All Quizlets in one part #1.
During the summer months in the Vineyard, more than _____ additional residents sweet the population, and another ______ visit on any summer day.
100,000 and 25,000
Public companies must report their financial results every
3 months
Megalopolis extends from the Atlantic Coastal Plain into the
Appalachian Blue Ridge and Piedmont
The southern margin expands into counties beyond
Arlington, Virginia
Megalopolis occupies the elevated sea bottom of the
Atlantic Coastal Plain
What makes Manhattan's high-rise skyline possible?
Bedrock geology--a metamorphic rock called schist. Where the schist is close to the surface, it provides the structural stability needed for the skyscrapers
In the United States, the region from Boston to Washington, D.C., ____corridor populated by more than 52 million people, is Megalopolis, one of the largest conurbations in the world
Bos Was Corridor
A region where business and finance reign supreme
Bos Wash corridor
Organizations that support sustainability worked to terminate the ______ ______ and preserve the waterways for the future by calculating its environmental and social costs, thereby revealing the true cost of modifications
Broadwater Project
The ____ _____ or Chatham shorelines accrete or recede randomly each year, but the continued sea level rise is washing away the sandy cliffs and threatening habitats and homes.
Cape's Wellfleet
The New York City water supply system encompasses 3 reservoir systems. Must is upstate in the
Catskill Mountains on land protected from development.
The _____ ____ estuary is the largest in the nation, incorporating portions of 6 states and stretching 200 miles from Havre de Grace, Maryland, to Norfolk, Virginia.
Chesapeake Bay
In the 1960s, deindustrialization, the environmental movement, and legislation such as the
Clean Water Act rehabilitated the Connecticut River
During the Industrial Revolution, the river was used to dump waste
Connecticut River
Waterways are plentiful along the Megalopolis coast, 5 major rivers flow from their Appalachian headwaters to the sea.
Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna, and Potomac Rivers
Some companies have begun to issue self-regulated _______ _______ _______ reports that begin to address the ethics of incorporating the triple bottom line.
Corporate social responsibility or CSR
The ____ estuary stretches from Cape May in New Jersey, inland past Philadelphia, and upstream to Trenton, New Jersey.
Delaware
The embayed topography, indented coastline, and deciduous forests were a welcome sight to
European immigrants
Settled the Vineyard in 1642 near the present site of Edgartown
Europeans
____ flattened the land, leaving moraines that shaped the exposed ridge of Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and Long Island.
Glaciers
New York City's landscape has been altered since
Henry Hudson landed (changed so radically few could imagine it prior to Anglo America settlement until the Mannahatta Project revealed in 2008 the ecological landscape)
The forest became on e of the most studied ecologic resources in the world, documented by articles, numerous thesis and dissertations based on its climax status and the forest:s historic provenance.
Hutcheson Memorial Forest
New Jersey contains 2 anomalous rural areas,
Hutcheson Memorial Forest and the Pine Barrens
Coined the term Megalopolis
In 1957 Geographer Jean Gottman
A study of tree rings revealed that every decade prior to European settlement fire had spread through the forest, but none since.
In the case of the Hutcheson
The tip of the isle of ______ sits the financial capital of the United Staes and one of the most important cities in the world.
Manhattan
(New York City's Landscape) The biota were lost under tons of concrete--concrete supported by
Manhattan's sturdy schist bedrock
As the glacier retreated 10,000 years ago, ______ ______ and _____, located 7 miles south of Cape Cod were dry, inland hills on the coastal plain. As the ice melted and the water rose, they became islands on the continental shelf.
Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket
Freshwater supplies have hit crisis levels, and residents of
Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey have been periodically ordered to restrict water use
Generates 20% of nation's total personal income, 4th largest economy in the world, ahead of France and the UK, Greatest wealth and greatest poverty 1/4 of all U.S. Wholesale trade 1/4 of those working in finance and law highest population densities in the nation business and government center for the nation
Megalopolis
Greek for "very large city"--an extended urban area with millions of people.
Megalopolis
Settled in 1795, settlers farmed and fished the bountiful waters until 1800, whaling was the primary industry from 1800 to 1870s, when petroleum replace whale oil.
Nantucket
A proposal in ______ _______ for the first offshore wind farm in the United States had the island communities up in arms since 2003. Most opponents based their opposition on aesthetics and navigation, but in 2010 the wind farm was approved
Nantucket Sound
Just to the south and west of New York City lies ____ ____, the most densely populated state.
