Aesthetics

Arisotle and Nietzsche agreed on?

Both agreed that artists should be concerned with how their work affects their audience. Artists should create for the sake of those who appreciate the creation. OPPOSITE of expressionism

Abstract Ideas

Objects of thought that have no physical form

Hume- ideas come from?

Our experiences- the information we gather thru our 5 senses

Form of Beauty

Plato Exists in every beautiful thing you see If you love someone, you actually love the form of beauty reflected in that person

What is Love?

Plato v Montaigne

Is Beauty A matter of Fact or A Matter of taste?

Socrates v David Hume

"Of the Standard of Taste"

Statements about beauty are a matter of opinion because we can never see, hear, touch, or smell beauty - there is no way to acquire facts about beauty

Metaphysical

purpose of art is to transcend reality

Wittgenstein - Opinion on Family Resemblance

To pin down certain terms and concepts to exact definitions is pointless

Subjectivism

aesthetic value is necessarily tied to the judgments and responses humans make

Platonic Love

the classic statement of the idea that the most perfect kind of love is expressed not physically but intellectually

Representationalist

views the purpose of art is to imitate nature, mimic reality

Tabla rasa

blank state, clear mind

Aesthetics

-A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, esp. in art. -The branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of beauty and artistic taste.

Takashi Murakami

-Andy Warhol -Play w elements of high and low culture -takes motifs and characters from low culture, reconfigures and sells it as "high-art" at market

Plato - Love

-Explored love in dialogue Symposium -Group of people at party discussing their own theory abt what love is

Birth of Tragedy

-Focused on myth as an art form -Argued that myths have a great deal of artistic value and are not meant to imitate reality (full of magic, supernatural), also tragedy & destruction

Expressionism

-Holds that the purpose of art is to express the artist's innermost feelings, the artist should not be concerned with what others think. -The purpose of art is for the artist.

Objectivism includes:

-If something is beautiful and someone disagrees then they are wrong, they are failing to acknowledge a fact. -We are born with the natural knowledge of beauty, we just have to work at recognizing it

Michel de Montaigne- ideas?

-Love is at its best when it is maximally free with no constraints, including reason -True love transcends reason -There is no way to explain or justify your feelings, if you truly love someone you will never know exactly why

Family Resemblance

-words are sometimes understood by all but lack clear definitions -Ex: game, applied to many different activities -Ex: art

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Austrian Family Resemblance

Michel de Montaigne

French Disagreed with Plato

Friedrich Nietzsche

German Representing physical world = shallow form of amusement Metaphysical Birth of Tragedy Art should convey meaningful ideas Experiencing unhappiness is good b/c it forces us to have courage and strive for purpose

Aristotle

Greek Representationalist Poetics

Socrates

Greek Statements of beauty are matter of fact Objectivism

Aristotle- enjoyment of art?

Human beings enjoy art because it reminds them of the beauty of nature

Forms

Ideas (unchanging entities)

Aristotle- what do paintings represent?

Just as a painting can represent physical objects, music should represent sounds from nature (birdsongs, rain, thunder crashing)

Plato

Love is good because it is rational (logical) True love is always directed at true beauty True beauty cannot be seen or felt but can be recognized through thought True beauty (form of beauty) = an abstract idea Theory of Forms Against empiricism

David Hume

Scottish Tabla rasa Born without any knowledge All ideas come from experience "Of the Standard of Taste" Empiricism

Hume's argument / main defense

The fact that people disagree about what beauty is suggests that it is not part of the objective world

Ex of Theory of Forms

a tall person appears short when next to a tree

Objectivism

beauty is a real property that an object may possess and that its doing so is entirely independent of anyone's beliefs about it or responses to it

Theory of Forms

what is known must be true, perfect and unchanging, nothing in the empirical world fits this description