AMS 101 final

Who was "Hound Dog" stolen from?

Big Mamma Thorton

Springsteen writing

Cowie and Boehm

Compton writing

Sides

Great U Turn writing

Massey

Riot Grrls Writer

Sara Marcus

"How I Got Over"

Song by Mahalia Jackson about her expeirence being attacked by a mob of white racists for driving a nice car in a white neighborhood. Though her song did not explicitly depect a poilitical message, her spiritual song was used as an unofficial anthem for the civil rights movement

Shirelles writing

Susan Douglas

Black Panthers Writing

Vincent

Fannie Lou Hamer

D = (1917-1977) A Mississippi Sharecropper, the youngest of 20 children, who endured horrific treatment by white bosses, doctors, and police. She was active in local black empowerment organizations during the 1950s. Hamer led a voting drive in 1962, Indianola, MS; afterward she was evicted from her land. Hamer testified for the Mississippi Democratic Freedom Party at the 1964 DNC. President Johnson tried to prevent her testimony from being seen by making an announcement at that time (ended up backfiring and her video was spread nationwide). C = Famously used spirituals/gospel as part of her speeches to encourage fellow activists. She brought the civil rights struggle in Mississippi to the attention of the entire nation during a televised session. Quickly becomes powerful field organizer for SNCC/CORE Voting Rights drives in 1962 -1970. Testifies for Mississippi Democratic Freedom Party at 1964 DNC

Leiber and Stoller

D = (Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller) Jewish songwriters in the late 1950's. white songwriters who wrote "black music" for artists on their label in the late 1950's. They had 11 hit pop singles in 1957, including Elvis' "Hound Dog" & "Jailhouse Rock." notably Big Mama Thornton's and later Elvis' "Hound Dog." Worked in the Brill Building. C = white people were able to profit off of black intellectual property, and they were the first to surround black music with elaborate production values ←-I think they might mean they were the first to start really putting a lot of money into the music they were creating (if anyone wants to clarify though that'd be great). Leiber considered himself black all but in color

The Palladium

D = 1950-1964 was a place to dance in NY. "big 3" would competitively and continuously perform. Blocks away from Brill Building. Whats going on in music during this time? -Rock, salsa (interesting b/c you would assume salsa originated in latin america, but actually from new york -Nick)... People at Brill would hang at Palladium, listening to new music and getting inspired by it, Louie Louie by Richard Berry. C = fostered a Latino community in NY and showcased Latin music and dance. Palladium's proximity to Brill building fostered hybridization of music from different races, popularization of Latin rhythms and dances. Latin rhythms would come to influence many popular genres in America. Showcase for Latin dance & music.

"The Great U-Turn"

D = 1970's was a turning point. union workers were replaced by new plants where few workers operated. unemployment increased. share of income going to wealthy taxpayers, exploded in 80s during reagan's presidency. Americans now work more, but earn less; required two earners for a household to remain in the middle class. "post industrial economy" C = forced people to use coping strategies

The PATCO Strikes

D = 1981 strike of air traffic controllers; during Reagan's presidency. 95% of workers went on strike; demanded better working conditions, hours and wages. four hours into the strike Reagan demanded that they stop or they lose their jobs and close to 12000 air traffic controllers were fired. C = the effects of PATCO strike can be seen in lack of labor unions and resulted in a stagnation in wages for middle class workers despite continuous increase in corporate profit.

Middle Class

D = 25% above and 25% below median income ($75,000 - $25,000 yearly income), industrialization, war-time economic boom, decrease in unions. Happy middle class 1940-70s. after Great U-turn middle class declines C = center and powerhouse of the economy. Many believe the best way to ignite a better economy lies in giving money to the middle class to spend more. Refer to movie we watched in lecture, class stratification and inequality;

"Coping Strategies"

D = 3 main strategies. how Americans began to cope with the flattening of wages starting in the 70's after the great u-turn. 1) women went into workforce. 2) people started to work longer hours or taking on multiple jobs. 3) borrowing/going into debt-seemed okay in the housing boom because there was a rise of housing prices but collapsed during the recession. C = led to workers buying less, companies downsizing, tax revenue decrease. brought light to how important the middle class is in regards to the economy of America.

