) Apnea followed by hyperpnea d) Deep inspirations followed by shallow expirations
b) Kussmaul breathing
The nurse receives report on the following clients. Which individual is at the highest risk of developing a urinary tract infection? a) a 38-year-old man with high urine output due to antidiuretic hormone insufficiency b) a 30-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus c) a 60-year-old man with a history of cardiovascular disease who is recovering in hospital from a coronary artery bypass d) a 66-year-old man undergoing dialysis for the treatment of chronic renal failure secondary to hypertension
b) a 30-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
The nurse evaluates the ECG of a client who has developed hypokalemia secondary to diuretic use. Which manifestation of hypokalemia does the nurse anticipate on the ECG? a) a narrow QRS complex and an absent U wave b) a prominent U wave and a flattened T curve c) a low T wave and an absent P wave d) irregular heart rate and peaked T wave
b) a prominent U wave and a flattened T curve
The nurse cares for a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The provider writers a prescription to prevent further thrombus formation. What prescription should the nurse question? a) Heparin, an anticoagulant b) alteplase (tPa), a thrombolytic c) dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor d) warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist
b) alteplase (tPa), a thrombolytic
The nurse is caring for a client with asthma. What is the best option for non-pharmacological management for asthma? a) follow the stepwise approach for asthma management b) avoid exposure to irritants and allergens that trigger an asthma attack c) allergen immunotherapy d) avoid exercise
b) avoid exposure to irritants and allergens that trigger an asthma attack
The nurse cares for a client with Crohn's disease who is prescribed sulfasalazine, one of the 5-aminosalicylates. Treatment with sulfasalazine will focus on which aspect of this disease? a) increased appetite b) inflammatory suppression c) immune suppression d) decreased bleeding tendency
b) inflammatory suppression
A nurse is giving discharge instructions for a client who was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis 3 days previously. Which instruction is important for the nurse to discuss when teaching the client? a) the client will require bed rest at home for 7 days b) it is important that the client take the prescribed antibiotic for the duration of the prescription c) because the client received antibiotics in the hospital, there are no further medications required d) restrict fluid intake to 1 L/day
b) it is important that the client take the prescribed antibiotic for the duration of the prescription
The nurse cares for a client with chronic renal failure. The nurse knows that the loss of bicarbonate during severe diarrhea or metabolic disorders that result in overproduction of lactic acid cause which acid-base imbalance? a) respiratory acidosis b) metabolic acidosis c) metabolic alkalosis d) respiratory alkalosis
b) metabolic acidosis
The nurse prepares to administer furosemide, a loop diuretic, to a client with pulmonary edema. What action by the nurse demonstrates safe administration of loop diuretics? a) administering a loop diuretic when the client is sleeping b) monitoring the client's urine output and electrolyte levels c) encouraging the patient to increase their dietary intake of potassium-rich foods d) administering a loop diuretic as a rapid bolus injeciton
b) monitoring the client's urine output and electrolyte levels
The nurse cares for a client with an acute arterial embolism. What assessment finding by the nurse is consistent with the characteristic signs of acute arterial embolism? a) paralysis, warmth, and paranoia b) pallor, pulselessness, and pain c) pain, increased blood pressure, and warmth d) purpura, muscle weakness, and shortness of breath
b) pallor, pulselessness, and pain
The nurse is assessing a client who is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which assessment data obtained by the nurse may indicate that the client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis? a) negative trousseau sign b) positive chvostek sign c) hypotonia d) negative homans sign
b) positive chvostek sign
The nurse cares for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and knows that phosphate excretion is impaired in CKD resulting in high serum phosphate levels and the development of phosphate crystals. What manifestation of hyperphosphatemia should the nurse assess for? a) azotemia b) pruritus c) uremia d) asterixis
b) pruritus
The nurse cares for a client with heart failure who is prescribed hydralazine, a selective arteriolar vasodilator, for short term use. Which adverse effect may be triggered due to a lowering of arterial blood pressure? a) impaired perfusion b) reflex tachycardia c) decreased blood volume d) increased blood pressure
b) reflex tachycardia
