[All Question Types] Final Exam Review - Advanced Speed Spring 2023

A speaker transmits a message through two channels

visual and auditory

the idea of the symbolic self indicates that ____.

we create our self partly in response to social interaction

the idea of the performative self indicated that ___.

we enact different identities in different settings

according to your text, in which of the following circumstances would humor be a poor choice for your introductory device?

when your audience has varying levels of formal education

____ speaker is one whom an audience perceives to be competent, knowledgeable, dynamic, and trustworthy.

A credible

which of the following most accurately describes the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion?

Audiences interpret persuasive messages and are persuaded through direct and indirect routes.

The_____ approach to communication is the act of creating something thru a communication interaction that otherwise did not exist previously. (such as trust, love, a contract, a commitment, even "an atmosphere" for the conversation)

Constitutive

The approach to studying communication that seeks to identify hidden symbolic structures that creates or uphold disadvantage, inequality, or oppression of some groups in favor of others is called:

Critical

____ are the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong

Ethics

the basic building blocks of knowledge that provide a definition of a scenario base on TFG assumptions and contextual clues are called?

Frames

Fred had to give a 4-6 minute speech in his public speaking class. He chose to speak on basketball, because he knew a lot about it and would not have to do any research. Before delivering his speech, he wrote down five words on index cards to jog his memory. During his speech, Fred said everything he wanted to say in 3 minutes, and then began rambling in hopes of meeting the time requirements. Where did Fred go wrong?

Fred did not properly prepare his speech

Matt is listening to a persuasive speech on assisted suicide. He begins to feel uncomfortable but then decides the speaker didn't know what she was talking about. Matt is using which dissonance coping strategy?

He is discrediting the source

____ behaviors such as eye contact, appropriate gestures, and physical closeness enhance the quality of relationship between he speaker and listener.

Immediacy

which of the following guidelines should speakers adhere to when using a photograph as a presentation aid?

Incorporate it into a computer program or PowerPoint

As an audience member, if you are persuaded by a speaker because you like the way he carries himself and presents his argument, according to ELM theory you are experiencing ____.

Indirect persuasion

Which style of communication apprehension is generally associated with channeling nervous energy to improve public speaking?

Inflexible

With the _______ style of communication apprehension, your heart rate will be the highest when speaking publicly, however some people use this high level to enhance their performance and use the fear to motivate them to prepare and be at their best.

Inflexible

The _____ approach to studying communication suggest that there are multiple "truths" and realities that exist to every outcome and is anchored in Grounded Theory?

Interpretivist

The perspective of communication as transaction' is preferred by your text's authors because:

It accounts for the creation of new meanings through communication

The perspective that communication is action is limited because:

It fails to account for the receipt of a message

A effective speech conclusion serves which two purposes?

It will summarize the speech and provide closure

Katya had carefully planned presentation aids for her speech on quilting, She demonstrated how to sew together the squares by hand, which required her to focus on the quilt. What guideline for using presentation aids did Katya violate?

Katya focused on the presentation aid instead of the audience

Language is symbolic because

Language uses words to represent objects and ideas

which of the following would not constitute an account of one's communication?

Lying

IN the introduction of her persuasive speech. Tori tells a hypothetical and makes it sound as if it had actually happened to her. IS this appropriate?

No, because she is violating an ethical principle which requires that speakers be honest

Eric wanted to use an excerpt from a Nightline episode, as both an audio/visual aid and a source for his speech. However, one of the guests on the show presented a viewpoint that discredited the premise of Eric's speech. Eric decided he better edit this guest out of the clip before he used it. Was this an ethical use of evidence?

No; in order to use evidence ethically it is important to present the audience with all the information that will help them reach a sound decision

___ is the process of using symbols to create meaning to achieve a goal.

Rhetoric

Susan had been planning her speech about owls for an elementary school audience. She had extensive information about their habitat, hunting habits, and prey. She showed graphic pictures of hunting owls to her audience. Many children cried and were frightened by her speech. Susan did not understand why. What did Susan do wrong?

Susan failed to know her audience

the use of symbols in communication is complicated because:

Symbols have multiple meanings

The use of symbols in communication is complicated because:

Symbols may be assigned multiple meanings

Marty is having problems coming up with an idea for a speech. He knows his fraternity keeps files of old tests, papers, and speeches and decides to look through these for an idea. He finds a great speech about bats, their value to ecology, and their habitat. He likes this speech so much that he decides to use it largely intact but goes to the Internet to update the sources. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?

This is an ethical violation known as plagiarism

In order to plan for her class speech on Patroit Act, Beatriz passed around a brief questionnaire asking whether her classmates were for or against the act, whether they thought parts of the act should change. Based on what you known= from the text, was this a good idea?

Yes; this is a form of psychological audience analysis- a useful technique for any kind of audience

Ralph found excellent source for his speech on organic gardening, and used the author's scientific evidence on earthworms and ladybugs in his speech outline. IS this ethical?

