8-11 MCC FINAL TEST

a. eye contact

For North American audiences, what is the most important aspect of speech delivery? a. eye contact b. gestures c. posture d. volume

a. mapping

Using geometric shapes and arrows to sketch how all the main ideas, subpoints, and supporting material of a speech relate to the central idea and to one another is a technique known as a. mapping. b. previewing. c. flagging. d. piggybacking.

c. suspension

Using a key word or phrase at the end rather than the beginning of a sentence, such as in the statement "She's an inspiration, a best friend, and a teacher; she's also my mom" is a stylistic device known as a. alliteration. b. omission. c. suspension. d. inversion.

a. regionalisms

Words or phrases used uniquely by speakers in one part of a country are a. regionalisms. b. denotations. c. connotations. d. jargon.

a. articulation

Words such as "dint," "mornin," "gunna," and "wanna" are all examples of poor a. articulation. b. dialect. c. inflection. d. intonation.

a. closure

______ is the quality of a conclusion that makes a speech "sound finished." a. Closure b. Proximity c. Credibility d. Charisma

a. Connotation

______ refers to the meaning listeners associate with a word, based on their experience. a. Connotation b. Denotation c. Imagination d. Colloquialism

c. startling statistic

"98 percent of the 2012 graduates of the Thomas Jefferson School of Law in San Diego, California, graduated with an average of $168,800 in student debt." This is an example of a(n) a. rhetorical question. b. personal reference. c. startling statistic. d. anecdote.

c. statement to motivate the audience to respond

"So we must all do something to end domestic violence; we must all be prepared to confront this issue in our own neighborhoods and homes, so that we become part of the solution, not part of the problem." The preceding statement is an example of a a. startling statement. b. restatement of the general purpose. c. statement to motivate the audience to respond. d. preview summary statement.

d. too much caffeine

19 According to the text, which of the following should be avoided before your speech? a. too much sleep b. too much practice c. too much social interaction d. too much caffeine

c. preparation outline

A ______ is a detailed outline of a speech that includes the central idea, main ideas, and supporting material; and that may also include the specific purpose, introduction, conclusion, and references. a. delivery outline b. preview statement c. preparation outline d. final summary

a. audience members believe is well-prepared, thorough and confident

A credible speaker is someone who a. audience members believe is well-prepared, thorough and confident. b. has committed his or her speech to memory. c. avoids the use of showy, attention-getting tactics. d. is willing to learn from the audience.

b. a nonverbal transtion

A planned pause in a speech may be effectively used as a. a verbal transition. b. a nonverbal transition. c. an internal preview. d. a summary statement.

b. a specific purpose statement

A speaker who describes his/her main points as part of the introduction is utilizing what device? a. a credibility statement b. a specific purpose statement c. a preview statement d. an internal summary

b. a problem-solution pattern

A speech organizational pattern which goes one step beyond cause-and-effect to discuss ways to alter, fix, or correct an effect is a. a topical pattern. b. a problem-solution pattern. c. an extended cause-effect pattern. d. a chronological pattern.

c. problem-solution

A speech topic that focuses on an issue that needs resolving can most effectively be organized in a _____ pattern. a. spatial b. recency c. problem-solution d. chronological

b. ethic vernacular

A variety of English that includes words or phrases used by a specific ethnic group is referred to as a. regionalisms. b. ethnic vernacular. c. connotation. d. jargon.

a. onomatopeia

A word that is pronounced like its meaning, such as buzz, demonstrates which of the following? a. onomatopoeia b. omission c. omnipotence d. inversion

b. concrete

A word that is specific and appeals to at least one of our five senses is known as a(n) _____ word. a. abstract b. concrete c. sensual d. simple

a. emotional contagion

According to ______ theory, a speaker should pay attention to how emotions are communicated when delivering a speech because people tend to "catch" the emotions of others. a. emotional contagion b. nonverbal expectancy c. communication delivery d. verbal expectancy

c. nonverbal expectancy

According to ______ theory, listeners have certain expectations about how speakers should communicate. If these expectations are violated, listeners will feel less favorable toward the communicator of the message. a. verbal expectancy b. communication delivery c. nonverbal expectancy d. general semantics

b. a metaphor

An implied comparison between two things or concepts is a. an inversion. b. a metaphor. c. parallelism. d. personification.