The nurse reviews a client's arterial blood gas result (ABG). What acid base imbalance is represented by the ABG result? pH: 7.2 HCO3-: 24 mEq/L PCO2: 60 mm Hg a) respiratory alkalosis b) respiratory acidosis c) metabolic acidosis d) metabolic alkalosis
b) respiratory acidosis
The nurse cares for a client who spent several days in an acidotic state and has now returned to a desired pH level. Which process could have contributed to the resolution of the client's health problem? a) exchange of Na+ and H+ ions b) retention of HCO3- by the kidneys c) excretion of HCO3- d) selective renal secretion and reabsorption of CO2
b) retention of HCO3- by the kidneys
The nurse receives report on a client with renal failure and severe hyperkalemia (K+ level 7.2 mEq/L [7.2 mmol/L]). What treatment does the nurse anticipate administering to quickly lower the potassium level? a) hydromorphone via patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) device to control pain b) short acting insulin with glucose given intravenously as a bolus c) lactated Ringer's solution at 150 mL/hour to maintain blood glucose levels
b) short acting insulin with glucose given intravenously as a bolus
The nurse cares for a client with inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse recognizes the difference between the distribution pattern between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Which pattern describes Crohn's disease? a) continuous involvement of the colon starting at the rectum b) skip lesions c) primarily rectum and colon involvement d) development of cancer
b) skip lesions
The nurse cares for a client with chronic pain who has been taking morphine for a few months and now complains of constipation. What laxative class is commonly used to treat opioid induced constipation? a) surfactant laxative b) stimulant laxative c) bulk-forming laxative d) osmotic laxative
b) stimulant laxative
A nurse cares for a client with Crohn's disease who is prescribed infliximad, a monoclonal antibody. The nurse is aware that infliximab functions in which way? a) prepares jejunum for absorption of proteins b) targets destruction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) c) inhibits acid production in the stomach d) destroys cells that are within the mucosal layer
b) targets destruction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
The nurse cares for a client with diverticulitis who was prescribed to increase fiber in her diet. What effect does fiber have? a) the fiber cleans out the diverticula, allowing for remittance of inflammation b) the fiber increases bulk, promotes regular defecation, and increases colonic contents and colon diameter, thereby decreasing intraluminal pressure c) the fiber pulls water into the colon, increasing the intraluminal pressure, ensuring that fecal material will not become stagnant d) the fiber stimulates a myogenic muscle contraction in the wall of the intestines that will force the forward movement of fecal material, thereby preventing diverticula formation
b) the fiber increases bulk, promotes regular defecation, and increases colonic contents and colon diameter, thereby decreasing intraluminal pressure
The nurse cares for a client experiencing fulminant disease of ulcerative colitis. What complication is the client at risk for developing? a) fistula formation b) toxic megacolon c) positive ova and parasite d) helicobacter pylori
b) toxic megacolon
The nurse in an outpatient urology clinic is screening a client for stress incontinence. Which signs and symptoms are relevant to this diagnosis? a) pain with urination and blood-tinged urine b) urine leaking with laughing, coughing, and sneezing c) sudden inability to urinate d) presence of itchy, painful lesions on the genitals and surrounding skin
b) urine leaking with laughing, coughing, and sneezing
The nurse is providing care for a client who developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and a pulmonary embolism following a period of bed rest. Which factors contributed to the formation of a DVT? Select all that apply. a) increased heart rate b) venous injury c) increased blood viscosity d) impaired venous return e) antiplatelet medications
b, c, d
The nurse cares for an older adult client who expresses concern about straining to pass stools that are small and hard. What term will the nurse use to document this in this client's chart? a) dehydration b) diverticulosis c) constipation d) irritable bowel syndrome
c) constipation
The nurse prepares to administer spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, to a client with hypertension. What statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching from the nurse about the medication? a) "I will avoid salt substitutes while taking this medication." b) "I will have my blood pressure and potassium levels checked regularly while taking this medication." c) "I will increase my intake of foods high in potassium while taking this medication." d) "I will report any signs of muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat or numbness while taking this medication."
c) "I will increase my intake of foods high in potassium while taking this medication."
