Anxiety, Depression, Stress, and Oral Health CE & Autism CE

____________ is the wearing away of teeth by mechanical means such as grinding. A. Attrition B. Erosion C. Abfraction D. Trauma

A. Attrition

Assessment of mental health disorders in the dental office allows for a fuller understanding of overall risk factors. Which of the following is a tool that can be used to assess depressive symptoms in the dental office? A. PHQ8 B. SPQR C. NEWT D. OWL

A. PHQ8

Stress signals are transmitted through the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to the CNS via all of the following neurotransmitters EXCEPT: A. Serotonin B. Stress hormones C. Neuropeptide Y D. Monoamines

A. Serotonin

In both animal and human models, antidepressant use was associated with decreased clinical attachment loss, bone loss, and BOP. A. True B. False

A. True

Studies have shown that depression is associated with higher rates of caries in patients 35-54. A. True B. False

A. True

For caries prevention and remineralization patients should strive for ______ exposures of xylitol each day. A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4

B. 5

____________ is the wearing away of tooth structure by chemical means like lemons or gastric acids being brought from the stomach to the oral cavity. A. Attrition B. Erosion C. Abrasion D. Abfraction

B. Erosion

If an individual with autism does not use spoken language to communicate, that also means they cannot understand spoken language. A. True B. False

B. False

____________ language is the ability to listen and understand language. A. Expressive B. Receptive

B. Receptive

Autism is __________ times more likely in boys than girls. A. two B. five C. four D. ten

B. five

Dental trauma is common because _______________. A. children have poor coordination B. individuals with autism lack a real fear of danger C. parents are exhausted and don't pay close enough attention D. many children with autism have poor eyesight

B. individuals with autism lack a real fear of danger

How prevalent is autism in the United States? A. 1 in 10,000 B. 1 in 600 C. 1 in 54 D. 1 in 253

C. 1 in 54

Approximately how many individuals live with depression worldwide? A. 102 million B. 257 million C. 332 million D. 549 million

C. 332 million

Anxiety and depression are often comorbid. What percentage of individuals diagnosed with depression also meet the criteria for an anxiety disorder? A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. 80%

C. 60%

____________ is a visual support that uses two pictures. The first is a picture of what needs to be done and the second is a reward. It is especially helpful when a patient struggles with a certain task, like polishing. A. Visual schedule B. Video Modeling C. First/Then card D. Transition Card

C. First/Then card

____________ score is used by anesthesiologists to determine how easy a patient is to intubate; it also can be used as a sign to look for when assessing for sleep apnea. A. Curve of Spee B. Throat C. Mallampati D. Intubation

C. Mallampati

In patients undergoing active periodontal maintenance therapy, baseline levels of depression were predictive of increased BOP and probing depths between 1 and 5 years after initial therapy. Occupational stress was not associated with increased clinical attachment loss over 5 years. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

One of the early signs of autism spectrum disorders is _______________. A. babbling at 6 months B. pointing to desired items by 12 months C. lack of pretend play D. walking by 14 months

C. lack of pretend play

Repetitive behavior such as hand flapping or repeating certain vocal sounds is referred to as ____________. A. sterotypy B. obsessions C. stimming D. A & C

D. A & C

Bruxism and grinding can be due to _______________. A. anxiety B. providing sensory information C. obstructive sleep apnea D. All of the above.

D. All of the above

Interdisciplinary care for individuals with depression and anxiety disorders is critical. If a patient is diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety, which of the following should be undertaken by his/her medical healthcare provider to improve oral health outcomes? A. Discussion of the interaction between psychosocial disorders and oral health B. Discussion of possible oral side effects of anti-depressive medications and mechanisms to mitigate their deleterious effects C. Early referral for dental care D. All of the above.

D. All of the above

Individuals with anxiety and depression have higher rates of many systemic diseases. Which of the following has NOT been shown to be higher in individuals with psychosocial disorders? A. Diabetes Mellitus B. Autoimmune Disorders C. Cardiovascular Disease D. All of the above are linked to depression and anxiety.

D. All of the above are linked to depression and anxiety.

Stress, in particular chronic stress, may increase depressive symptoms through which of the following mechanisms? A. Increase in deleterious habits and a concomitant decrease in overall self-esteem B. Stress induces a systemic hyperinflammatory state which may, in susceptible individuals, lead to depression C. Poor coping mechanisms may worsen both stress and depression D. All of the above have been purported to cause the interaction between stress and depression.

D. All of the above have been purported to cause the interaction between stress and depression.

Periodontitis and anxiety/depressive disorders have been linked. What is thought to be the underlying etiology of this association? A. Increased inflammatory burden through a stress mechanism B. Decreased self-care, including oral hygiene C. Increased xerostomia through sympathetic nerve activation and/or antidepressive medications D. All of the above have been thought to play a role.

D. All of the above have been thought to play a role.

Pick the statement that is true: A. Children with autism just need more discipline. B. Children with autism know how to behave they just choose not to. C. Children with autism do not want friends or meaningful relationships. D. Children with autism may act out because they have no other way to communicate their fear or their needs.

D. Children with autism may act out because they have no other way to communicate their fear or their needs.

_______________ is a neurological disorder that causes difficulties with processing information from the five senses: vision, auditory, touch, olfaction, and taste, as well as from the sense of movement (vestibular system), and/or the positional sense (proprioception). A. Sensory dysfunction B. Sensory deprivation disorder C. Sensory integration D. Sensory processing disorder

D. Sensory processing disorder

A visual support that utilizes a series of pictures to demonstrate steps in a process is called ____________. A. Social Stories B. Video Modeling C. Picture Education Communication System D. Visual Schedule

D. Visual Schedule

Autism is caused by _______________. A. vaccinations B. maternal alcohol use during pregnancy C. abnormalities in brain structure or function D. an extra chromosome E. genetic mutations F. C & E

F. C & E Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy & genetic mutations

To create a sensory friendly experience the following strategies should be implemented: A. Turn the operatory lights off and just use the chair light. B. Provide noise cancelling head phones for the patient. C. Turn off the sterilizers and ultrasonics. D. Spray air freshener. E. Allow the patient to wear the lead apron for the duration of the appointment. F. All of the above. G. A, B, C, E

G. A, B, C, E

Which of the following medical conditions are associated with autism spectrum disorders: A. Seizures B. Dyslexia C. Chronic Constipation or Diarrhea D. Insomnia E. Leg numbness F. All of the above. G. A, C, D

G. A, C, D

What strategies are useful when communicating with patients on the spectrum? A. Use short, concise statements. B. Use metaphors to describe things. C. Use the same phrase each time like teaching the entire staff to say, "open your mouth" instead of other phrases asking the patient to open. D. Use a sing-song really happy voice. E. Use pictures as often as possible. F. All of the above. G. A, C, E

G. A, C, E