New Jersey
The fall line extends from
New Jersey to Talladega, Alabama
Center of Megalopolis
New York City
The largest city in the United States since the end of the 18th century
New York City
In 1749, this student of Linnaeus of taxonomy fame, documented the area including the woodlot. Among his notes were comments about the woodlot:s canopy, so open a carriage could drive through. It was this comment that changed perceptions of the old-growth forest.
Peter Kalm
The tourism economy followed when petroleum replaced what oil in Nantucket, beginning slowly, with religious camp revival meetings in the Vineyard, while _____ became the dominant force on Nantucket
Quakers
In 1954, the 65 acre Hutcheson forest, located in the middle of densely populated New Jersey, was sold to _____ _____ and "rediscovered" as the last remaining old-growth Piedmont forest in New Jersey, a last remnant of "natural" land prior to Angle settlement. Declared a static and unchanging climax forest, it became a cause celebre.
Rutgers University
Traffic permitting, once more than a day's ride aways is incorporated into the Boston metropolitan area, as are the coastal areas of New Hampshire and southern Maine
Merrimack Valley
Dutch immigrants named ______ cleared and settled the land, leaving a woodlot as most settlers did in the the Hutcheson Memorial Forest.
Mettler
Several Megalopolis BosWash Cities lie near the
deep bas of the convoluted coastline
The ____ ______ of the environment that Hudson found has planted the seeds to understand the lost natural landscape. By knowing our land and what we have done to it, we can begin to live with the landscape instead of against it.
digital re-creation
The rivers may be depressed below sea level, creating _____ ____ and converting them to estuaries and bays--Chesapeake, Delaware, and New York bays.
drowned rivers
The Atlantic Ocean defines the
eastern boundary of Megalopolis
Several Megalopolis organizations seek:
environmental, ecological,and social equity in water use
a major geologic feature of southern Megalopolis, where the harder rock of the Piedmont ends and the softer coastal soils begin
fall line
Megalopolis cities tend to be either at the rapids and waterfalls of the
fall line (Trenton, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington) or at harbors (New York and Boston)
Changes the composition of the forest and helps propagate oaks and hickories but squelches sugar maples
fire
The Chesapeake has multiple habitats:
forests, wetlands, tidal marshes, and open waters. Each meets the needs of specific biota.
The question remains whether or not a quarterly-report can mix with
green buildings, clean waterways, and a long-term sustainable future
The number of people on the islands of the Vineyard and Nantucket,
has created a variety of environmental issues, from overfishing to pollution and energy needs. The growth of population and increasingly small lots for the less wealthy has added water pollution to the ills of the island, as septic systems will make it more difficult and expensive for new homeowners.
The unintended consequence of this human-dominated landscape have altered the ecology of the region, reduced wildlife habitat and natural vegetation, and created environmental issues.
have altered the ecology of the region, reduced wildlife habitat and natural vegetation, and created environmental issues. Climate change conditions have added to the complex mix
No longer can the "invisible hand" of self-interest be the sole guide to a
healthy economy
New England's longest river, evolved when glacial Lake Hitchcock drained 13,000 years ago after a moraine dam eroded, flooding the valley and blanketing it with fertile sediment.
The Connecticut River pg. 155
Offer safe ports and were the location for Anglo settlements.
The Delaware and Chesapeake Bays
2 Major Bays define the sites for major Megalopolis cities:
The Delaware and Chesapeake bays, 2 submerged valleys that are now estuaries
Marks the southern extend of the last ice age glaciations. North of the river the topographic formations--drumlins, moraines, outwash plains, and fjords--are remnants of the ice age glaciation.
The Hudson river pg. 155
The Appalachian headwater rivers spawned the waterpower-dependent cities of the Industrial Revolution and may be a source of future power.
The Hudson, Connecticut, Delaware and Potomac pg. 155
A remnant of norther New Jersey's heavily forested Piedmont region.
The Hutcheson Memorial Forest
The Chesapeake, Long Island, and Delaware estuaries continue to
house ever-larger populations, while industrials waste, raw sewage, and hypoxia induce fish kills
The former tributaries of the Lower Susquehanna:
The Potomac, James, and Rappahannock, now empty into the drowned valley. Much of the area is shallow and a critical habitat for aquatics.