c. visualize success

Before Cadence delivers her speech, she closes her eyes and pictures herself confidently walking on stage and delivering her speech in a comfortable, conversational manner. What guideline for effective speech delivery is Cadence following?

b. immediacy

Behaviors such as eye contact, appropriate gestures, and physical closeness that enhance the quality of the relationship between the speaker and listeners are known as _____ behaviors. a. denotative b. immediacy c. delivery d. purposeful

d. cause-effect

Bianca began her speech by describing a chaotic and overflowing waiting area in an emergency room of a public hospital. After completing the description, she began to discuss why emergency rooms are the root of a critical problem within the health care system. What organizational pattern can you detect in Bianca's speech? a. chronological b. spatial c. topical d. cause-effect

d. signposts

Cues throughout a speech about the relationships between a speaker's ideas are known as a. previews. b. nonverbals. c. supports. d. signposts.

a. cause-effect

Deanna makes the claim in her persuasive speech that unregulated car emissions in major urban areas contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, which contributes to global warming. Which organizational pattern is reflected in this example? a. cause-effect b. topical c. problem-solution d. spatial

c. extemporaneous

Delivering a speech in a conversational style from a well-developed and researched outline is termed _____ delivery. a. memorized b. manuscript c. extemporaneous d. impromptu

a. complexity

For a speech about the process of developing a phone app, Saul begins with a primer about what a phone application is, and describes popular versions on the market today. Next, he discusses growth areas in this market. Finally, Saul explains the process of actually building the app, including technical specifications and differentiation between apps for iPhone and those for Android-based smartphones. Which strategy of supporting material organization is reflected here? a. complexity b. recency c. primacy d. "soft" to "hard" evidence

a. topical

For her informative speech, Abigail wants to tell her audience about three important factors to consider when purchasing a new computer. Which organizational pattern lends itself best to this topic? a. topical b. spatial c. chronological d. cause-effect

d. at least two days before

How long before your speech performance should you finish drafting your speech outline? a. at least two weeks before b. at least two hours before c. at least five days before d. at least two days before

c. an internal summary

In Daryl's speech on football, he tells the audience in his introduction that he is going to discuss the history of the sport, some of the rules, and the benefits of playing football on cardiovascular fitness. What type of signpost is Daryl using? a. a transition b. a preview c. an internal summary d. an external summary

a. included within the outline itself

In a preparation outline, your specific purpose should be a. included within the outline itself. b. written at the top. c. written at the bottom. d. included in the works cited page.

b. internal

In addition to using a preview at the beginning of the speech, speakers can use _____ previews at various points throughout the speech. a. miniature b. internal c. cumulative d. summative

d. the degree to which the information directly affects the audience.

In an introduction, proximity refers to a. how close the speaker is to the audience. b. the currency of the information. c. the degree to which the audience trusts the speaker. d. the degree to which the information directly affects the audience.

a. rhetorical

In an introduction, you may ask a question that doesn't require a response but makes the audience think about your topic. This is a(n) ______ question. a. rhetorical b. ambiguous c. hypothetical d. unanswerable

d. a final summary

In her speech April says: "You should now understand the three most-recommended methods for improving your ability to recall people's names: the repetition method, the word-association method, and the visual imagery method. I hope you will put these methods into practice and you will remember my name the next time you see me in the hall." What device is April making use of in her speech? a. a transition b. a preview statement c. an internal preview d. a final summary

b. an inspirational appeal or challenge to the audience

In his speech about registering to vote, Dan explains the new legislation that allows voter registration to coincide with driver's license renewal. But he concludes the speech by stating that any person who is not registered should go by one of several locations that he has listed on the chalkboard to register in time for the next election. Finally, Dan reiterates: "Everyone please register to vote; it's your right and your duty as a citizen." What aspect of effective conclusions has Dan utilized? a. a personal reference to his own experience b. an inspirational appeal or challenge to the audience c. a reference to the introduction d. an effective summary of main points in a speech

b. credibility

It is important in an introduction to build trust with the audience, to have them believe you and like you. This is known as developing speaker a. proximity. b. credibility. c. charisma. d. popularity.

b. when they are extremely interesting, compelling, or very much to the point.