Which cause can result in either urinary obstruction or urinary incontinence for clients? a) bladder wall atrophy b) micturition reflex spasms c) alterations in bladder function d) bladder distensibility loss
c) alterations in bladder function
The nurse cares for a client with a 25-year smoking history who is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). On physical assessment, the nurse notes an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. What term will the nurse use to document this finding? a) blue bloater b) pneumothorax c) barrel chest d) pink puffer
c) barrel chest
The nurse cares for a client with hypertension. What medication class acts selectively on peripheral arterioles and arteries and arterioles of the heart to regulate contraction and cause vasodilation? a) angiotensin receptor blockers b) diuretics c) calcium channel blockers d) ACE inhibitors
c) calcium channel blockers
The nurse cares for a client who has an acid-base imbalance. What buffer system acts immediately to correct the imbalance? a) respiratory control mechaisms b) renal control mechanisms c) chemical buffer systems d) phosphate buffer systems
c) chemical buffer systems
The nurse is caring for each of these clients. Which client is at the GREATEST risk for developing a venous thrombosis resulting from venous stasis? a) pregnant woman b) obese client c) client on bed rest d) dehydrated client
c) client on bed rest
The nurse is caring for a 60-year-old man who is complaining of hard and lumpy stools that he has to push hard to evacuate. What is constipation determined by MOST? a) laxative use b) frequency of stool c) consistency of stool d) fecal incontinence
c) consistency of stool
The nurse receives report on a client with hypertension. What is the action of renin in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism? a) catabolizes angiotensin II to aldosterone b) increases reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule c) converts angiontensinogen to angiotensin I d) breaks down insulin for excretion by the kidneys
c) converts angiontensinogen to angiotensin I
The nurse cares for a client who has an increase in respiratory rate. What assessment findings does the nurse expect? a) decreased pH b) decreased red blood cells c) decreased PCO2 d) increased PCO2
c) decreased PCO2
The nurse is preparing teaching for a client with impaired blood flow in the deep venous channels of their legs. What is the MOST common cause of this condition? a) ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) b) arteriovenous (AV) fistulas c) deep vein thrombosis (DVT) d) congenital malformations
c) deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
The nurse cares for a client with impaired gas exchange. What is the primary mechanism of gas exchange in the body? a) osmosis b) filtration c) diffusion d) active transport
c) diffusion
The nurse prepares to speak to a group of pathophysiology nursing students about acid base balance. The nurse knows that which substance can be eliminated from the body by the kidneys as a means of regulating body acid-base balance when urine buffers are present? a) phosphate (HPO4) b) ammonia (NH3) c) hydrogen (H+) d) potassium (K+)
c) hydrogen (H+)
The nurse cares for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. What alteration in arterial blood drives ventilation? a) increased pH b) decreased PCO2 c) increased PCO2 d) increased HCO3
c) increased PCO2
A nurse is assessing a client's risk for developing a hospital-acquired urinary tract infection and determines that which of the following places the client at greatest risk? a) impaired bladder emptying b) prostate enlargement c) indwelling urinary catheter d) increased sexual activity
c) indwelling urinary catheter
The nurse cares for a client being treated for acute pyelonephritis. When caring for a client with acute pyelonephritis, what will the nurse monitor for the development of? a) chronic kidney disease b) prerenal failure c) intrarenal failure d) postrenal failure
c) intrarenal failure
The nurse reviews a prescription for a client with COPD. What is the only anticholinergic drug approved for bronchospasm associated with COPD? a) albuterol b) theophylline c) ipratropium d) baclomethasone
c) ipratropium