What generally divides the fall line topography; not is a distinct escarpment, south diminishes to rapids with little "fall" but a distinctive soil transition from the harder Piedmont to the sandy coastal alluvium.
The Rappahannock River in Chesapeake Bay
Studies revealed new plant species in the Hutcheson forest since Kalms 18th century study, If the ecosystem was climax and undisturbed, why were these plants present?
The answers lie in human disturbances in the forest, development, agriculture, introduction of exotic species by air or animals, and climate change had change the "pristine" forest.
The main attraction of Megalopolis is not its rural areas but
its cities, a conurbations where the edges of one city meet the edges of the next
There were signs as the 1980's, when the Rainforest Alliance began working with business to create a program for identifying environmentally sound wood products:
more graduates were taking jobs outside traditional environmental areas, jobs like engineering , wast management, policy development, law and resource protection
Today human artifacts hide the
natural regional landscape pg. 155
In Cape Cod, oceanside sand cliffs have
no reisstance to rising sea level and waves
Caused the entire eastern shoreline has caused saltwater intrusion that threatens coastal aquifers and results in a depletion of wildlife, aquatic sea life, and lack o water for the growing population
overallocated freshwater
The boundaries of Megalopolis are not
physical
Hutcheson Memorial Forest was indeed special, not because of its climate change, but because it
provided lessons in dynamism and the indirect effects of human activity
Supported a fishing economy until the late 20th century when increased population caused runoff pollutions and sea level rise began to threaten coastal areas.
rivers and bays
The result of sea-level rise and groundwater pumping, has affected the low-lyings coast and resulted in contaminated drinking water
seawater intrusion
2 types of people inhabit the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket
the locals and those who have second or third homes
Tidal action scours the estuaries clean, but pollution now overcomes the tide's ability
to cleanse water
The conurbation is ideal for sustainable
transportation, but it also challenges living with natural resource limitations
______ environmental assaults, such as the aborted Broadwater Energy Project to pipe liquefied natural gas, continue to threaten the already contaminated Long Island Sound
unsustainable
In Chatham, located on the elbow of the Cape, 9 houses were lost to storms, and more are
vulnerable to the capricious movement of sand
The region of Megalopolis is defined more by
where people live, the growth in population, and the extent of sprawl than by the physical landscape of the Atlantic Coastal Plain
The western boundary is the least distinct of all and is best defined as
where urban meets rural, seldom more than 100 miles inland
During the 1990's, as sustainability and renewable energy the new _____ seventy additional watershed sites were identified as having hydropower potential
zeitgeist
The Connecticut River has been used and abused over, according to the
zeitgeist (spirit of the times)
Settled the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket about 10,000 years ago
Wampanoags
Were a convenient sure of fuel, timber, and hunting
Woodlots
The real growth impetus was
World War II and the evolution of mass transport
Hutchison Memorial Forest, The answers to these questions changed forest ecosystem+
a steady state climax forest evolves in relation to surrounding influences.
Climate change has already begun to raise sea levels and erode coastal areas lacking
basement rock
The pressure to show shareholders a profit forces company officials to sanction environmentally and socially damaging actions that will
cause more economic harm in the long run but satisfy short-term predictions
The 130 ____ _____ project will provide up to 75% of the Cape and island energy needs.
Cape Wind
Poor farmland that was never settled to the degree of more productive soils, and today the drive from Atlantic City to Camden remains bucolic
Barrens
Southern New Jersey's soil, sandy and acidic, supports miles of pitch pine forests called the
Barrens
Portion of New England is a recently emerged part of the continental shelf
Cape Cod to Hudson River
3 Large city ports, now support petrochemical shipments and refineries:
Philadelphia; Camden, New Jersey; and Wilmington, Delaware
The ______ are protected as a national reserve due to threatening suburban encroachment.
Pinelands
35 million years ago, a meteor strike formed a crater at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, creating a drowned estuary in the lower
Susquehanna River
Sea level rise due to global warming is
accelerating more quickly than was anticipated even at the millennium
New York City water has been proclaim as among the
best in the world and is one of the last unfiltered drinking water supplies in the nation, although it is treated with chlorine and fluoride to meet disinfection and contamination standards
Southern Megalpolis waterways have been
less successfully renewed
In the Vineyard, escalating prices and taxes have cause many of 15,000 year-round local residents to
lose their homes