Yes; this is ethical as long ad Ralph cites his source orally within the speech

In her speech on name recall, April says: "you should now understand the three most recommended methods for improving your ability to recall people's names: the repetition method, the word- association method, and the visual imagery method. I hope you will put these methods into practice, and you will remember my name the next time you see me in the hall." What device is April making use of in her speech?

a final summary

which of the following is an example of a two-dimensional presentation aid?

a graph of population

it is necessary to determine what individual or organization is responsible for a Web site in order to determine its___

accountability

while listening to a sociology lecture, Raoul mentally rearranges the ideas being presented, summarizes the information, and remains alert for key information. Raoul can be considered a(n)

active listener

when addressing listeners with different cultural backgrounds than his or her own, an audience-centered speaker will ____.

adapt the message accordingly

In her introduction, Fran said, "; there was a time when I thought I would never have a job, a decent life, a boyfriend, or any pleasure in life. But after wo[working as an intern at Channel 3, I know what I really want to do with my life, and that gives me great satisfaction. I encourage you all to become interns, so that you, too, can discover that there is something in life that inspires passion in you... that you're willing to work for... to work hard for... to be successful... to be happy" What type of message did Fran effectively use in this introduction?

an appeal to emotion

A lengthy illustration with a plot,; beginning, climatic point, .and end is called

an extended illustration

As audience members, if we prefer to listen to complex information that is interspersed with facts and details, we are

analytical listeners

Speakers with the ___ style of communication apprehension have a generally positive approach to public speaking and rate their own performance as the highest compared to those with other styles.

average

in the introduction, a good way to establish your credibility is to

be well prepared and confident

"I'm going to talk about the sport of racquetball, including the history of the game, the basic equipment used when playing racquetball, and the health benefits derived from the sport." An audience member would recognize this as a(n)______.

blueprint statement

Carl researching a speech on euthanasia. he knows that there are some excellent journal articles on the subject, but his university's small library doesn't carry the journals in which the articles appear, but the library does subscribe to various online databases. Carl has only a few days until he must give the speech; what should he do?

carl should use a full test database, like Academic Search complete, to attempt to locate complete texts of the journals articles

BAaruch began his speech with a vivid description of a typical waiting area in an emergency room of a public hospital. He described the different areas of the emergency room and where each part was located in relation to other parts. What organizational pattern can you identify in Baruch's speech?

cause-effect

expressing your ideas so that the intended message is accurately understood by the audience is know as_____.

clarity

after his speech teacher assigns an informative speech, Angel begins to worry about what to choose as hos topic. He takes out a blank sheet of paper and writes down the word "dance". This reminds him of several related topics, and he creates map of related ideas. Angel is using the strategy of _____.

clustering

In discovering that you and your audience members have similar cultural characteristics, are about the same age, and have a bout the same education level, you are trying to determine______.

common ground

what style of communication apprehension do you have if, like many people, you have a very high heart rate as you begin presenting a speech, and then your rate tapers off to more average levels?

confrontational

when evaluating Internet resources, which criteria evaluates whether or not Web site's language and graphics reflects and respect differences in gender, ethnicity, race, and sexual orientation?

diversity

In a public speaking situation, the speaker should pay attention to his or her emotions when delivering a speech because emotions are catching. This is explained by the

emotional contagion theory

A speaker's ability to translate the ideas and images in his or her mind into verbal or nonverbal messages that an audience can understand is termed

encoding

terms like "finally" and "in conclusion" are examples of devices

that provide closure for a speech

In a speech introduction, proximity is

the degree to which the information affects the audience directly

which of following statement is the best guideline for using gestures in a speech?

every emotion can be expressed by a particular gesture.

In his speech about drunk driving, David told a story about three of his friends who died in a drunk driving accident. He went into detail about how they had been partying, how they insisted on driving, and how their lives ended when they crashed into a tree in the middle of the night. What kind of supporting material did David use in his speech?

expert testimony

The ability to monitor your audience's response and adjust your message accordingly is a benefit of good

eye contact

A speaker's ___ will most help you identify the emotions being communicated.

facial expressions

When speakers attempt to persuade without adequate evidence or use arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate, they are using a(n)_____

fallacy

Smiles, head nods, eye contact, and clapping from audience members are all forms of

feedback

cultural styles of talk include the categories of_____.

feminine and masculine

what linguistic theory asserts that the more concrete your work, the clearer your communication

general semantics

Renton has been asked to present his colleague with the "Journalist of the Year" award. What should he remember to say in this speech?

he should briefly refer to the occasion and mention the significance of the award

Regardless of topic the goal of the informative speaker should be to ___.

help the audience understand, maintain interest in, and remember the message

Dane knows five people who have experienced difficulties with a certain appliance brand. When shopping for a new refrigerator with his partner, he will not consider purchasing this brand. In this example, Dane has applied _____.

inductive reasoning

A speaker's terminal credibility is based upon his or her _____.

