A&P II heart pt 1

What is the function of chordae tendineae?

"To anchor AV valve cusps" to ventricular walls to prevent back flow.of blood into atria from ventricles during ventricular contractions.

Is the blood vessel 02 rich or 02 poor?

02 poor

Is the blood ejected from the left ventricle into the blood vessel 02 poor or 02 rich?

02 rich

What is the function of the foramen ovale

Allow blood flow from right to left atrium while lungs develop in fetus.

What is CAD- coronary artery disease?

Areas of partial or complete blockage in coronary arteries which affect blood supply to the heart muscle. Cardiac muscle cells need a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients a decrease in blood flow to heart muscle reduces cardiac performance.

What is the name of the type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart?

Arteries

List the blood vessel the left ventricle sends blood to:

Ascending aorta

What artery carries blood to the aortic arch?

Ascending aorta branches

Where is the coronary sinus located?

Begins on anterior surface of ventricles along anterior Interventricular sulcus when it reaches level of atria it curves to the left side of the heart inside the coronary sulcus.

Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?

Between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch in order?

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

What type of blood vessel is called an exchange vessel?

Capillaries

What is the function of the Systemic Circuit?

Carry 02 rich blood from heart to body tissues, return 02 poor blood back to heart

What is the function of papillary muscles?

Contractions pull on the chordae tendineae which tug on the AV heart valves to keep them closed during ventricular contraction.

What does CABG mean?

Coronary artery bypass graft. Small section of another vessel is removed..

Does the coronary sinus or the aortic sinus supply blood to the coronary arteries?

Coronary sinus

Where is the epicardium tissue located?

Covers the surface of the heart outer layer

What is a sulcus?

Deep groove

After the ascending aorta becomes the aortic arch what is it called after the aortic arch as the aorta continues into the thoracic region of the body?

Descending aorta

What does the chordae tendineae attach to the papillary muscles?

Each cusp of the AV valves

What type of tissue lines the 4 chambers of the heart?

Endocardium

Why are capillaries called an exchange vessel?

Exchanges materials between blood and tissues

What is the function of the Pulmonary Circuit?

Gas exchange

Myocardial Infarction is another name for?

Heart attack

Where is the Foramen Ovale located?

In fetal heart

The pectinate muscles are located where?

In the right atrium

Where is the moderator band located?

In the right ventricle

Where are the papillary muscles located?

In the ventricles

Which chamber(s) sends blood to the left ventricle?

Left atrium

Which chamber(s) sends blood to the Systemic Circuit?

Left ventricle

Do arteries always carry 02 rich blood?

Mainly but there is an exception which is the blood that goes to the lungs from the right ventricle via pulmonary trunk before reaching the lungs.

What is another name for the bicuspid valve?

Mitral valve

What type of tissue makes up the interventricular septum?

Myocardium

When the blood enters the heart is it part of the systemic or pulmonary circuit?

Neither

The Pulmonary veins carry blood 02 rich or 02 poor?

O2 rich

Where is the aortic sinus located?

Origin of right and left coronary arteries

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium:

Outer layer of pericardial sac; prevents over stretching of heart, protects it and anchors it to diaphragm which stabilizes its position in the thoracic cavity.

What is the name of the outer layer of the pericardium cavity?

Parietal pericardium

What is the function of the semilunar valves?

Prevent back flow of blood from vessels that exit ventricles after the blood is pushed out of ventricles during contraction.

List the blood vessel the right ventricle sends blood to:

Pulmonary arteries

What circuit are the pulmonary veins a part of?

Pulmonary circuit

List the blood vessels in the pulmonary Circuit in order starting at the beginning of the circuit:

Pulmonary trunk, right and left pulmonary arteries, capillaries, right and left pulmonary veins.

Which chamber(s) sends blood to the Pulmonary Circuit?

Right ventricle

Where is the interatrial septum located?

Separates atria

Where is the interventricular septum located?

Separates ventricles

What is in the pericardial cavity?

Serous fluid

Where is the pericardial cavity located?

Space between visceral and parietal pericardium

What circuit is the Superior Vena Cava vein in?

Systemic circuit

What is the name of the connective tissue that lines the heart chambers?

The endocardium

What is endocardium and where is it located?

The endocardium is a thin, smooth tissue that makes up the lining of the chambers and valves of the heart. The innermost layer of the heart's walls serves as a barrier between cardiac muscles and the bloodstream and contains necessary blood vessels.

Where did the Superior Vena Cava vein receive blood from?

The head and arms.

What brings blood into the right atrium?

The inferior and superior vena cava vein

Which ventricle's musculature is larger than the other one?

The left ventricle is thicker and more muscular than the right ventricle because it pumps blood at a higher pressure.

Where did the Pulmonary veins receive blood from?

The lungs.

Where is the apex of the heart located?

The most inferior aspect of the heart

Which heart chamber(s) contains deoxygenated blood?

The right atrium

The pulmonary semilunar valve is between what?

The right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

List the 2 vessels that mark the end of the systemic circuit:

The superior and inferior vena cavae.

Where is the base of the heart located?

The top of the heart (superior)

Where is the descending aorta carrying blood to?

The trunk, organs in the trunk and lower extremities

Where is auricle located?

They are attached to the anterior surface of the outer walls of the atria.

What happens to the Atrioventricular valves when the ventricles contract?

They are closed

Why are they called atrioventricular valves?

They are located between the atria and the ventricles

What happens to the semilunar valves when the ventricles contract?

They are open

Where are the branches of the aortic arch carrying blood to?

To the brain and arms

What is the name of the valve located between the right atrium & right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve

What is the name of the type of blood vessel that carries blood to the heart?

Veins

What is another name for the epicardium?

Visceral pericardium

What is a septum?

Wall

Where is the fossa Ovalis located?

Where Shallow depression left in adult heart from closure of foramen ovale

Aortic semilunar valve-

between left ventricle and ascending aorta artery.

Pulmonary semilunar valve-

between right ventricle and pulmonary arteries.

Where is the posterior interventricular sulcus is located?

between the right and left ventricle (chamber) on the posterior aspect of the external heart.

Where is the interventricular sulcus is located?

between the right ventricle and the left ventricle on the anterior aspect of the external heart.

Arteries

carry blood AWAY from the heart,

veins

carry blood TOWARD the heart.

What is an auricle?

increase the capacity of the atrium and increase the volume of blood that is able to contain.

List the 2 chambers of the heart that receive blood into them:

left and right atrium

Where is the coronary artery found on the anterior side of the heart?

left anterior descending artery branches off the left coronary artery

What type of tissue makes up the interventricular septum?

muscular and fibrous tissue.

When blood leaves the left ventricle what vessel does it enter?

pulmonary artery

What brings blood to the left atrium?

pulmonary veins

List the 2 chambers of the heart that are considered to be "pumps" that push blood out of the heart into arteries:

right and left ventricle

The coronary sulcus is located between what?

the atria and the ventricles anteriorly and posteriorly on the external heart.

The Pulmonary veins carry blood to

the left atrium chamber.

The Superior Vena Cava carries blood to where?

the right atrium

List the 2 atrioventricular valves:

tricuspid AV valve and bicuspid AV valve