A&P

fibrocartilage.

Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to:

collagen

The major organic component of bone extracellular matrix is __________.

ilium, ischium, pubis

What three bones fuse during childhood to form the coxal bone?

grow in width

Appositional growth allows bones to __________.

Growth in Width

Appositional growth produces

6-8 weeks

How long does bone repair generally take?

12

How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?

laterally-pointing ischial tuberosities.

A female's pelvis typically has:

diarthrosis

A freely moveable joint is classified as a __________.

amphiarthrosis

A joint that allows only a small amount of movement is called a(n) __________.

suture

A synarthrosis that forms between adjacent bones of the skull is called a __________.

movement of a body part away from the midline

Abduction is a __________.

appositional bone growth increases

As a result of the increase of testosterone at puberty for males

osteoblasts

Bone cells that are found in the endosteum and periosteum and build bone are called __________.

calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin K

Bone growth and remodeling depends on adequate intake of

osteoclasts

Bone resorption requires the activity of

Osteoclast

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

uniaxial joint

Classify the elbow, which acts like a hinge and allows motion in only one perpendicular plane.

multiaxial (triaxial) joint

Classify the shoulder joint.

fibrous

Classify these joints to the correct structural classification: sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

3, 5, 2, 1, 4

Correctly order the following key steps in the process of endochondral ossification. Chondrocytes die. Osteoblasts build the bone collar on the external surface of the bone. Perichondrium is invaded by blood vessels. In the primary ossification center, osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with early spongy bone. Perichondrial cells differentiate into osteogenic cells then into osteoblasts.

intramembranous ossification

Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.

bone deposition exceeds bone resorption

For a person who starts running for exercise, _______.

short bones

How are carpals and tarsals classified by shape?

skull bones

Intramembranous ossification occurs in:

fontanels.

Membranous areas, or "soft spots," seen in the skull of an infant are called:

osteoclasts are to bone resorption.

Osteoblasts are to bone deposition as: osteoclasts are to

2, 4, 3, 1

Place the following steps of bone repair in the correct sequence. 1. The bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone. 2. A hematoma fills the gap between bone fragments. 3. Osteoblasts built a new bone callus. 4. Fibroblasts and chondroblasts infiltrate the hematoma and a soft callus forms

diaphysis

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the

hyaline cartilage; fibrocartilage

Synchondroses unite bones with ________ while symphyses unites bones with ________.

diarthroses

Synovial joints are __________.

wider pubic arch

The female pelvis has a __________ than the male pelvis.

triglyceride storage

The function of yellow bone marrow is

triglyceride storage.

The function of yellow bone marrow is:

shoulder joint

The glenoid cavity is the socket of the __________.

bone deposition

The hormone calcitonin causes an increase in __________.

plane joint

The least mobile synovial joint, which is comprised of two bones whose flat surfaces articulate with each other, is called a __________.

diaphysis

The long, tubular shaft of a long bone is called __________.

syndesmoses

The most moveable fibrous joints are the __________.

is located within tendons.

The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone since it:

osteons

The structural units of mature compact bone are called

osteons

The structural units of mature compact bone are called:

tendon

The structure that connects muscle to bone is called a __________.

sacral vertebrae

Vertebrae in which region are fused in adults?

hyoid bone

What bone does NOT articulate with any other bones?

canaliculi

What canals connect lacunae together?

bones

What do ligaments connect together?

collagen

What fiber is commonly associated with fibrous joints?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?

hematopoiesis

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Epiphyseal Plate

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

epiphyseal plate

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

Hyaline cartilage

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

hyaline cartilage

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

Appositional Growth

What type of bone growth do you think a 40-year-old male experiences?

superior and inferior costal facets

What unique feature is present only on the thoracic vertebrae?

proximal radioulnar joint of the forearm

Where can pronation and supination occur?

between the intercarpal joints of the wrist

Where would a gliding movement most likely occur?

Canaliculi

Which canals connect lacunae together?

Osteoblasts

Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?

Calcitonin

Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, works opposite to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

trabeculae

Which of the following are NOT components of an osteon?

os coxa

Which of the following bones is NOT from the axial skeleton?

intervertebral disc

Which of the following cartilaginous joints functions primarily in protection and shock absorption of the spinal column?

epiphyseal plate

Which of the following cartilaginous joints is found only in young, growing people?

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts.

Which of the following events does NOT happen during endochondral ossification?

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts.

Which of the following events happens during intramembranous ossification?

Calcified cartilage is replaced with bone.

Which of the following happens closest to the diaphysis of a bone that is growing in length?

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following hormones does NOT cause bone growth?

provides wastes to cells in the joint cavity

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?

shoulder

Which of the following is NOT a location where a hinge joint is found?

fossa

Which of the following is NOT an opening in a bone?

vitamin storage and fluid homeostasis

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the skeletal system?

ligamentous

Which of the following is NOT one of the structural classes for classification of joints?

synchondrosis

Which of the following is a cartilaginous joint?

It stimulates the intestines to absorb calcium.

Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Articular cartilage

Which of the following persists for life?

Pressure

Which of the following promotes bone resorption?

frontal suture

Which of the following should not be present in an adult skull?

testosterone

Which of these is NOT a dietary factor that influences bone remodeling?

Infants

Whose bone marrow is mostly red?

Articular cartilage allows bones to rub together with reduced friction at joints.

Why is articular cartilage necessary for long bones?

Zone of proliferation

Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?