initial and derived credibility

You have previous experience in public speaking, tend to be less sensitive to apprehension, and have a lower heart rate when speaking. What is your style of communication apprehension?

insensitive

In addition to using a preview at the beginning of the speech, speakers can use ____ previews points throughout the speech

internal

An audience member is worried about an upcoming exam and is unlikely to remember much of what the speaker says. This is a type of

internal noise

According to the text, the most obvious purpose that you must accomplish in a speech introduction is to

introduce the subject of your speech

It's the end of the semester, your brain is fried, and you just can't come up with a creative topic for your persuasive speech. As a last resort, you pick up the daily newspaper and decide on a topic by looking at one of the headlines. According to the test, this strategy_____.

is an effective way to find a speech topic

Speakers should consider using computer-generated presentation aids when it is expected by their corporate audience and when_____

it helps develop the central idea

Which of the following statement s about considering the audience is true?

it is ongoing activity that should occur throughout the speechmaking process.

the ceremonial speech given at or near the beginning of a meeting or conference and that sets the theme and tone is a____.

keynote address

Because much of our day is spent listening, there may be times we "tune out" when information is being sent to us. This can be described as___.

listener fatigue

the mistaken use if a word that sounds much like the intended word, such as "infatuation" for "inflation" is known as a(n)

malapropism

Jack primarily used Web sources for his informative speech about gun control. However, his over-reliance on a Web site sponsored by the National Rifle Association caused his speech to be slanted in one direction, rather than presenting multiple sides of the issue. Which of the six criteria for evaluating Web sources did Jack ignore?

objectivity

Tara comes into the classroom early on the day of her speech. She closes the blinds, checks the room temperature, and sets up the transparency machine. Which barrier to listening is Tara trying to overcome?

outside distractions

when students find it difficult to concentrate on an lecture because of the noises of other around them, they are experiencing which barrier to listening?

outside distractions

statements such as "money talks," "that's my car, isn't she beautiful" and " the wind moaned and screeched" are all examples of_____.

personification

Lifting key passage from sources you do not credit in your speech is an unethical practice know as

plagiarism

Annie begins her presentation by explaining the issue of low first-year student retention and ends her presentation by suggesting that upperclassmen should mentor first-year students. Annie's presentation is likely organized as a ______ pattern.

problem-solution

which of the following is a method for summarizing a speech in the conclusion?

reemphasizing the central idea in a memorable way

a ___ in your speech tells the listeners what to expect by enumerating the ideas or points that you plan to present

signpost

which of the following is a nonverbal cue you can use to signal the end of your speech?

slowing your speaking rate

In her presentation to the school board about plans for the new physical fitness facility, Ms. Anderson described the location of the various workout areas, gyms, locker rooms, and physical therapy facilities. Which organizational pattern was Ms. Anderson using in her presentation?

spatial

Marianne is so blown away by the announcement that she has won an award that she is unprepared to speak as she accepts it. On this occasion, Marianne should ___

speak briefly, and be as gracious as possible

For your persuasive speech endorsing assisted suicide, you decide to first provide a definition of the term and talk generally about the current status of the problem. You then plan to bring up individual incidents in which assisted suicides have prevented needless suffering. Which strategy of support material organization does this plan reflect?

specificity

Paul describes how hunger is a world-wide problem, and then explains that there is a hunger problem in America. Finally, he describes a family suffering in his hometown. The principle of supporting material organization that Paul employs here is the

specificity principle

A(n) ___ occurs when the intial sounds of words are switched in a single phrase

spoonerism

Without uttering a word, an audience can be quieted by holding up the palm of your hand to calm a noisy crowd. This is the nonverbal function of

substituting

For his communication class Stan decides to present a speech on the importance of joining clubs and associations while living on campus. He determines that those students in his class who are living in the dorms and who don't have any extracurricular activities are the segment of his audience that needs to influence the most. This segment is Stan's _____.

target audience

which description best fits the following speech statement: "If you believe we should have stiffer penalties for juvenile offenders, then write to your congressman"?

the language is sexist, as the term "congressman" implies only men serve in the legislature.

the way that a speaker emphasizes ceratin elements of the pentad in telling a story can reveal_____.

the person's perspectives on or view of the world

In his persuasive speech, Brendan argues, "what starving people need first is food and clean water- not counseling about the sad state of their government, not advice about ways to attract new industry, and not pity over the loss of their self-esteem." what principle of persuasive speaking is Brendan effectively utilizing?

the principle that basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level ones are.

Some researchers point out that public-speaking apprehension can involve both a _____, a characteristic or general tendency that you have, and a _____, anxiety triggered by the specific incidence of giving a speech to an audience

trait; state

Speakers who use false claims to tug at emotions of the audience, instead of using sound evidence and logical arguments, are examples of

unethical speakers

The principle that maintains you should stay focused and provide only information that supports thesis and main points is known as the ____.

unity principle

which of thej following is an important guideline for the use of statistic in a speech?

use reliable, authoritative, and unbiased sources for your statistics