AH1 PrepU #1 (Exam 1)

A nurse is caring for a client with dementia. A family member of the client asks what the most common cause of dementia is. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

"The most common cause of dementia in the elderly is Alzheimer's disease."

Which is a true statement regarding pharmacologic aspects of aging?

Absorption may be affected by changes in gastric pH.

When administering medications to an older adult patient, which medication does the nurse understand may remain in the body longer due to increased body fat?

Barbiturates

A nurse is teaching a nutrition class to a group of elderly clients at a retirement center. The nurse tells the clients that as a result of aging, they will need to decrease

Calories

A family of a patient with Alzheimer's disease asks the nurse what causes this condition? Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

Evidence shows that there are changes in nerve cells and brain chemicals."

When assessing an older adult's gastrointestinal system, the nurse would identify an increase in which of the following as normal?

Feeling of fullness

Which are leading causes of death among the elderly? Select all that apply.

Heart disease

A nurse is educating a group of middle-aged adults on aging. What information should the nurse include in the teaching?

How old you feel will be determined by your physical and cognitive abilities.

Students are reviewing information about visual changes and conditions associated with aging. The group demonstrates understanding of the information when they identify which condition as the major cause of vision loss in the elderly?

Macular degeneration

Students are preparing a class presentation on elder abuse. Which of the following would they include as the most common type of elder abuse?

Neglect

Why are IV solutions usually given at a slower rate to older adults?

Older adults may have cardiac or renal disorders.

Older adults, who are more subject to falls, may fracture one or more ribs and be more susceptible to which condition after a rib fracture?

Pneumonia

Which is an age-related change associated with the nervous system?

Postural hypotension

What is a nurse's role in providing home care for a client with Alzheimer disease?

Provide emotional and physical support.

A nurse is providing care to a patient with delirium. Which interventions would be most appropriate to implement? Select all that apply.

Providing a calm, quiet environment • Supervising nutritional intake • Using familiar cues about the environment

A female elderly client tells the nurse she experiences vague pain during sexual intercourse with her spouse. It is best for the nurse to

Refer the client to a gynecologist for evaluation.

Which characteristic distinguishes normal aging from pathological changes associated with aging?

Universality

Which are leading causes of death among the elderly? Select all that apply.

heart disease

An older adult develops sudden onset of confusion and is hospitalized. The family expresses concern that their loved one is developing Alzheimer disease. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?

"There are several possible underlying factors that can be causing the confusion. Alzheimer's usually does not present with sudden confusion."

A client reports to the nurse that her grandmother with Alzheimer's disease recently moved in with her and her two school-aged children. The client states the grandmother becomes agitated and starts yelling and crying frequently. The woman asks, "What can I do?" The nurse first responds:

"What precipitates the outbursts?"

The nurse works on a unit with elderly clients. Which of the following clients would the nurse visit first? The client who reports

"It feels like I have food stuck in my throat."

A nurse is providing a fall prevention clinic for a group of older adults. What information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

-Have routine vision and hearing screenings -wear nonslip shoes or socks when walking -review medications routinely for side effects -place grab bars in shower and tub

The nurse is assisting an older adult patient with dietary planning. The nurse emphasizes the importance of adequate intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish. What should the patient's daily carbohydrate intake be?

55% to 60%

A client reports to the nurse that her elderly mother has become increasingly angry and responds inappropriately to conversations within the past few months. She notes that her mother does not respond when the mother's back is turned. The best intervention of the nurse is to

Ask if the mother could come in for a hearing evaluation.

An older adult has a score of 12 on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). What action should the nurse complete first?

Assess for the potential for self-harm.

A hospitalized older adult complains of increased coughing and shortness of breath. The nurse assesses the vital signs as temperature 100.2°F oral, respirations 18, pulse 88, and BP 128/80. What action should the nurse do next?

Assess lung sounds and sputum.

The nurse is preparing an elderly hospitalized client for discharge to home within the hour. What should be the priority for the nurse?

Assess the need for pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations.

Family members report to the nurse that their elderly grandmother has had a sudden onset of confusion and that they are having difficulty providing care for her. The nurse

Assesses the grandmother for adventitious lung sounds

An elderly client is contemplating a move to a continuing care retirement community (CCRC). The nurse assesses that the client requires assistance with food preparation and recommends placement in

Assisted-living apartment

A clinic nurse is meeting with a group of older adults living in a community that has been experiencing extremely hot summer days. Which of the following measures would the nurse encourage the clients to practice to protect their health during the hot summer days? Select all answers that apply.

Circulate air with a fan or air conditioner. Take cool showers. Wear lightweight shirts and shorts. Increase fluid intake.

An elderly client reports fatigue with increased activity. He states that he walks 30 minutes five times each week. The nurse assesses the resting heart rate as 72 beats per minute; 10 minutes after walking, the client's heart rate is 102 beats per minute. The nurse instructs the client to

Continue to walk at his current level.

Nursing students are reviewing different types of mental health problems in the older adult population. The students demonstrate an understanding of this information when they identify which condition as the most common affective disorder?

Depression

A nurse is assessing an elderly client with senile dementia. Which neurotransmitter condition is most likely to contribute to this client's cognitive changes?

Decreased acetylcholine level

Students are reviewing information about age-related changes in the older adult. They demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify which of the following as an age-related change in the respiratory system?

Decreased residual lung volume

A client with Alzheimer disease becomes agitated while the nurse is attempting to take vital signs. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?

Distract the client with a familiar object or music.

A client has recently brought her elderly mother home to live with her family. The client states that her mother has moderate Alzheimer's disease and asks about appropriate activities for her mother. The nurse tells the client to

Ensure that the mother does not have access to car keys or drive an automobile.

A nurse notes that an older female client has lost 2 inches in height since her appointment last year. The client reports lumbar back pain as unchanged. Which of the following would the nurse instructs the client? Select all answers that apply.

Increase intake of foods that are high in calcium. • Take calcium and vitamin D supplements daily. • Obtain the prescribed bone densitometry.

An elderly client is hospitalized for treatment related to leukemia. Family members want to visit with a toddler who has a cold. It would be best for the nurse to

Instruct the family to remove the toddler from the room for the protection of the client.

When assessing an older adult, the nurse anticipates an increase in which component of respiratory status?

Residual lung volume

A nurse is preparing a health promotion class for a group of seniors at a local community center. As one part of the presentation, the nurse is planning to address sexuality and sexual function. Which statement would be least appropriate to include?

Sexual desire typically becomes progressively less.

The nurse is teaching about preventing pneumonia and influenza to a group of clients in a senior citizens' wellness class. The nurse includes which of the following topics in the class? Select all options that apply.

Avoiding environmental smoke Ensuring appropriate fluid intake. Participating in regular exercise

An elderly client recovering from a hip repair becomes disoriented and tries to get out of bed frequently. The client states, "I forget I am in the hospital." The best nursing intervention is to

Post a sign stating "You are in the hospital" at the client's eye level.

Which is a factor that contributes to urinary incontinence in older female adults?

Relaxed perineal muscle

Which refers to the decrease in lens flexibility that occurs with age, resulting in the near point of focus getting farther away?

Presbyopia Explanation: Presbyopia usually begins in the fifth decade of life, when reading glasses are required to magnify objects. Presbycusis refers to age-related hearing loss. Cataract is the development of opacity of the eye lens. Glaucoma is a disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure.

An elderly female client has been taking prednisone for breathing problems for many years. The nurse notes that the client's current height is 64 inches. Two years ago, her height was 66 inches. The nurse assesses this loss in height is most likely the result of

Loss of bone density

The reason that federal and state governments carefully regulate treatment given in licensed health care facilities, particularly long-term care facilities, is expressed by which statement?

Older adult clients are vulnerable.

Which assessment finding by the nurse and statement by an older adult would require the nurse to report suspected elder abuse?

Stage II decubitus ulcer on coccyx; "No one is able to turn or lift me anymore."

After teaching students about age-related changes in the sense of taste in older adults, the instructor determines that teaching was successful when the students identify which taste as being most affected?

Sweet

The nurse brings the older adult patient a dinner tray and observes the patient placing excess amounts of salt on the food. What suggestions for flavoring can the nurse provide to decrease the amount of salt the patient is placing on her food? (Select all that apply.)

Use low sodium herbs and spices - Use pepper instead of salt - Use lemon instead of salt to flavor food.

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local senior citizen group about nutrition in the older adult. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Vitamin D intake of 600 IU per day . Daily calcium intake of 1200 mg Carbohydrate intake accounting for 55% of total calories consumed

A client with Alzheimer's disease is being treated for malnutrition and dehydration. The nurse decides to place him closer to the nurses' station because of his tendency to:

Wander

An age-related change associated with the cardiovascular system is

decreased cardiac output.