American RedCross ACV First Aid/CPR/AED Course

Check broken down:

Check scene, get consent, check person (breathing bleeding, other threats)

signs of heat stroke

Moist, pale or flushed skin Absence of sweating Some degree of sweating Unresponsive Confusion Seizure Headache Nausea Dizziness Weakness Exhaustion

Other ways of portection

PPE, not needed though

signs of a heart attack

Persistent chest pain, pressure or squeezing Isolated, unexplained discomfort in the arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach Dizziness or light-headedness Trouble breathing, including shortness of breath Pale, gray or bluish skin Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea Extreme fatigue Sweating A feeling of anxiety or impending doom Unresponsiveness

o Give Breaths with a Pocket Mask:

Place the mask over the person's nose and mouth; it should not go past the chin. Seal the mask to the face with your hands. Lift the person's face into the mask and open the airway to a past-neutral position. Maintain a good seal. Take a normal breath and make a complete seal over the mask valve with your mouth. Blow into the one-way valve for about 1 second, while looking to see that the chest begins to rise. Allow the person's chest to fall and the air to exit while you take another breath, make a seal and give a second breath.

General care for (positioning) Unresponsive person who is breathing or a person who responds but is not fully awake: Responsive person: A person who is actively seizing:

Place the person in a recovery position. Place the person in a position of comfort. Monitor the person until the seizing has stopped. Turn them onto their side into a recovery position if it is possible to do so without injury. If they become unresponsive, position them in the recovery position.

How do you give back blows?

Position yourself to the side and slightly behind the choking person. 2Place one arm diagonally across the person's chest. 3Bend the person at the waist so that their upper body is as parallel to the ground as possible. 4Firmly strike the person to give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand. Each back blow should be separate from the others.

Continue giving CPR cycles until

You notice an obvious sign of life, like breathing. An AED is ready. Another trained responder is available to take over compressions. EMS personnel arrive and begin their care of the person. You are alone and too tired to continue. The scene becomes unsafe.

where do you give back blows

between the shoulder blades

How can you lower your risk for infection when giving breaths?

breathing barrier

Use the AED as soon as possible,

but do not delay compressions to find or use the AED!

Chest compressions

- person is on flat surface - kneel beside them, knees shoulders apart - heel of hand and interlace them so that fingers are off of chest - lock elbows, shoulder directly over - a depth of at least 2 inches and a rate of between 100 and 120 compressions per minute, or one about every half second - allow chest to return to normal position

5 things to remember for high quality CPR

-100 to 120 per minute -Compression depth: at least 2 inches -Chest position between compressions:returns to normal position -Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to:less than 10 seconds -Breaths: last about 1 second; chest begins to rise

when giving CPR to an infant

-Place the fingers in the center of the chest just below the nipple line. -Compress the chest straight down and fast, at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. -Let the chest rise completely before pushing down again. -tilt head to neutral position

An infant is defined as someone under the age of

1

When giving chest compressions to an infant, the rate is the same as for a child and an adult. However, what is the correct compression depth to use?

1.5 inches

high fever in younger than 3 mo

100.4 /38

high fever in younger than 2 years

102.5/ 39.2

sugested amount of sugar for diabetic attack

20g adult 15g sugar

CPR cycles

30 compressions, 2 breaths, smooth transition, interruption less than ten seconds

Continue giving sets of __ back blows and __ abdominal thrusts until the adult or child can cough, cry or speak, or they become unresponsive.

5

signs of shock

A rapid, weak heartbeat Rapid breathing Pale (grayish), cool, moist skin Changes in levels of consciousness ranging from unresponsive to confused, restless or irritable Nausea or vomiting Excessive thirst

3 steps if you think someone is in cardiac arrest

Call or instruct someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately and get the AED and first aid kit. Begin CPR immediately. Use an AED as soon as possible.

What is the third and final emergency action step?

Care

signs of opioid overdose

Decreased breathing effort, for example, breathing slowly and perhaps only a few times a minute Unresponsiveness Bluish or greyish colored skin Cardiac arrest

When you check a responsive person who does not have a life-threatening emergency, what should you do after asking them questions about their signs and symptoms, allergies and medications/medical conditions?

Do a focused check

FAST {stroke}

F: Facial drooping (Nasal folds) A: Arm weakness S: Slurred speech T: Time-call 911 asap (3-4hrs)

To giver breath w face shield

First, place the face shield over the person's face, ensuring the one-way valve is over their mouth. Open the airway to a past-neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique. Pinch the nose shut, take a normal breath and make a complete seal over the person's mouth. Allow the person's chest to fall and the air to exit while you take another breath, make a seal and give a second breath. First, place the face shield over the person's face, ensuring the one-way valve is over their mouth.

signs of anaphylaxis

History of an allergy Signs of an allergic reaction (e.g., hives, nausea, vomiting) Swelling of the face, neck, tongue or lips Trouble breathing Shock A change in responsiveness

how do oyu care for heatstroke

Immerse the person up to their neck in cold water, if you can safely do so. If you can't immerse the person in cold water, apply cold, wet clothes or towels to the skin, then apply ice packs and fan the person. Watch for changes in the person's condition.

Where do you place AED pads?

In an adult, one AED pad must be placed on the upper right side of the person's chest and one must be placed on the lower left side of the person's chest.

signs of head, spinal, or neck injury

Mechanism of injury Change in behavior or mental status (e.g., unresponsiveness, confusion, stumbling, repeatedly asking the same questions, memory loss, nausea or vomiting, or speech problems) Head, neck or back pain or a visible injury Loss of sensation or movement Seizures Crying Inability to do activities that the person could previously do

What is SAM

Signs, symptoms Allergies Medication, Medical Conditions

What is the best approach to lowering the risk for infection when giving first aid care?

Wash ya hands for at least 20 seconds, IF not available, use alcohol based hand sanitizer

signs of asthma attack

Wheezing or coughing Rapid, shallow breathing or trouble breathing Being unable to talk without stopping for a breath in between every few words Anxiety and fear Change in behavior, including being unresponsive Sweating

hat age do you not use pediatric aed pads?

above 8 or more than 55 lbs

Naloxone for

an opioid overdose

Epinephrine for

anaphylaxis

How do you get someone in recovery position?

arm closest above head roll person so head rests on extended arm bend knees to stabilize the body

Quick-relief (rescue) medications for

asthma

call step includes

calling 9-1-1 and getting the AED, a first aid kit and, if necessary, a bleeding control kit or telling someone to do so.

If the chest does not rise after a couple breaths

cardiac arrest due to choking most likely

Three steps to emergency first aid

check, call, care

if cant give abdominal thrusts, give

chest thrusts

Sugar or glucose tablets, gel or liquid for

diabetes

When placing pediatric AED pads on an infant, you should use which of the following pad placements?

front and back

If CPR cannot be performed,

give continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute after calling 9-1-1.

When drowning is the suspected cause of CA, first ____ before CPR cycles

give two initial breaths

Aspirin for

heart attack

what is your risk of catching an infection during first aid?

low risk

recovery position

lying on the side. also called the lateral recumbent position

A person in cardiac arrest is

not responsive, not breathing (or only has gasping breaths) and has no heartbeat.

When giving breaths keep airway in--

past neutral position, do not push head down

If exposed to bodily fluids/blood:

report incident and contact healthcare provider

During an emergency, what should you check first?

safety of the scene

A child is defined as

someone from the age of 1 to the onset of puberty, as evidenced by breast development in girls and underarm hair development in boys (usually around the age of 12). When giving care, follow child techniques and use appropriately sized equipment.

If more than one trained person is there for CPR

switch every 5 cycles/about every two minutes

adolescent is defined as someone from

the onset of puberty through adulthood. When giving care, follow adult techniques and use appropriately sized equipment.

When using the encircling thumbs technique to give compressions to an infant, you would position your hands in which of the following ways?

thumbs front handds encircle back

When and Why do we do recovery position?

unresponsive and breathing or responsive but not fully awake, used to lower risk of choking and aspiration

What could point towards an emergency

unusual noises, odors, appearances/behavior