A&P Ch. 16

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue?

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin?

All of the answers are correct

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adenohypophysis

The link between first messenger and second messenger in cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

a G protein

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ____ when released into the bloodstream, but ____ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the

hypothalamus

The parathyroid lands produce a hormone that

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

When blood glucose levels rise,

insulin is released

Pinealocytes produce

melatonin

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands is

prolactin

The testes produce

testosterone

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

The ____ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

adrenal

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

aldosterone

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of

aldosterone

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces

androgens

All of the following are TRUE of steroid hormones EXCPET that they

are produced by the adrenal medulla

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following EXCEPT

build up bone

A hormone that callower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

calcitonin

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

calmodulin

Growth hormone does all of the following EXCEPT

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes

Peptide hormones are

composed of amino acids

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

cortex

A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is

cortisol

Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?

cyclic AMP

Damage to cells of the zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex would result in

decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose

All of the following are results of thyroid hormone EXCEPT

decreased heart rate and force of contraction

All of the following are types of intercellular communication EXCEPT

exocrine

Alpha cells are to ____ as beta cells are to____.

glucagon; insulin

The zona foasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces

glucocorticoids

The hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

gonadotropins

All target cells

have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals

Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

in the lumen of the thyroid follicle

Thyroid hormone contains the element

iodine

Each of the following is true of the pineal gland EXCEPT that it

is a component of the hypothalamus

Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?

loss of ADH secretion

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the

medulla

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

neurohypophysis

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin

The F cells of the pancreatic islets produce

pancreatic plolypeptide

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative EXCEPT

thyroid-stimulating hormone

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thyroxine

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid

tyrosine

Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is amusing her to have a deep voice, grow extensive body hair, and stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves the cells of the

zona reticularis

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex

gene transcription is initiated

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is

ACTH

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released

Changes is blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

ADH

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH

An activated G protein can trigger

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex?

OXT

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following EXCEPT

ACTH levels

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones?

ADH

Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

ADH and OXT

When a G protein becomes activated and cause an activation of enzymes,

ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?

All of the answers are correct

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect

All of the answers are correct

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include

All of the answers are correct

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release

All of the answers are correct

The hormone oxytocin

All of the answers are correct

Increase levels of the hormone ____ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

PTH

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

The intracellular protein ____ binds to calcium ions. This complex can the activate enzymes.

calmodulin

The pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

contain four types of endocrine cells

A hormone that promotes glucose formation in the liver is

cortisol

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The ovaries secrete ____ when stimulated by FSH.

estrogen

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone

The two lobers of the thyroid gland are connected by the

isthmus

The hypophyseal portal system

All of the answers are correct

The targets for insulin is/are

All of the answers are correct

The lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

9

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces

digestive enzymes

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development is testes is

FSH

____ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is FALSW

It pleases secretions through gap junctions

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

LH

The hypothalamus acts a both a neural and a(n) ____ organ.

endocrine

The adrenal medulla produces

epinephrine

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

epinephrine

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardia arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormones

The hormone the does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

TSH plays a role in the ____ of thyroid hormones.

production and release

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the

second messenger appears in the cytoplase

The hypothalamus controls secretions by the anterior pituitary by

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system

Cells can respond to ____ hormone(s) at a time

several

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

somatomedins

Receptors for all of the following hormones are found are found in the cell membranes of target cells EXCEPT

steroid hormones

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

aldosterone

The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones in

all layers of the cortex

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are

amino acid derivatives

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is

insulin