A&P Chapter 12
Which one of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response:
Fever.
Which one of the following is NOT a type of immunosuppressive therapy given after surgery to prevent rejection of a graft:
Gamma globulin.
The relatively common autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine is called:
Graves' disease.
Troublesome small molecules or imcomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ________.
Haptens.
AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________.
Helper T cells.
The body's temperature-regulating "thermostat" that can be reset upward in response to pyrogens is located in the:
Hypothalamus.
Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes:
IgB.
Which immediate hypersensitivity, the antibody class that binds to mast cells and basophils that trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals is:
IgE.
The specific antibody class that has the ability to cross the placental barrier and provide immunity to the fetus is:
IgG.
The five major immunoglobulin classes are ________.
IgM, IgA, IdD, IgG, IgE.
Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be:
Immunocompetent.
Antibodies constitute an important part of blood proteins and are also referred to as ________.
Immunoglobulins.
The study of immunity is called:
Immunology.
The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist is determined by:
Individual genetic makeup.
Tissues invaded by viruses, which attempt to replicate themselves by taking over cellular machinery, secrete small proteins called ________ to protect nearby cells and hinder further multiplication of the viruses.
Interferon.
IgA:
Is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva.
The fluid that is forced out of the capillary beds by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and into the tissue spaces is called:
Lymph.
Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________.
MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue).
The specific type of acquired immunity that a fetus obtains from maternal antibodies that cross the placenta is called:
Naturally required passive immunity.
The binding of antibodies to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins or viruses is called ________.
Neutralization.
The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called:
Neutralization.
One effect of complement fixation that causes the cell membranes of foreign cells to become sticky so that they are easier to phagocytize is called ________.
Opsonization.
Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called ________.
Pathogens.
The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called:
Peyer's patches.
Which one of the following CANNOT be said about the history of immunity:
Scientists of the mid-1900s discovered the viral origin of AIDS.
Cells studded with protein molecules found on our own that do not trigger an immune response within us (but may within other) are called ________.
Self-antigens (autoantigens).
Which of the following substances is NOT typically perceived as an antigen:
Self-antigens.
The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is:
Skin and mucous membranes.
Compared to the nonspecific chemicals that cover body surfaces and mucous membranes, the specific body defense system is:
Slower.
Vaccines are NOT for:
Snake bites.
The role of the ________ in the lymphatic system is to remove worn-out blood cells and return some of the products to the liver.
Spleen.
Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver:
Spleen.
Which of these lymphoid organs is found along the left side of the abdominal cavity:
Spleen.
The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT:
Stimulate release of lysozyme.
Fever has the effect of doing all of the following EXPECT:
Stimulating complement fixation.
Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of:
T cells.
Which one of the following is NOT true of basic antibody structure:
The light chains are often of differing lengths.
Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return:
The pumping action of the heart.
Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease:
AIDS.
When B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies against them, we exhibit ________.
Active immunity.
The clumping of foreign cells, a type of antigen-antibody reaction, is called ________.
Agglutination.
Antigens that produce abnormally vigorous immune responses whereby the immune system causes tissue damage as it fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless are called ________.
Allergens or hypersensitivities.
An isograft is a tissue graft is donated by:
An identical twin.
Systemic (bodywide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________.
Anaphylactic shock.
Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses:
Antibody production.
Which one of the following is NOT a type of lymphoid organ:
Appendix.
What specific type of acquired immunity do vaccines provide:
Artificially acquired active immunity.
Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the ________.
Blood plasma.
B cells develop immunocompetence in the:
Bone marrow.
The migration of phagocytes and white blood cells to an inflamed area along a chemical gradient is called:
Chemotaxis.
The process by which WBCs and phagocytes migrate to an area experiencing acute inflammation is called ________.
Chemotaxis.
Which one of the following is NOT a method by which antibodies inactive antigens:
Chemotaxis.
When an antigen binds to B cells surface receptors, it becomes sensitized (activated) and undergoes ________.
Clonal selection.
The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________.
Complement fixation.
Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called ________.
Cytotoxic T cells.
Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to:
Delayed hypersensitivity.
The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process called:
Diapedesis.
The process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls is called ________.
Diapedesis.
Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.
Edema.
Lymph exits the lymph node via the ________ vessels.
Efferent lymphatic.
A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called ________.
Elephantiasis.
Which one of the following is NOT true of macrophages:
They circulate continuously throughout the body.
Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies:
They form an antigen-binding site.
Which one of the following is NOT true of lymph nodes:
They have valves similar to those found in veins.
Lymph from the left arm would return to the heart through the:
Thoracic duct.
The lymph organ that promotes T cells and functions at peak levels only during youth is the:
Thymus.
Musoca-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes:
Tonsils and Peyer's patches.
Which lymphoid tissues tap and remove bacteria entering the throat:
Tonsils.
Lymph flows:
Toward the heart only.
The fibrous capsule of lymph nodes contain strands called ________ that divide the node into compartments.
Trabeculae.
Immune sera are used for all of the following EXCEPT:
Tuberculosis.