Aesthetics
Arisotle and Nietzsche agreed on?
Both agreed that artists should be concerned with how their work affects their audience. Artists should create for the sake of those who appreciate the creation. OPPOSITE of expressionism
Abstract Ideas
Objects of thought that have no physical form
Hume- ideas come from?
Our experiences- the information we gather thru our 5 senses
Form of Beauty
Plato Exists in every beautiful thing you see If you love someone, you actually love the form of beauty reflected in that person
What is Love?
Plato v Montaigne
Is Beauty A matter of Fact or A Matter of taste?
Socrates v David Hume
"Of the Standard of Taste"
Statements about beauty are a matter of opinion because we can never see, hear, touch, or smell beauty - there is no way to acquire facts about beauty
Metaphysical
purpose of art is to transcend reality
Wittgenstein - Opinion on Family Resemblance
To pin down certain terms and concepts to exact definitions is pointless
Subjectivism
aesthetic value is necessarily tied to the judgments and responses humans make
Platonic Love
the classic statement of the idea that the most perfect kind of love is expressed not physically but intellectually
Representationalist
views the purpose of art is to imitate nature, mimic reality
Tabla rasa
blank state, clear mind
Aesthetics
-A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, esp. in art. -The branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of beauty and artistic taste.
Takashi Murakami
-Andy Warhol -Play w elements of high and low culture -takes motifs and characters from low culture, reconfigures and sells it as "high-art" at market
Plato - Love
-Explored love in dialogue Symposium -Group of people at party discussing their own theory abt what love is
Birth of Tragedy
-Focused on myth as an art form -Argued that myths have a great deal of artistic value and are not meant to imitate reality (full of magic, supernatural), also tragedy & destruction
Expressionism
-Holds that the purpose of art is to express the artist's innermost feelings, the artist should not be concerned with what others think. -The purpose of art is for the artist.
Objectivism includes:
-If something is beautiful and someone disagrees then they are wrong, they are failing to acknowledge a fact. -We are born with the natural knowledge of beauty, we just have to work at recognizing it
Michel de Montaigne- ideas?
-Love is at its best when it is maximally free with no constraints, including reason -True love transcends reason -There is no way to explain or justify your feelings, if you truly love someone you will never know exactly why
Family Resemblance
-words are sometimes understood by all but lack clear definitions -Ex: game, applied to many different activities -Ex: art
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Austrian Family Resemblance
Michel de Montaigne
French Disagreed with Plato
Friedrich Nietzsche
German Representing physical world = shallow form of amusement Metaphysical Birth of Tragedy Art should convey meaningful ideas Experiencing unhappiness is good b/c it forces us to have courage and strive for purpose
Aristotle
Greek Representationalist Poetics
Socrates
Greek Statements of beauty are matter of fact Objectivism
Aristotle- enjoyment of art?
Human beings enjoy art because it reminds them of the beauty of nature
Forms
Ideas (unchanging entities)
Aristotle- what do paintings represent?
Just as a painting can represent physical objects, music should represent sounds from nature (birdsongs, rain, thunder crashing)
Plato
Love is good because it is rational (logical) True love is always directed at true beauty True beauty cannot be seen or felt but can be recognized through thought True beauty (form of beauty) = an abstract idea Theory of Forms Against empiricism
David Hume
Scottish Tabla rasa Born without any knowledge All ideas come from experience "Of the Standard of Taste" Empiricism
Hume's argument / main defense
The fact that people disagree about what beauty is suggests that it is not part of the objective world
Ex of Theory of Forms
a tall person appears short when next to a tree
Objectivism
beauty is a real property that an object may possess and that its doing so is entirely independent of anyone's beliefs about it or responses to it
Theory of Forms
what is known must be true, perfect and unchanging, nothing in the empirical world fits this description