Quotations should be used in a speech a. at least once in every section. b. when they are extremely interesting, compelling, or very much to the point. c. following all historical or occasion references. d. every time you need an introduction.

d. speech conclusion

Reemphasizing the central idea in a memorable way, moving an audience to action, and restating the main ideas are all functions of the a. speech introduction. b. specific purpose. c. central idea. d. speech conclusion.

c. Janet has successfully combined the introductory devices of questions to the audience, statistical information, and a personal reference.

Janet's introduction contained the following remarks: "How many of you know someone who has tried to quit smoking, successfully or unsuccessfully? Have any of the smokers in this audience tried to quit? Well, if you have tried to quit and failed, you are among the 20 percent of Americans who have tried to quit multiple times. A few months ago I tried to quit, for the umpteenth time, but this time I made it. I'd like to tell you exactly how I made it." Which of the following statements is accurate about this introduction? a. Janet has too many devices in this introduction; the audience will be confused rather than intrigued. b. Janet shouldn't discuss her own experience with quitting smoking because it creates distance between her and the audience. c. Janet has successfully combined the introductory devices of questions to the audience, statistical information, and a personal reference. d. Janet has successfully combined the introductory devices of startling statements, reference to historical events, and illustrations.

a. omission

Leaving out a word or phrase that the audience expects to hear uses a word structure known as a. omission. b. personification. c. inversion. d. suspension.

d. to use parallelism in sentences or phrases.

One strategy for creating cadence is a. to leave out a word the audience expects to hear. b. reverse the normal word order in sentences. c. use words with strong personal connotations. d. to use parallelism in sentences or phrases.

d. less formal

Oral style tends to be _____ than written style. a. less repetitive b. more formal c. less personal d. less formal

c. He was using inversion

President George W. Bush, in eulogizing President Reagan, stated when Ronald Reagan was a child he "knew the world as a place of open plains, quiet streets, gas-lit rooms, and carriages drawn by horses." Which language device was President Bush using when he said "carriages drawn by horses"? a. He was using antithesis. b. He was using metaphor. c. He was using inversion. d. He was using personification.

a. the amount of time you spend preparing and rehearsing it.

Research suggests that one of the best predictors of the effectiveness of a speech is a. the amount of time you spend preparing and rehearsing it. b. the amount of experience you have with the speech topic. c. your familiarity with the audience. d. the amount of external noise present during your delivery.

a. personification

Statements such as, "Money talks," "That's my car; isn't she beautiful," and "The wind moaned and screeched," are all examples of a. personification. b. personalism. c. metaphors. d. similes.

b. signal the end of the speech

Terms like "finally," "in conclusion," and "in closing" are examples of devices that a. motivate an audience to respond or be moved to action. b. signal the end of the speech. c. summarize the main points in a speech. d. reemphasize the main point in a memorable way.

d. personal reference

Thanking someone for inviting you to speak, as part of your introduction, is called a a. rhetorical device. b. reference to a recent event. c. personal illustration. d. personal reference.

a. about 120 to 180 words per minute.

The best speaking rate for a public speaker is known to be a. about 120 to 180 words per minute. b. less than 100 words per minute. c. dependent upon one's speaking style and the message. d. dependent upon the speaking rate of the average audience member.

c. get the audience's attention

The first priority in an introduction is to a. reveal the topic. b. preview the main ideas. c. get the audience's attention. d. establish credibility.

b. denotation

The literal or dictionary meaning of a word is its a. connotation. b. denotation. c. regionalism. d. vernacular.

d. stationary

The most common type of microphone is the ______ microphone. This is the type that is most often attached to a lectern, sitting on a desk, or standing on the floor. a. boom b. lavaliere c. superscope d. stationary

a. cadence

The rhythm of language is known as a. cadence. b. drama. c. suspension. d. inversion.

a. jargon

The specialized language of a profession is a. jargon. b. vernacular. c. dialect. d. regionalism.

b. alliteration

The statement, "Now is the time for determination, decisiveness, and dedication" employs what linguistic device? a. antithesis b. alliteration c. repetition d. parallelism

d. concise

The term ______ means succinct or to the point. a. denotation b. jargon c. cliché d. concise

a. inflection

The variation in the pitch of the voice is referred to as a. inflection. b. pronunciation. c. articulation. d. dialect.

c. a sentence that has two parts with parallel structures but contrasting meanings.

The word structure antithesis refers to a. using a key word or phrase more than once for emphasis. b. having two or more clauses or sentences with the same grammatical pattern. c. a sentence that has two parts with parallel structures but contrasting meanings. d. the repetition of consonant sound several times in a phrase, clause, or sentence.

d. an anecdote

What does the text state is the most inherently interesting type of supporting material? a. a reference to historical events b. a question c. a quotation d. an anecdote

.c an overused expression

What is a cliché? a. a dictionary definition of a word b. a speech device used to present specific information c. an overused expression d. a concrete word or phrase which expresses clear communication

b. nonverbal communication

What is most important when a speaker is communicating emotional feelings, attitudes, likes, and dislikes to an audience? a. verbal communication b. nonverbal communication c. a thoughtfully selected speech topic d. a clearly organized outline

d. it can help relax the audience and win their goodwill for the rest of the speech.

What is one benefit of using humor in your introduction? a. It can make the audience feel like they are watching a comedian rather than a public speaker. b. It can distract the audience from the seriousness of the speech topic. c. It can make the speaker appear more informed on his or her topic. d. It can help relax the audience and win their goodwill for the rest of the speech.

b. It gives rhythm and power to the message.

What is one benefit of using repetition in a speech? a. It creates a sense of contrast. b. It gives rhythm and power to your message. c. It builds suspense, which captures audience interest. d. It surprises the audience, creating a sense of drama.

a. it provides a sense of closure

What is the purpose of making a reference to the introduction in the conclusion? a. It provides a sense of closure. b. It is a way to develop proximity. c. It requires less work because you can reuse material. d. It is a way to build speaker credibility.

a. the speaker sets the tone for immediacy

When a speaker decides to incorporate immediacy behaviors into a speech, he or she must ensure that a. the speaker sets the tone for immediacy. b. these behaviors do not violate listener's expectations. c. the speaker incorporates overly dramatic gestures for impact. d. these behaviors surprise and challenge the audience.

c. impromptu

When asked to deliver a speech at the very last moment, the type of delivery style you will likely use is a. extemporaneous. b. manuscript. c. impromptu. d. memorized.

b. use at least two subdivisions, if any, for each point.

When creating your preparation outline, you should a. use one subdivision for each point. b. use at least two subdivisions, if any, for each point. c. use no more than two subdivisions for each point. d. avoid subdividing main points.

c. chronological

When explaining the progress of molecular discoveries, Shanthan began by discussing Mendel's 1866 studies about inheritance of biological traits in peas, ending with recent information about the human genome project. Which pattern of organization did Shanthan employ in his speech? a. topical b. spatial c. chronological d. cause-effect

a. primacy

When you present the most important or convincing idea first in your speech, you are using the principle of a. primacy. b. redundancy. c. complexity. d. recency.

c. standing up

When you rehearse your speech, you should do so a. sitting down. b. with your eyes closed. c. standing up. d. without any speaking notes.

b. It can enhance your credibility by showing that you are knowledgeable about current affairs.

Which of the following is TRUE of making a reference to a recent event in your introduction? a. Most audiences find this introduction tactic somewhat boring. b. It can enhance your credibility by showing that you are knowledgeable about current affairs. c. If you choose to use a recent event in your introduction, it must be an event that has occurred within the last week or, at the very most, month. d. It is a risky tactic because it can confuse audience members who don't follow current affairs.

b. summarize the main ideas

Which of the following is a purpose of a speech conclusion? a. provide new material b. summarize the main ideas c. stir guilt in the audience d. fade out gradually

c. Roman numerals

Which of the following should be used to indicate main points in a preparation outline? a. asterisks b. capitalized letters c. Roman numerals d. prime numbers

d. They should include delivery cues.

Which of the following strategies is correct regarding speaking notes? a. They should refer to your purpose statement, but not your central idea. b. They should not be written in standard outline format. c. They should contain your full introduction and conclusion. d. They should include delivery cues.

a. to make sure it flows well before you finalize it in written form

Why should you rehearse your speech aloud before preparing your speaking notes? a. to make sure it flows well before you finalize it in written form b. to determine where you need notes to prompt yourself c. to plan the placement of gestures throughout speech d. to encourage memorization, so hopefully you won't even need your speaking notes during the speech

a. verbal transiton

Words and phrases such as "in addition," "in other words," and "therefore," are examples of a. verbal transitions. b. organizational material. c. nonverbal signposts. d. summary statements.