8.4 - Six types of synovial joint shapes determine the movements that can occur at a joint

ball and socket joint

Cup (socket) and spherical head (ball)

saddle joint

Example: Carpometacarpal joints of thumbs

hinge joint

Example: Elbow joints, interphalangeal joints

plane joint

Example: Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces

condylar joint

Example: Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints

pivot joint

Example: Proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint

ball and socket joint

Example: Shoulder joints and hip joints

hinge joint

Has cylinder and trough articular surfaces

pivot joint

Includes sleeve (bone and ligament) and axle (rounded bone)

Plane joint

Joint formed between two bones in which the articular, or free, surfaces of the bones are flat or nearly flat, enabling the bones to slide over each other

Saddle joint

Joint in which the opposing articular surfaces are concave and convex

ball and socket joint

Joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other kind of joint

pivot joint

Joint that permits rotary movement of bones, around a single axis; two bones connect (a cylinder-shaped bone rotates inside another ligament that forms a ring around the joint)

hinge joint

Joint that serves to allow motion primarily in one plane; made of up of two or more bones with articular surfaces that are covered by hyaline cartilage and lubricated by synovial fluid

condylar joint

Joint with an ovoid articular surface or condyle that is receive into an elliptical cavity; permits movement in two planes; similar to a ball-and-socket joint but does not allow for full rotation

Biaxial Medial/lateral axis --> flexion and extension Anterior/posterior axis --> adduction and abduction

Range of movement and movement type of condylar joint

Uniaxial Medial/lateral axis --> flexion and extension

Range of movement and movement type of hinge joint

Uniaxial Vertical axis --> rotation

Range of movement and movement type of pivot joint

Nonaxial gliding

Range of movement and movement type of plane joint

Biaxial Medial/lateral axis --> adduction and abduction Anterior/posterior axis --> flexion and extension

Range of movement and movement type of saddle joint

Biaxial Medial/lateral axis à adduction and abduction Anterior/posterior axis à flexion and extension

Range of movement and movement type of saddle joint

1. Plane 2. Hinge 3. Pivot 4. Condylar 5. Saddle 6. Ball and socket

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Ball and socket

Which synovial joint type allows the greatest freedom of movement?

Condylar and saddle

Which synovial joint type(s) is/are biaxial?

ball and socket

Which synovial joint type(s) is/are multiaxial?

plane

Which synovial joint type(s) is/are nonaxial?

Hing and pivot

Which synovial joint type(s) is/are uniaxial?

condylar joint

Oval articular surfaces