Chapter 15: Evolution by Natural Selection

One species will sometimes diversify in a relatively short time into a number of different species in a pattern called

Adaptative Radiation

A population is divided by a barrier, each population evolves separately, and eventually the 2 populations cannot successfully interbreed in...

Allopatric Speciation

Birds wings and butterfly wings that have the same function but different structures

Analogous Structure

DNA and RNA comparisons that might indicate evolutionary relationships

Comparative Biochemistry

...will shift populations toward a beneficial but extreme trait value.

Directional Selection

...removes individuals with average trait values, creating 2 populations with extreme traits.

Disruptive Selection...

Darwin discovered that the Galapagos mockingbirds were different species.

False

Darwin named the process by which evolution proceeds artificial selection.

False

The environments that Darwin studied exhibited little biological diversity.

False

A change in allelic frequencies in a population that is due stop chance is...

Genetic Drift

The idea that evolution occurred in small steps over millions of years in a speciation model is currently known as

Gradualism

Modified structure seen among different groups of descendants

Homologous Structure

A change in the size or frequency o a trait based on competition for mates is...

Sexual Selection

The most common form of selection, removes organisms with extreme expressions a trait is...

Stabilizing Selection

A species evolved into a new species without any barriers that separate the populations in...

Sympatric Speciation

Charles Darwin served as naturalist on the HMS Beagle.

True

While in the Galapagos Islands, Darwin noticed slight differences in the animals from one island to the next.

True

A body structure that is no longer used for its original function but that might have been used in an ancestor

Vestigal Structure

Eyes in a species of blind fish

Vestigal Structure

are traits shared by species with a common ancestor

ancestral traits

are newly evolved features such as feathers

derived traits

thought to be the ancestor of birds

dinosaur

Traits that enable individuals to survive or reproduce better than individuals without those traits are called -reproduction-.

false, adaptations

-Geographic distribution- is the study of the distribution of plants and animals on Earth.

false, biogeography

Mimicry involves a harmless species that has evolved to closely resemble a -beneficial- one.

false, harmful

show that the species present on Earth have changed over time

fossils

When a small sample of the main population settles in a location separated from the main population, the...can occur

founder effect

thought to be the ancestor of armadillos

glyptodont

-Antibiotic resistance- is a form of adaptation that causes some diseases to come back in more harmful forms.

true

Evolutionary theory predicts that species respond to similar -environments- in similar ways.

true

Mimicry and camouflage are morphological adaptations that increase a species' -fitness-.

true

Similar environments can lead to the -evolution- of similar animals, even if they are not close relatives.

true