A client is admitted to an acute care facility with a Clostridium difficile infection (C. diff). The nurse anticipates administering which medication? a) amoxicillin b) proton pump inhibitor c) metronidazole d) vancomycin
c) metronidazole
The nurse prepares to administer tiotropium, an anticholinergic medication, to a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What intervention would be used to relieve the most common adverse effect of this medication? a) offer the client a stool softener b) offer the client sunscreen c) offer the client a hard candy d) offer the client an antacid
c) offer the client a hard candy
The nurse reviews a prescription for a diuretic for a patient with primary hypertension. The nurse knows that to achieve optimal adherence to the dosing schedule, what frequency of administration should be recommended? a) three times a day b) four times a day c) once a day d) every 8 hours
c) once a day
The nurse cares for a client with pyelonephritis. Which blood test reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is used to estimate renal function? a) serum ammonia b) blood protein c) serum creatinine d) blood urea nitrogen
c) serum creatinine
The nurse is analyzing the results of a client's urinalysis. Which finding requires the need for follow-up by the nurse because it is an abnormal result? a) bilirubin negative b) urine color yellow-amber c) specific gravity 1.034 d) white blood cells rare
c) specific gravity 1.034
A 40-year-old mother of three reports incontinence. Her physician suggests Kegel exercises because they strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Kegel exercises are most likely to help which type of incontinence? a) mixed incontinence b) overflow incontinence c) stress incontinence d) urge incontinence
c) stress incontinence
The nurse cares for a client with low hemoglobin. What is the role of perfusion in the process of gas exchange? a) the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration b) the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide to and from the lungs c) the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane d) the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin in red blood cells
c) the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane
The nurse cares for an older adult client who is experiencing brownish pigmentation on the ankles and shins as well as ankle and foot edema. What complication is the client at risk for developing? a) atherosclerosis of the extremities b) acute arterial occlusion c) venous ulcers d) arterial insufficiency
c) venous ulcers
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic stable angina (CSA). What statement by the client indicates understanding of CSA? a) "Because it is chronic angina, it will not get worse." b) "If the angina occurs when I am resting, I do not need to worry." c) "If it takes longer than 5-10 minutes for relief of symptoms after I take my Nitro, I am improving." d) "Angina may result from exertional activity or emotional stress and can be relieved within minutes by rest or by nitroglycerin."
d) "Angina may result from exertional activity or emotional stress and can be relieved within minutes by rest or by nitroglycerin."
A client is scheduled for a creatinine clearance test to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The client asks the nurse what this test is used for. What is the nurse's best response? a) "This test measures the volume of urine output." b) "This test measures urine specific gravity." c) "This test measures circulating antidiuretic hormone levels." d) "This test provides a gauge of renal function."
d) "This test provides a gauge of renal function."
The nurse cares for a client with chronic constipation who tells the nurse that they have been taking the recommended over-the-counter senna, a stimulant laxative, to make bowel movements more regular, but the medication is not helping. The client drinks 1.5 liters of water per day and eats a diet rich in dairy and meat products. Which is the best response by the nurse? a) "You should decrease your fluid intake." b) "You should increase the amount of times per day you take the laxative." c) "You should take your laxative at bedtime." d) "You should increase the amount of fruits and vegetables you eat everyday."
d) "You should increase the amount of fruits and vegetables you eat everyday."