The Brill Building

D = A recording industry located in Broadway, NY where rock and roll hits of the 1950's and 60's were written. Many publishers and labels coexisted in and around the Brill Building. Most important producer of popular songs in the western world. American pop and rock have shown enormous gratitude to the brill building. Songwriters such as Carole King, Phil Spector, Paul Simon, and Leiber and Stoller. Various genres, such as the traditional Pop and Rock, and artists, such as Drifters, Ronettes, Coasters and Shangri-Las, came out of the Brill Building. "Birth of bubblegum pop" C = they had the power in creating music teens listen to. Proximity to Palladium and Latin dance music caused crossover of latin musical flavor, ripping off of minorities' music that then led this new music to be widely accepted. Created a platform for black/latinx artists to create music and put their work out there

Are You Popular?

D = A social guidance film in 1947 discussing how teenagers should act. Excerpts from class: kids inviting certain people to sit with them at lunch over others, boy asking girl out, narrator: "he has thought about what she might want" C = Almost all of these types of films/media are targeted towards white, middle-class youth. Aim was to try and control this new group called "teenagers" by teaching them how to act and what was considered proper behavior. Accompanied films like "Dating: Do's and Don'ts", "Boys Beware" and "What To Do on a Date". Showed the idea that girls who have too many boy friends arent cool but those that have a small collection of prospects are more 'popular'. "girls shouldnt park cars with multiple boys". Between 1946 and 1960, the number of teenagers grew from 5.6 million to 11.8 million, giving them a newfound prominence in the American population. Teens had more freedoms and resources, such as TV, telephone, film, diners, automobiles, and drive-in's, but with the end of WWII came the need to maintain unity and family values, resulting in social guidance films to teach teenagers how they were expected to behave.

Kinsey Reports

D = Alfred Kinsey, professor of zoology at indiana university. wrote two Kinsey reports, one in 1948 (male): Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and one in 1953 (female): Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (occurred around the time where WWII was sending men home for sodomy) Dr. Kinsey's research revealed many revelations regarding sex during the 1960s, most notably that approximately ten percent of men were homosexual. through his studies, he learned that even as a supposedly repressed sexual culture, people had engaged in premarital, extramarital and homosexual sex. C = normalized and encouraged sex, regarded homosexuality as normal, and set the stage for the "sexual revolution" of the 1960s. Americans felt okay to talk about sex and confront their own sexualities. Published right before Lavender Scare. People tried to refute his data based on his use of prisoner information for the books. Established the Kinsey Scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, is used in research to describe a person's sexual orientation based on their experience or response at a given time. The scale typically ranges from 0, meaning exclusively heterosexual, to 6, meaning exclusively homosexual

The Shirelles

D = An African American band/girl group popular in the 1960's. teenage girl band in the late 50's and early 60s that used their platform to discuss female liberation and deconstructed gender/race in popular music. "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" (1960) became the first song by a female group to hit #1 on pop charts since 1958, and the first ever by a group of black women. Ch 4 Where the Girls Are: Growing up Female with the Mass Media by Susan J. Douglas provides more insight C = offered a voice for an audience that was usually voiceless (women, esp black women). able to emerge in a patriarchal society

Los Angeles Riots / Rebellion

D = April 29, 1992. Lasted 6 days after four LAPD officers responsible for beating Rodney King after a car chase were acquitted. 53 dead, 2000 injured. 3600 fires set. 1100 buildings destroyed, close to $1billion in losses/damages. On March 3, 1991 video of Rodney King being beaten was recorded. 4 cops charged with assault, 3 with excessive force. Trial was moved to Simi Valley, a highly white suburb, and all were acquitted. C =This was the first instance in which police really started being monitored. Little policing of the police until Rodney incident happened. First evidence of police brutality to be spread national media, LAPD on trial. A few years after the release of NWA "F*** The Police", added to hatred for police and excessive force. Daryl Gates LAPD police chief was in office until 1992. Known for excessive force, use of choke holds, etc. LAPD was used to getting what they wanted. so many forces led to this massive upset. Somewhat like the area snapping due to their complaints of police brutality never being properly addressed, a man getting beaten and nobody being disciplined for those actions.

