8.4 - Six types of synovial joint shapes determine the movements that can occur at a joint
ball and socket joint
Cup (socket) and spherical head (ball)
saddle joint
Example: Carpometacarpal joints of thumbs
hinge joint
Example: Elbow joints, interphalangeal joints
plane joint
Example: Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces
condylar joint
Example: Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints
pivot joint
Example: Proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint
ball and socket joint
Example: Shoulder joints and hip joints
hinge joint
Has cylinder and trough articular surfaces
pivot joint
Includes sleeve (bone and ligament) and axle (rounded bone)
Plane joint
Joint formed between two bones in which the articular, or free, surfaces of the bones are flat or nearly flat, enabling the bones to slide over each other
Saddle joint
Joint in which the opposing articular surfaces are concave and convex
ball and socket joint
Joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other kind of joint
pivot joint
Joint that permits rotary movement of bones, around a single axis; two bones connect (a cylinder-shaped bone rotates inside another ligament that forms a ring around the joint)
hinge joint
Joint that serves to allow motion primarily in one plane; made of up of two or more bones with articular surfaces that are covered by hyaline cartilage and lubricated by synovial fluid
condylar joint
Joint with an ovoid articular surface or condyle that is receive into an elliptical cavity; permits movement in two planes; similar to a ball-and-socket joint but does not allow for full rotation
Biaxial Medial/lateral axis --> flexion and extension Anterior/posterior axis --> adduction and abduction
Range of movement and movement type of condylar joint
Uniaxial Medial/lateral axis --> flexion and extension
Range of movement and movement type of hinge joint
Uniaxial Vertical axis --> rotation
Range of movement and movement type of pivot joint
Nonaxial gliding
Range of movement and movement type of plane joint
Biaxial Medial/lateral axis --> adduction and abduction Anterior/posterior axis --> flexion and extension
Range of movement and movement type of saddle joint
Biaxial Medial/lateral axis à adduction and abduction Anterior/posterior axis à flexion and extension
Range of movement and movement type of saddle joint
1. Plane 2. Hinge 3. Pivot 4. Condylar 5. Saddle 6. Ball and socket
What are the six types of synovial joints?
Ball and socket
Which synovial joint type allows the greatest freedom of movement?
Condylar and saddle
Which synovial joint type(s) is/are biaxial?
ball and socket
Which synovial joint type(s) is/are multiaxial?
plane
Which synovial joint type(s) is/are nonaxial?
Hing and pivot
Which synovial joint type(s) is/are uniaxial?
condylar joint
Oval articular surfaces