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperphosphatemia. The nurse knows that phosphorous has an inverse (reciprocal) relationship with what serum electrolyte? a) sodium b) potassium c) chloride d) calcium
d) calcium
The nurse is teaching a newly hired nurse about Crohn's disease. The lesions of Crohn's disease are recognized by sharply demarcated, granulomatous lesions that are surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. What description defines these lesions? a) pyramidal b) mosaic c) triangular d) cobblestone
d) cobblestone
The nurse is caring for a client with recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs). The client asks, "Other than taking antibiotics, what else can I do?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate? a) monitor and limit your intake of fats, especially triglycerides in your diet b) include lots of calcium in your diet to promote urinary health c) eat plenty of yogurt that contains protein to prevent future infection d) drink lots of fluids to help relieve the signs/symptoms of UTIs
d) drink lots of fluids to help relieve the signs/symptoms of UTIs
A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Crohn's disease about potential complications. What should the nurse include about complications of Crohn's disease? a) excessive weight gain b) difficulty swallowing c) chronic constipation d) fistula formation
d) fistula formation
The nurse is evaluating the urinalysis results of a client presenting with polyuria and lower abdominal pain due to a suspected urinary tract infection. Which finding should the nurse expect? a) specific gravity of 1.025 b) positive glucose c) solid formations d) increased nitrites
d) increased nitrites
The nurse is evaluating a client's blood gases. The client has a pH of 7.35. How does the nurse interpret this value? a) it indicates acidosis b) it indicates alkalosis c) it indicates a respiratory problem d) it is within a normal range
d) it is within a normal range
The nurse notes that a client has not voided in over 18 hours and is still unable to void when prompted. What is the nurse's priority assessment? a) abdominal girth b) temperature c) most recent blood glucose level d) last bowel movement
d) last bowel movement
The nurse prepares teaching for a client with impaired blood flow. What chamber of the heart pumps into the systemic circulation? a) left atrium b) right atrium c) right ventricle d) left ventricle
d) left ventricle
The nurse cares for a client with hypokalemia. The most recent serum potassium level was 2.5 mEq/L. What assessment should the nurse prioritize in the care of a client who is being treated for a serum potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L? a) monitoring fluid balance (intake and output) b) reviewing arterial blood gases for respiratory alkalosis c) reviewing complete blood counts for hemoglobin levels d) monitoring telemetry (cardiac monitoring)
d) monitoring telemetry (cardiac monitoring)
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse identifies which of the following as a common sign of ulcerative colitis? a) periods of exacerbations and remissions b) mucus and blood stools c) lesions surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue d) mucus and blood stools
d) mucus and blood stools
The nurse is caring for a client whose serum calcium level is 12 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L). The nurse expects to find which mineral to be decreased? a) sodium b) magnesium c) potassium d) phosphate
d) phosphate
The nurse prepares teaching for a client with a small bowel obstruction who has a nasogastric tube set to low continuous suction. What does the treatment place the client at risk for? a) respiratory acidosis b) metabolic alkalosis c) metabolic acidosis d) respiratory alkalosis
d) respiratory alkalosis
The nurse reviews laboratory results for a client prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix). Which is the priority lab to monitor for the client receiving these medications? a) serum sodium b) serum chloride c) glomerular filtration rate d) serum potassium
d) serum potassium
The nurse is assessing a patient who is receiving a sulfonamide for treatment of a urinary tract infection. To monitor the patient for the most severe response to sulfonamide therapy, the nurse will assess for what? a) bleeding b) hypertension c) diarrhea d) skin rash and lesions
d) skin rash and lesions
The nurse is caring for a client who was initially admitted with a fecal impaction but has since recovered. The client has been taking laxatives to continue having regular bowel movements. What assessment finding form the client's electronic health record (EHR) is MOST concerning? a) pulse 72 bpm b) gastrointestinal assessment: abdomen soft, rounded, non-tender c) temperature 99.0 F d) total intake and output 24-hour balance of -1300 mL
d) total intake and output 24-hour balance of -1300 mL
The nurse cares for a client with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What medication is the drug of choice for oral therapy of UTIs? a) ciprofloxacin b) amoxicillin c) fosfomycin d) trimethroprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
d) trimethroprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
The nurse cares for a client at risk for hypertension. The nurse knows that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a negative feedback system that plays a central role in blood pressure regulation. How does the short term result of this feedback loop regulate blood pressure in the body? a) decreases salt and water retention by the kidney b) increases salt and water retention by the kidney c) vasodilates blood vessels to decrease blood pressure d) vasoconstricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure
d) vasoconstricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure
