7.1 The Digestive System
What produces bile (cell) and what is it function
- produced by hepatocytes - emulsify fats
Define accessory digestive organs and which organs are present in this group
-lie external to the GI tract and are connected via ducts -secrete saliva, bile and digestive enzymes EX: tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
What is the largest gland in the body and what does it produce
-liver -bile
what are the 2 main organ groups in the digestive system
1. Alimentary canal (GI Tract) 2. Accessory Digestive organs
What are the 4 regions of the stomach
1. Cardiac region 2. Fundus 3. Body 4. Pyloric region
what are the 2 surfaces of the liver
1. Diaphragmatic (anterior/superior) 2. Visceral (posterior/inferior)
What are the 3 regions of the small intestine
1. Duodenum (receives digestive enzymes and bile) 2. Jejunum (superior left part) 3. Ileum (inferior right part)
What are the 3 external salivary glands?
1. Parotid glands - near the ear - parotid duct-> parallel to the zygomatic arch 2. submandibular glands - underneath the mandible - lies along the medial surface of the mandible 3. Sublingual glands - under the tongue - lies in floor of oral cavity
name the 3 regions of the teeth
1. crown (part u see) 2. Cervix (deep to gums) 3. root (cannot see in the alveolar socket)
what are the 2 types of salivary glands and where are they found
1. intrinsic (with the tongue, palate, lips and cheeks) 2. extrinsic (connected to mouth via ducts)
T or F the pancreas contains the main pancreatic duct that joins the bile duct and the accessory pancreatic duct that empties into the jujenum
F- empties into the duodenum
epigastric region
Name region B
left hypochondriac region
Name region C
right lumbar region
Name region D
Umbilical region
Name region E
Left lumbar Region
Name region F
Hypogastric region
Name region H
Left iliac region
Name region I
What is the name of the serous membrane in the digestive system?
Peritoneum
T or F the pancreas has endocrine and exocrine capabilities
T- Endocrine (insulin & glucagon) & exocrine( pancreatic digestive enzymes)
define secondary retroperitoneal organs and an example
at one time they where part of the peritoneal space but during embryological development the where pushed posteriorly. ex: pancreas, rectum and duodenum.
hypogastric region
bladder, sigmoid colon and part of the small intestine
right iliac
bottom on cecum, appendix, part of the small intestine
define mechanical digestion
breakdown of food into smaller pieces - chewing, food churning in stomach, segmentation (intestines)
Define chemical digestion and where it occurs in digestion
breakdown of food molecules (e.g. carbs) into building blocks (i.e sugars) - occurs in the mouth, stomach and small intestine
what muscle forms the cheeks
buccinator
What is the name of the valve that closes lumen to prevent stomach acid from entering erophagus
cardiac sphincter
How many layers does the muscularis externa of the stomach have and list them
circular, longitudinal and oblique(formation of chyme) (3)
the ________ duct of the gallbladder joins the hepatic duct to form the ______ duct. the function of this duct is to__________.
cystic, bile, empty bile into the duodenum
what is the mesentery and its function
double layer of peritoneum - provides a route for circulatory vessels and nerves
which portion of the S.I. receives bile and pancreatic juices
duodenum
epigastric region
duodenum, parts: liver, stomach and pancreas
Define defecation
elimination of indigestible substances as feces
What is the hole that the esophagus travels through to get to the stomach through the diaghram
esophageal hiatus
What is extrensic muscles of the tongue?
external to the tongue and helps move the tongue within the space
What structure separates the right and left lobes of the liver
falciform ligament
Define injestion
food enters digestive process via the mouth
What is a muscular sac that lies on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver
gallbladder
right hypochondriac region
gallbladder, part of right kidney and liver
What is the transition zone
go from carotanized to mucosal tissue
What is the tongue?
interlacing fascicles of skeletal muscle
give an example of an organ that is found in the retroperitoneal cavity
kidney
What structure connects lips to gum
labial frenulum
left iliac
large and small intestine
left lumbar region
large intestine, small intestine, left kidney
right lumbar region
large intestine, small intestine, right kidney
What structure secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth
lingual frenulum
What organs are found in the alimentary canal
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
define propulsion
movement of food, via perastalsis
right iliac region
name region G
right hypochondriac region
name the region A
Define absorption
nutrients transported from the alimentary canal into blood and lymphatic capillaries
What is another term for the mouth
oral cavity
what muscle forms the lips
orbicularis oris
Which structure forms the roof of the mouth
palate
what lines the body wall
parietal peritoneum
What is the function of the soft palate?
prevents food from going into the nasl cavity when swallowing
What is the function of the salivary glands
produce saliva
what is the longest portion of the alimentary canal and the site of the most enzymatic digestion and absorption
small intestine
left hypochondriac region
spleen, stomach, left kidney, large intestine
Where in the digestive tract food is turned into chyme
stomach
What time of tissue lines the pharynx?
stratified squamous epithelium
What is found in sockets called alveoli in the gums of the maxilla and mandible
teeth
Name the muscular tube that begins as a continuation of the pharynx
the esophagus
which structure is the passage for air and food
the pharynx
Umbilical
transverse colon, small intestine
What structure surrounds the digestive organs
visceral peritoneum
What is intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
within the tongue and helps us curl the tongue