"La Bamba"

D = Based off a Son Jarocho song from Veracruz, Mexico, written by Ritchie Valens (who was originally Ricardo Valenzuela) 1958 Many artists have copied off this song The Isley Brothers "Twist and shout" (1962) to the Beatles "Twist and Shout" (1964) to "Come on Lets Go" (1958) to the Ramones "Come on Lets go" (1979) to the Rolling Stones "Satisfaction" (1965) C = Reusing other musical themes, influence of Latin music on rock and roll of the period, Latin is formative in rock. Ritchie Valens changed his name to fit more with American popular culture but he is still Latino so there is a hidden influence of Latin American culture on american music. Similar to Oye Como Va except for that was a deliberate display of Latino Culture (during the Chicano Movement--taking pride in his heritage and the fact that he is latino).

Free Breakfast Program

D = Born in their Oakland, California headquarters in 1968.The goal of the program was to feed as many people as they could, it served breakfast to children and was offered by the Black Panthers. 20,000 meals a week in 19 different communities. mostly lead by women. Developed from info that said children w/o good breakfast every morning would do poorly in school. Made huge difference in oakland community and nationally C = It pushed a lot of public schools to provide this. ← In the lecture, Cordova mentioned that this push on the government's part was in part due to it wanting to look "better" than a "radical" party. (can be connected to cointelpro in that both of these actions/programs by the government were effects of the party's threat which it posed for the government and Hoover's image.) Reflection of the Black Panthers, "This is who the Black Panthers are" -woman who went to the free breakfast program as a child. This is still offered in many public schools today.

Anita Hill

D = Circuit Judge Clarence Thomas was nominated for Supreme Court and Anita Hill, professor of law @ the University of Oklahoma, testifying against Clarence Thomas for sexual harassment. The 1991 hearings with Anita Hill being grilled by a board of white men (like Joe Biden) about being sexually harassed was televised creating uproar. national scandal because hearing on national television. The testimony was in 1991 and he was still elected to the supreme court in 1992 C = widely regarded as the moment that garnered national attention to the issue of sexual harassment in the workplace. Example of men in power getting away with sexual deviancy. Large uproar among feminists since he faced no sort of punishment for his behaviour. Became a movement among Riot Grrrls to say "I believe Anita Hill." Those simple words had tremendous power as many victims were not believed or heard.

Stonewall

D = Stonewall Inn: a gay bar in Greenwich Village in NY. 1969 routine police raid and shut down by NYPD. NY passed laws against homosexuality in public and private businesses; sodomy was still illegal in the US. gay communities were forced underground. first gay pride march took place a year after Stonewall riots, day coined "Christopher Street Gay Liberation Day" June 28, 1970. C = considered to be one of the most prominent events leading up to gay liberation movement, reflected social unrest

Same Cooke

D = Cooke first achieves popular success as a Gospel singer with Sam Cooke and the Soul Stirrers (1950-1957). He is the first "king of soul," his music featuring a blend of Gospel and R&B/Blues. Later his overt religious references disappear. C = popularizes gospel on the radio. "A Change is Gonna Come" (1964) was a song first written and recorded by Cooke. It becomes an anthem of black empowerment (used by Spike Lee in the film "Malcolm X," performed at Obama's inauguration). **I think it's important to know also the whole gospel-across-racial-lines concept. Old-Time & Bluegrass, Also from South, origins in the Church, singles like Stanley Brothers "Amazing Grace" achieves mainstream success in the 60s. White vs Black gospel and how white music gained more mainstream success and respect than black music.

Cointelpro

D = Counter intelligence program, an FBI program from 1956-1971 whose purpose was to expose, disrupt, and discredit (what they considered) to be radical organizations. Organizations included anti-Vietnam War organizers, activists of the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Panther Party, and The Young Lords. Wanted to neutralize activities of black nationalist (which mean jailed or killed). "Counterintelligence aimed at [destroying] the PPP", meant to prevent a black "Messiah" that would lead the movement, someone who would appeal to youths and gain community respect. 245 out of 295 brackets were against the Black Panthers. C = opposed war protesters and black panthers among others....showed government directly oppressing freedoms of those who challenged its views.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

D = In Montgomery, AL in 1955-56, there was a protest against segregation in public transportation. It was initiated by the Rosa Parks event, in which Parks refused to give her seat up for a white man. 40,000 people mobilized in two days (just know it was a lot of people in little time). others had done what Parks did before but she was the ideal face of the movement due to the lack of things that could be used against her (perfect innocent christian woman) C = Importance of the church: where everything is happening - passing out leaflets, motivated preaching. Southern Christian Leadership Conference - 1957 organized by black clergy in wake of the boycott success

"Letter from a Birmingham Jail"

D = Letter from a Birmingham Jail" - Dr. King, April 1963, King compares himself to St. Paul, who was called upon by the Macedonians to spread the Word of God to the Greeks. Letter to the church (white clergy) saying they needed to do something, that they had the moral authority to do something. C = The letter was written during the 1963 Birmingham campaign, was widely published, and became an important text for the American Civil Rights Movement. The letter responded to several criticisms made by the "A Call for Unity" clergymen, who agreed that social injustices existed but argued that the battle against racial segregation should be fought solely in the courts, not the streets. The Birmingham campaign sealed King's reputation as the outstanding moral and political leader of the Civil Rights Movement.

"Dancing in the Street"

D = Motown Hit by Martha and the Vandellas it was No. 2 on the Pop Charts in 1964. Written by Marvin Gaye, William Stevenson, and Ivy Jo Hunter. Produced by Motown Records, established as competition for Brill Building production. Related to Watts Riot in 1965, (big question was Why damage buildings in your own neighborhood? A: Cordova (kinda) explained that it was really just a bubbling up of anger and frustration, that was the first place that it could be released, especially after nonviolent MLK is killed in street (in 1968) C = Revisited in 1965 with Watts riot/rebellion and Detroit Riot. think about language when talking about race riots. What do we call them and what do specific words imply? Closely associated with mass protest and rebellion. Was a Motown record which was a black label representing black entrepreneurship. The music of Motown was often of romantic love songs, not always protest songs. But just that it existed was an expression of some form of social change.

Black Panther Newspaper

D = Newspaper published by the Black Panther Party to earn money (since most of them had no other way of earning it) and to spread awareness/information about what the party was about. The newspaper would often include caricatures that many saw as an important representation of the struggles of the black community. Included illustrations by Emory Douglas. (Date: ??<-- I can't find a specific date from a reliable source, but I think writing that this was during the late 1960s is a safe bet?) Spread Black Panther message to broad audience across country, perfect example of a kind of grassroots start, multiple women working in the office on top of their other responsibilities to put work into this newspaper C = Through the powerful images and the articles on the newspaper they were able to express their discontent with the society that was oppressing them. important in helping the Black Panther Party and the rest of the African-American community visually express their revolution they were leading.

All in the Family

D = Norman Lear tv show in the 70's. Archie Bunker was an anti-hero character that was beloved in middle America. CBS "comedy TV show (1971-79) depicted white lower/middle class family living in Queens, NY. C = addressed actual problems of society but kept main character conservative that right-winged viewers could relate to. Lear hoped to purge prejudice by exposing it. Pro: exposed regular family life with racism, discrimination included. Didn't beat around the 'race' bush. Con: didn't make any efforts to correct the discourse and show how wrong Archie really was in his thoughts. Blew the lid off the convention of "family." The sitcoms of the 1960s were so idealistic and didn't focus on racial problems. Norman Lear presented first steps of realistic depictions of family. Public was growing tired against perfect family. The TV family was now a political battleground. Broke one mold while reinforcing another.

Tailhook

D = September 8-12 1991, 35th annual conference in Las Vegas. The Tailhook Association and symposium was a hotbed for sexual harassment and sexual assault especially on the 3rd floor of the Las Vegas Hilton hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. Things like "women are property" t-shirts and "walking the gauntlet," which was a strip of hall where officers would attack females and undress them, were examples of the extent of sexual misconduct there. This specific time became a national scandal when Paula Coughlin (navy) came forward as a victim. Barbara Pope, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, supported her. In total 90 victims came forward. The Secretary of the Navy was fired for this, however Coughlin faced a huge backlash and ended up quitting the Navy. Nothing was done, no conviction was made. Men accused of these actions did not take it seriously. C = The Tailhook conference was an example of the continual sexual harassment in the workplace of women. Other examples of this kind of misconduct was the Anita Hill case. Paula Coughlin's coming forward was an example of women starting to fight back against sexual harassment. Fighting against the exploitation and harassment/assault of women was a serious part of the feminist movement Riot Grrrls.

Gentrification

D = The process of buying and renovating property in deteriorated urban neighborhoods by upper- or middle-class, thus improving property values but often displacing low-income families and small businesses. Think of opposite of white flight? Hand-in-hand with displacement, process of making groups of people leave, "pricing people out" as Nick put it during review. Not overnight, but gradual process that makes people leave. Historical context: always happening, but can say it started along with white flight, around the 1970-present. Today, gent. is more prevalent than white flight. C = Connect to deindustrialization and white flight, privileging certain spaces for specific people

Y.M.C.A.

D = Young Mens Christian Association (1978) was illustrated in "Cant Stop the Music" (1980) "Young men its a place you can go" song by the Village People C = Released and reappropriated with gay themes, homoerotic music video

Duck and Cover

D = a gov't created safety film produced in 1951 when the soviet union began nuclear testing and the korean war was happening. shown as a civil defense film in response to the growing threat of a nuclear bombing as cold war tensions grew. School children drill involving getting under desk and covering head, during Cold War era, focusing on political tensions. On one hand think about government attempts to keep people safe with the introduction of unused technology, other hand how much did people actually trust the government. Bert the Turtle animation. By "people" I remember her saying that it was young adults/teens that mostly didn't trust the government. C = helped ingrain anti-soviet sentiment in children, made Soviet conflict seem inevitable and tangible. shows a paranoid and anxious society; was created as a way to manage fears of children and alleviate mass hysteria

The Young Lords

D = basically the Puerto Rican version of the Black Panther party. Grassroots movement started in barrios around the US, most notably in New York. began in 1960 as a Puerto Rican gang but developed into a radical nationalist group. platform points: anti-racism, equality for women, anti-Vietnam, anti-capitalist. fought against displacement of Puerto Ricans. latino movement, sought equal rights for latinos. YL went to community leaders (elders) all ready to fight, but elders said they can clean up trash, so they eventually just lit it on fire bc nobody was picking it up. C = showed a willingness to resist "slavery to the gringos" and shape America into a more fair place...... latino pride. Justice group movement, made up of mostly college-aged activists, wanted to change their social environment ie. jobs and housing, inspired by/in the wake of Black Panthers. Think of it as puerto rican manifestation of BPP. Someone to speak up against problems, importance of youth in the group

War on Drugs

D = began in the 1970s and caused a dramatic increase in arrests. in turn increased local spending on law enforcement, criminal justice, and imprisonment. C = mass incarceration has been normalized.black men have disappeared into prisons for drug crimes that are largely ignored when committed by whites. black men who are imprisoned face a lifetime of discrimination. disproportionately denies basic rights and privileges of American citizenship.

STOP - E.R.A.

D = campaign against the Equal Rights Movement by Phyllis Schlafly in 1970's. claimed that ERA would erode the duty of the man to provide for his family financially. ERA was passed in 1972 but killed ten years later. wanted to prohibit sex-segregated bathrooms, women going into the draft, homosexual marriage and actions that would threaten "family values." C = Showed the power of the rising moral majority (?????), Reagan and the rise of the "New Right"

"Louie Louie"

D = derived from Latin NYC rhythms. inspired by Rene Touzet song "Loco Cha Cha" in 1955. written by Leiber and Stoller for Richard Berry in 1956, the Kingsmen made Louie Louie a huge hit in early 60s. C = The first "garage band" song, was the Kingsmen's first (and kinda only) hit. show the hidden influence of latino music in rock. Guitar melodies are all similar between the different songs Cordova showed in class, usage of latin music, L&S inspired after going to Palladium

Sylvester

D = drag queen and disco legend of the 70's. 1970s was characterized by a wave of sexual liberation victories (Roe v Wade, homosexuality was no longer a disorder). C = music became the soundtrack of the gay liberation. "You Make Me Feel" 1978, helped the gay community understand that to feel real means to let out something you recognize as your true self. Genderfluid, broke social construct by singing freely about homosexuality.

Riot Grrl

D = feminist subculture in 1990s (1989-1996) started in the punk rock scene. Multifaceted network of girls focusing on girls issues. Used fanzines (images and drawings created by Riot Grrrls enthusiasts) to spread message and show girls experiences. Spread internationally to the UK. Riot Grrrl bands like the Bikini Kills, Bratmobile, and Heavens to Betsy self-recorded or worked with independent labels to avoid people messing with their message: not popular music. Did things like sending all of the girls to the front in their concerts and writing words like "slut" on their bodies for performances to make girls a priority (something not common with grunge and dangerous mosh pits) and bring a focus to the sexual harassment/assault/exploitation of girls. C = give a different and positive image of feminism. offer a community for women. talk about women's struggles like sexual harassment and assault. Another example of youth activism like Black Panthers, Young Lords, etc.

Saturday Night Fever

D = film released at the height of disco in 1977. featured John Travolta, soundtrack was very popular (23 million copies) C = film launched disco music into the mainstream, became a billion dollar industry. The backlash was that this film evaporated the sense of excitement with disco. Highlighted elements of issues with drug use, depression, racial politics

The Black Panthers

D = first based in California and spread across the nation in 1966. believed that MLK's nonviolent campaign wasn't working. created a 10 point plan to get four desired goals-equality in education, housing, employment, civil rights. protested urban conditions, police brutality, Vietnam. Fought against systematic government suppression of black people. promoted "power to the people"; played a major role in civil rights movement. Started out as an organization to protect the black people from police brutality and soon evolved into what is stated above. Good to know that bulk of Black Panthers were teenagers The Panther was used because they don't seek out violence but respond with violence if it was acted to them. Carried guns and followed police, would observe instances to monitor. Referred to themselves as the vanguard to set example to their community. Black panther party showed up on California state legislature and the police showed up to confiscate their weapons. Members just came in, no screening process. Eldridge Cleaver joins black panther, famous writer known for collection of essays written in prison. Made party credible to white community. Cleaver seen as uncontrollable, loose cannon. C = made Americans realize that institutional racism must go; black america must be accepted and integrated into American society or there would be no peace, black is beautiful. Youth saw the Panthers as cool. Huey Newton imprisonment for John Frye sparked "Free Huey" movement and people of all races and ethnicities joined together to free Huey. The Black Panthers were not only empowering in a political aspect, but in a cultural one as well. With their style and embracement of their natural hair/afros, they inspired many African Americans to take pride in their looks and to not want to look "white". They began to use phrases like "black is beautiful" or "black beauty" which can are still being used in today's beauty campaigns. We can also see the embrace towards afros in culture today by many ordinary african americans and celebrities alike.

Disco Demolition Night

D = july 12, 1979 in chicago. used as a promotion for white sox fans-brought disco vinyl records that would be blown up on baseball field. a lot of the "disco sucks" backlash came from rock music fans who thought it was too capitalistic and queer. some have expressed the event as expressive racism and homophobia. C = the "death" of disco spurred debate about the state of the American family and became a launching pad for Moral Majority to take over. remains as one of the most extreme promotions in major league history.

"Smells Like Teen Spirit"

D = lead single and opening track from Nevermind album by Nirvana (written by Kurt Cobain, Dave Grohl, and Krist Novoselic, 1991). Immensely popular, topping the Billboard 200 album charts. Considered the embodiment of 90s grunge music. The title is inspired by Kathleen Hannah, lead singer of the Bikini Kills. After a night of drinking and lawbreaking, Kathleen wrote "Kurt smells like teen spirit" in reference to the deodorant his ex wore (basically saying your ex has her scent on your and still owns you) while Kurt was passed out. He awoke and thought that it would be a cool title for a song. C = considered voice of generation x, embodied generational feelings of angst. Also example of lack of representation of women in music. Riot Grrrls and women were a part of the punk rock culture, heck Kathleen Hannah came up with the title, yet everyone both in the 90s and today consider a song written by a man as the anthem for grunge, while musicians like the Bikini Kills are overlooked. thought to be when alt. rock entered mainstream

Deindustrialization

D = move from a manufacturing economy to a service economy in the 1980's. manufacturing moved overseas, resulting in the loss of blue collar jobs and plant closings. rise of imports from foreign countries. songs inspired by deindustrialization: Billy Joel's "Allentown", Bruce Springsteen "My Hometown." C = had implications for long-term growth prospects in advanced economies; more of the workforce moved into service sector; determines living standards. future growth within developed world is likely to depend on productivity growth in services

"Born in the USA"

D = recorded by Bruce Springsteen and released in 1984. song explores a working man burning in the despair of deindustrialization. not an ode to patriotism; more a conflicted statement about conflicted identity in the United States. one of the most successful records of all time, can be attributed to misunderstanding of song's meaning. C = politicians have tried to use the song to try and connect to the voters of the working class. Interpretation of song depends on which lyrics listeners choose to highlight (USA patriotism versus destructive forces)

"Straight Outta Compton"

D = released in 1988 by rap group NWA. banned by most radio stations but became an instant hit. portrays the cause of deterioration of compton. C = white consumption of black music. compton was geographically close to the heart of the nations film and music industry. complex history of compton is often forgotten and instead portrayed a social landscape of crime and gangs. NWA highlighted the worst aspects of Compton thus creating an infamous reputation for the neighborhood. Article talking about this discusses the global reach of the area's reputation with Japanese teens wearing "Compton" snapbacks with "gangster" fonts

Julia

D = situational comedy TV show on NBC in 1968-1971 starring Diahann Carroll and created by Hal Kanter, 7th most popular program during its premier season. was created to show an equal among equals and promote integration, but it failed to portray accurate African American struggles. julia was not a realistic black figure, all of her friends were white; showed no struggles of integration. Showed black woman as well-educated, good mother, positive life, integrated community in Los Angeles, not "overly grateful", could've done better. No husband. C = demonstrates how a TV show is influential in culture and the way characters are portrayed must appease different viewers. Diahann Carroll said it didn't accurately portray her normal life, white people wrote it so it was "white normalcy" caused anger in some black communities, why didn't it represent "street"? Almost seemed like there were two black Americas. The black America on the news, who confronted issues head on. Then black America on television, no violence and no struggle with segregation. Idealized view on how black and whites acted together that was inaccurately depicting reality. Entertainment world is predicated by the idea of an ideal world. In its entertainment its legitimizing, normalizing this universe that is actually non existent.

The Moral Majority

D = started in 1979 in Lynchburg Virginia. leadership by Jerry Falwell, a Baptist pastor. effective religious lobby group that wanted to teach prayers in school, against abortion and homosexuality and for "traditional family values." insisted upon a strict interpretation of the bible. believed AIDS was a curse sent by God to homosexuals C = major accomplishment was propelling conservative candidates like Ronald Reagan to office

I Spy

D = tv show aired in 1965-1968, co-starred Robert Culp and Bill Cosby. Cosby's character was not defined racially/race-neutral so that it could have been played by a white man. C = it was the first national TV drama to feature an African American actor in a non-derogatory leading role.created a false sense of integration; two portrayals of black people in media. Designed to overcome the early images of black people. It Showed male bonding and put both men on equal playing fields. One of the first shows to have a black male in a non derogatory role while whitewashing Bill Cosby's character. Neutralizes idea of racial difference, promoting color blindness

Compton

D = was a predominantly white middle class city in California. most whites resisted integration in 1940s, African Americans benefited from relocation. declined in 1960's because of increased taxes and racial tensions. depicted in the media as violent and filled with crime and gave it a negative reputation C = compton was a beacon of hope for thousands of middle class african americans in the 1970s

"White Flight"

D = white people relocating to white neighborhoods elsewhere as minorities moved into theirs (began 1950s and 1960s, after Brown v. Board of Education when white families resisted integration [Nick says kinda 40s-70s]) Nixon's "Great Silent Majority", a Newsweek poll said ¾ white americans opposed school integration, 90% opposed further neighborhood integ., 98% opposed busing. Silent Majority is white people! Those who don't oppose Vietnam War, "only Americans can humiliate the United States C = this was a direct response to great migration, when millions of Southern African Americans moved to the North. Also showed African Americans increased in socioeconomic mobility, moving into what were often considered "better" neighborhoods. Occurred heavily during Compton's demographic transitions

"Oye Como Va"

D = written by Tito puente in 1963, made famous by Santana in 1970. lyrics contained references of sexual relationships between colonizing spaniards and African women in latin America. puente's version was a mambo, Santana's was rock, he added electric guitar. C = rise of Chicano rock happened simultaneously with Chicano movement; increased emphasis on Chicano rights and creating Chicano identity. Tito Puente to Santana, "Latin" as a construct; formulation of Chicano culture/pan-Latino identity; what's "Latin" about "American" music? Rock as "Latin", Salsa as "American"; one journalist called Chicano "Mexican-American with an attitude"

"Good Times"

D =TV show 1974 to 1979 written and produced by Norman Lear. Wanted to redeem the idea of the domestic worker it was Initially written not to have a husband. But it was the first primetime series to show a black family with both mother and father. Set in Chicago's south side C = More relevant to what was going on with black communities across the country. Talked about real world issues but some of the characters were tied to black stereotypes (jj- and the minstrel stereotype) Represented places of hellhole ghetto into livable situations (Didn't always depict the reality)