7-2 Biology

lysosome

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cells

mitochondrion

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

vacuole

cell organelles that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

cytoskeleton

network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

centriole

one of 2 tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope

ribosome

small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein

nucleolus

small, dense region within the most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins

chromosome

thread-like structure within the nucleus containing the genetic info that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

chromatin

granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

endoplasmic reticulum

internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified

nuclear envelope

layer of 2 membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

cytoplasm

portion of the cell outside the nucleus; work together with the nucleus; located in cell membrane

organelle

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell;"little organs"

Golgi apparatus

stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum