Abdomen Review Ch 7-9
What is the most common benign solid tumor of the adrenal gland? Adrenal adenoma Adrenal rest Neuroblastoma Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal adenoma
Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling the amount of sodium and water in The Body? Epinephrine Cortisol Aldosterone ACTH
Aldosterone
The diameter of the IVC should never exceed 1.5 cm 2.5 cm 3.5 cm 8mm
2.5 cm
What is the normal diameter of the proximal abdominal aorta? 2.5 cm or less Greater than 1.8 cm but no larger than 2.5 cm 2.0 cm or less Less than 3.0 cm
2.5 cm or less
Which of the following has clinical findings of bronzing of the skin? Addison disease Cushing disease Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome
Addison disease
Which of the following is associated with hyponatremia? Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome Pheochromocytoma Addison disease
Addison disease
Which of the following renal disorders presents sonographically with echogenic renal pyramids due to accumulation of calcium in dilated collecting ducts? Angiomyolipoma Renal fungal disease Glomerulonephritis Medullary sponge kidney
Medullary sponge kidney
The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system term? Pylotosis Pyelonephritis Pyonephrosis Emphysematous Pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis
What is the most likely location of TCC in the kidney? Cortex Medulla Minor calyx Renal pelvis
Renal pelvis
The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the? Celiac trunk Subphrenic arteries Suprarenal arteries SMA
Suprarenal arteries
How is blood supplied to the adrenal glands? Suprarenal branches of aorta Suprarenal branches of inferior phrenic arteries Suprarenal branches of main renal artery Suprarenal branches of aorta, suprarenal branches of inferior phrenic arteries, and suprarenal branches of main renal artery
Suprarenal branches of aorta, suprarenal branches of inferior phrenic arteries, and suprarenal branches of main renal artery
The adrenal gland with a portion of the blood supply to follow the following except? Suprarenal branches of the phrenic arteries Suprarenal branches of the aorta Suprarenal branches of the renal arteries Suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
Suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
What is the normal Doppler waveform appearance of the distal aorta? Biphasic, low-resistant pattern with flow reversal in late diastole Triphasic, low-resistant pattern with no flow reversal at any point in cycle Monophasic, high-resistant pattern with flow reversal in systole Triphasic, high-resistant pattern with flow reversal in early diastole
Triphasic, high-resistant pattern with flow reversal in early diastole
A patient presents with epilepsy and skin lesions. The sonogram demonstrated bilateral renal cysts and angiomyolipoma. What is the most likely diagnosis? von Hippel-Lindau syndrome Acquired renal cystic disease Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis
The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors or various organs, including angiomyolipoma of the kidney is: Tuberous sclerosis Tuberculosis Von-hippel Lindau syndrome MCDK
Tuberous sclerosis
What is the term used to describe the inner layer of the aorta wall? Tunica adventitia Tunica media Tunica intima Lumen
Tunica intima
What signals the adrenal gland to release hormones? Release of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the thalamus Release of cortisol by the thyroid gland Release of androgen by the gonads Release of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
Release of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as? Glissons capsule Perirenal capsule Renal capsule Renal cortex
Renal capsule
Which of the following best describes the adult kidney? Retroperitoneal location with cortex responsible for blood filtration and medulla responsible for absorption Intraperitoneal location with right kidney typically measuring up to 2 cm larger than left responsible for homeostasis Retroperitoneal location covered by Gerota fascia with the main function being the regulation of blood pressure by producing renin Intraperitoneal location typically down in the pelvis responsible for detoxification and filtration of the blood
Retroperitoneal location with cortex responsible for blood filtration and medulla responsible for absorption
What is the most common cause of IVC enlargement? Budd-Chiari syndrome IVC filter Left heart failure Right heart failure
Right heart failure
What vessel would be the shortest? Right renal vein Right renal artery Left renal vein Left renal artery
Right renal vein
Which vascular structure may be confused for the pain pancreatic duct? Splenic artery SMA Hepatic artery Celiac artery
Splenic artery
All of the following are associated with Conns syndrome except? Adrenal adenoma Hypertension Excessive thirst Thinning arms and legs
Thinning arms and legs
When urolithiasis is suspected with sonography but difficult to visualize, what can the sonographer do to better define it? Decrease transducer frequency Turn on color Doppler Hydrate your patient Turn on image compounding
Turn on color Doppler
The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of? 1 year 2 years 4 years 5 years
5 year
Which of the following is the most common cause of ARF? Hypertension Diabetes ARPKD Acute tubular necrosis
Acute tubular necrosis
The adrenal cortex produces al of the following except? Cortisol Androgens Aldosterone Adrenaline
Adrenaline
What is the cause of Cushing disease? Anterior pituitary gland tumor Adrenal hemorrhage Neuroblastoma Hyperaldosteronism
Anterior pituitary gland tumor
Which of the following typically presents in a patient whose history includes chronic bladder UTI and sonographic appearance of diffusely thickened bladder wall with septations and internal debris? Neurogenic bladder Cystitis Bladder lithiasis Bladder diverticulum
Bladder diverticulum
What sonographic feature gives an adrenal cyst concern for malignancy? Round shape Produces acoustic enhancement Presence of hemorrhage within cyst Calcified cyst wall
Calcified cyst wall
How is an arteriovenous fistula best demonstrated sonographically? Color Doppler imaging B-mode imaging Continuous-wave Doppler Pulsed-wave Doppler
Color Doppler imaging
Which of the following is associated with hypernaturia? Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome Pheochromocytoma Addisons disease
Conn syndrome
A patient presents with obesity, hirsutism, and a buffalo hump. Sonography identified a mass in the RT adrenal gland. What is the most likely diagnosis? von Hippel-Lindau syndrome Conn syndrome Addison disease Cushing syndrome
Cushing syndrome
How is pelvocaliectasis diagnosed with sonography? Dilation of the calices, renal pelvis, and proximal ureter Dilation of the calices Dilation of the calices and renal pelvis Dilation of the renal pelvis
Dilation of the calices and renal pelvis
Clinical findings of an AAA include all of the following except? Lower extremity pain Back pain Abdominal bruit Elevated hematocrit
Elevated hematocrit
Which of the following complications of chronic pyelonephritis demonstrates gas or air within the renal parenchyma with dirty shadowing? Glomerulonephritis Emphysematous pyelonephritis Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis Perinephric abscess
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
What branches make up the celiac axis? Hepatic artery, gastroduodenal artery, and LT suprarenal artery RT renal artery, splenic artery, and LT renal artery Hepatic artery, LT gastric artery, and splenic artery Hepatic artery, RT gastric artery, and splenic artery
Hepatic artery, LT gastric artery, and splenic artery
What flow pattern would be the postprandial SMA yield in small bowel ischemia? High resistive Low resistive
High resistive
Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: Proteinuria Throat infection Azotemia Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Which of the following would result in buffalo hump and moo-shaped face clinical findings? Conn syndrome Addison disease Adrogenism Hypercortisolism
Hypercortisolism
The most common sonographic appearance of a phenochromoctoma is an? Hyperechoic mass Hypoechoic mass Anechoic mass Complex mass
Hyperechoic mass
What is the term for low levels of calcium in the blood? Hypokalemia Hypopigmentations Hyponatremia Hypodisuria
Hyponatremia
Which of the following would not be a typically clinical feature of renal transplant failure? Oliguria Proteinuria Hypotension Elevated creatinine
Hypotension
What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence? Left renal vein IMV Right renal vein Celiac vein
IMV
Which artery arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta just inferior to the gonadal arteries? Inferior mesenteric artery Superior mesenteric artery Celiac axis Suprarenal artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
Where is the abdominal aorta located? Inferior to the diaphragm, just anterior to the spine, and slightly to the left of the midline Retroperitoneal, posterior to the pancreas, and just to the right of the inferior vena cava (IVC) Intraperitoneal, superior to the diaphragm, and inferior to the aortic arch Retroperitoneal, inferior to the diaphragm, superior to the spine, and just left of the midline
Inferior to the diaphragm, just anterior to the spine, and slightly to the left of the midline
What is a common complication of Wilms tumor, renal transitional cell carcinoma, and Budd-Chiari syndrome? Mets Enlargement of the IVC Invasion of the IVC Need for IVC filter
Invasion of the IVC
What is the path of venous drainage of the LT adrenal gland? LT suprarenal vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC) LT suprarenal vein drains directly into the aorta LT suprarenal vein drains into the LT renal vein LT suprarenal vein drains into the LT gonadal vein
LT suprarenal vein drains into the LT renal vein
What are the sonographic features of a pheochromocytoma? Anechoic, round mass in the adrenal cortex with acoustic enhancement Large hyperechoic mass adjacent to the superior pole of the kidney Solid hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland Small hypoechoic mass in the adrenal medulla
Large hyperechoic mass adjacent to the superior pole of the kidney
What area of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine? Medulla Gerota fascia Zona fasciculata Zona glomerulosa
Medulla
An aneurysm associated with infection is termed? Saccular Fusiform Recanalized Mycotic
Mycotic
A 2-year-old male presents with a palpable abdominal mass with abdominal and back pain. A 10-cm heterogeneous ill-defined mass with calcifications is identified in the RT abdomen. Mets were identified in the liver. What is the most likely diagnosis? Nephroblastoma Wilms tumor Hepatoblastoma Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
The most common extra cranial malignant mass in children is the: Hepatoblastoma Hypernephroma Pheochromocytoma Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla? Cortisol Aldosterone Norepinephrine Androgens
Norepinephrine
Which of the following is a hyperfunctioning adrenal mass that results in uncontrollable hypertension and excessive perspiration? Adrenal adenoma Adrenal carcinoma Adrenal rest Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma
Which of the following is the most common cause of CRF? Hypertension Diabetes ARPKD Acute tubular necrosis
Diabetes
What vessel can be often noted crossing between the SMA and the abdominal aorta in the transverse scanning plane? Left renal vein Left renal artery Right renal vein Right renal artery
Left renal vein
How is an aortic rupture diagnosed? Presence of intimal flap with thrombus on the aorta wall adjacent to it. Presence of an AAA with adjacent hematoma. You must demonstrate color images of the active bleeding site. To-fro flow must be demonstrated at the rupture site.
Presence of an AAA with adjacent hematoma.
Which of the following can cause the appearance of false hydronephrosis? Urolithiasis Prominent renal vein Enlarged prostate Pregnancy
Prominent renal vein
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus The adrenal are glands are exocrine glands The adrenal glands are composed of a medulla and cortex The adrenal gland may be referred to as the suprarenal glands
The adrenal are glands are exocrine glands
When assessing the sonographic appearance of an adult kidney, what echogenicity comparisons are typically used? Triangular shaped pyramids should be demonstrated within the cortex hyperechoic to the medulla. The cortex should be hyperechoic to the medulla measuring at least 1 cm in thickness. Glisson capsule should be echogenic and demonstrate a lobular contour. The cortex should be hypoechoic or isoechoic to the liver or spleen.
The cortex should be hypoechoic or isoechoic to the liver or spleen.
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except? The adrenal gland play important role in one pressure regulation The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney The right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver
The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
Which of the following is true regarding a duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication? The upper pole with the kidney suffers from reflex The lower pole suffers from obstruction because of a varicocele The upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele The lower pole suffers from reflex and hypertrophy
The upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele
What term is used to describe dilation of the ureter as it enters the bladder? Hydroureter Urachus Ureterocele Vesicoureteral obstruction
Ureterocele
Whats the most common location for a kidney stone to become lodged? Uteropelvic junction Midureter Urethra Ureterovesicular junction
Ureterovesicular junction