7a. Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning; Operant Conditioning

John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner are known for their study of:

Little Albert and conditioned fear.

Jeff's psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of his relatives that indicate learning. Which example should be included on his list?

Jeff's little brother whines whenever he wants something

Which is NOT an example of learning?

A woman reflexively pulls back her hand from a hot burner.

Which statement BEST captures the basic idea of operant conditioning rather than classical conditioning? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences.

Which statement correctly classifies one of the types of learning mentioned in the textbook?

Operant conditioning is a type of associative learning.

Which example demonstrates that learning has occurred?

avoiding speeding in an area where one received a ticket previously

Five-year-old Arianna is frightened by the noise thunder makes. Arianna associates lightning with thunder because lightning always precedes thunder. Thus, when Arianna sees lightning, she often cries in anticipation that she will hear thunder soon afterward. This is an example of _____ conditioning.

classical

Three-year-old Kirsten was playing with a balloon she was given by her father. While playing with the balloon, it popped in her face, which frightened her and caused her to cry loudly. That weekend, she was attending a birthday party and saw some balloons and began to cry and ran out of the room. This is an example of:

classical conditioning

While 5-year-old Martha was looking at one of the balloons her mother set out for her birthday, Martha's brother Timmy took a pin and popped the balloon, causing her to flinch and blink quickly. Later, during the party, Martha's mother approached her with a balloon and she blinked and flinched. This is an example of:

classical conditioning

In classical conditioning, the _____ response is the learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

conditioned

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person had become a _____ stimulus.

conditioned

Dayton's Narcotics Anonymous sponsor advises him to avoid the people, places, and things associated with his drug use. These people, places, and things are BEST viewed as _____ within the framework of _____ conditioning.

conditioned stimuli; classical

The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called:

conditioning

In Watson and Rayner's experiment with Little Albert, the _____ was the conditioned response.

fear of the white rat

During a typical morning, Colin will check the clock more frequently as the time for his regularly scheduled lunch break approaches. In this case, Colin's clock checking behavior is reinforced on a _____ schedule.

fixed-interval

John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner found that Little Albert's conditioned fear was elicited not only by a rat but also by a number of similar objects. Little Albert's behavior BEST illustrates stimulus:

generalization

Tamika's cat learned to press a lever so more food would be poured into her food bowl. Tamika's roommate's kitten watched the older cat perform this behavior and within a month the kitten was performing this behavior. This is an example of:

observational learning

The cognitive processes in _____ involve the organism developing an expectation that a response will be reinforced or punished with or without reinforcement.

operant conditioning

Which idea is NOT one of Pavlov's major contributions to the field of psychology

that his methods demonstrated the importance of subjective judgments

In classical conditioning, an event that naturally and automatically triggers a response is called a(n):

unconditioned stimulus.

For professional baseball players, swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a _____schedule.

variable-ratio