A&P Final : Chapter 4

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A large calorie unit used to measure food energy is equal to the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by...

1 degree celsius

The American Heart Association recommends that the percentage of calories in a person's diet derived from fats should not exceed...

30%

A protein deficiency may be accompanied by edema because of...

A decrease in plasma proteins and therefore a decrease in osmotic pressure

Insulin causes...

A decrease in the concentration of blood glucose

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is caused by...

A disorder of the immune system

The condition called diabetes insipidus is caused by...

A lack of ADH

A negative nitrogen balance is characterized by...

A net loss of amino acids

As a group, fat-soluble vitamins are...

Absorbed more readily in the presence of bile salts

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Growth hormone...

All of these; enhances the movement of amino acids into cells, inreases the rate of protein synthesis, increases the rate of fate metabolism.

The most common form of hyperthyroidism is called graves' disease and is caused by...

An autoimmune disorder

As a result of the general response to stress, the blood concentrations of epinephrine...

And cortisol rise

Which of the following is secreted by nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Antidiuretic hormone

What constituent of bile has a digestive function?

Bile salts

The root canal of a tooth contains...

Blood vessels and nerves

The hormone that causes calcium to be deposited in bone is...

Calcitonin

As an energy source, body cells preferentially use...

Carbohydrates

The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest...

Carbohydrates

Gallstones are usually composed of...

Cholesterol

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the...

Concentration of blood calcium

Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to...

Conserve sodium and potassium

Cretenism results from...

Deficiency of thyroid hormones at birth

A hiatal hernia is due to a weakness of the...

Diaphragm

Which of the following provide a source of complete proteins?

Eggs

Which of the following is the right sequence for the digestion of lipids...

Emulsification by bile, hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase, dissolved in the epithelial cell membrane, formation of chlyomicrons, diffusion into lacteal ducts.

Bile salts act like detergents in that they _____ fat globules.

Emulsify

The food substance most clearly associated with the development of cancer is...

Fats

Which of the following hormones exerts its effect primarily upon the reproductive organs?

Follicle stimulating hormone

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract...

From the pharynx to the anus

The basic food group that supplies the best source of vitamin C is...

Fruits and Vegetables

Which of the following provides a short-term energy source after cellular glucose supplies are depleted?

Glycogen

The loss of teeth is most commonly associated with diseases of the...

Gums and dental pulp

If the blood vessels of the anal columns become enlarged, the condition is called...

Hemorrhoids

The bile canals of the liver unite to form the...

Hepatic ducts

Control of hormone secretion is essential to maintain...

Homestasis

The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete...

Hydrochloric acid

A person with an abnormally high metabolic rate, who is underweight, and has protruding eyes, is exhibiting symptoms of...

Hyperthyroidism

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland made?

In the Hypothalamus

Gastrin, which is secreted by stomach cells, functions to...

Increase the secretions of the gastric glands.

Beverage alcohol causes increase in urine production by...

Inhibiting the secretion of ADH

The effects of Sympathetic nerve impulses on the alimentary canal are ______ and parasympathetic impulses are ______.

Inhibitory, or slow down the activity; stimulative, or cause increases in activity.

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus results from...

Insensitivity of cells to insulin

Simple goiter is most likely to affect people who live in regions where the soil lacks...

Iodine

Which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

Lipids

The basic food group that supplies the richest source of calcium is...

Milk and dairy products

The correct sequence for the layers within the layers of the Alimentary Canal from inside to outside is the...

Mucous membrane, submucosa, muscular layer, serous layer.

Chylomicrons transport dietary fats to ______ through blood.

Muscles

As a rule, hormone concentrations are controlled by...

Negative feedback mechanisms

The cells that are most dependent upon the continual supply of glucose are those of the...

Nervous system

The main part of the stomach is called the...

None of these; Fundic region, pyloric region, cardiac region.

Vitamin B complex refers to vitamins that...

Occur together in foods

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Pancreas

The vitamin that functions as part of coenzyme A is...

Pantothenic acid

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretions?

Prolcatin

Various anti-inflammatory drugs such as asprin, that are used to treat the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritisby inhibiting the production of...

Prostaglandins

Cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of...

Protein and fat in the small intestine.

Kwashiorkor is a condition that may develop in children who have dietary deficiencies of...

Proteins

A characteristic shared by all enzymes involved in protein digestion is that all are...

Secreted in an inactive form

Mixing in the small intestine is accomplished by...

Segmentation

Nonsteroid hormones act upon their target cells by causing...

The activation of adenylate cyclase

Hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus are released in...

The neurohypophysis

Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the...

Thyroid gland

Which of the following is a protein-splitting enzyme found in pancreatic juice?

Trypsin

Night blindness is most likely to be caused by a deficiency of...

Vitamin A

the fat-soluble vitamins include...

Vitamin A, D, and K

The condition called osteomalacia is caused by a deficiency of...

Vitamin D

Which of the following vitamins has steroid, hormone-like characteristics and promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorous from the intestine?

Vitamin D

Intrinsic factor regulates the absorption of...

Vitamin b12

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to...

reabsorb water from chyme


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