Anatomy & Physiology Honors Unit 3 Lesson 1

Where are each of the bones of the cranium? Maxilla:

Upper jaw

Describe and give an example for each types of synovial joints. Saddle:

allows movement in two directions and an example is the carpometacarpal joint in your thumb.

Describe and give an example for each types of synovial joints. Hinge:

bones move in one direction, much like a door on a hinge, and some examples are your elbow, your fingers, and your toes.

Describe and give an example for each types of synovial joints. Gliding:

bones slide over each other to produce movement, like the bones in your wrist and ankle.

The appendicular skeleton consists of the ____ bones that make up the ______ girdle, Upper _______, ______, ________, and Lower _______.

126, shoulder, limbs/arms, pelvis, hip bones, limbs/legs

The axial skeleton consists of the _____bones that make up the skull, ___________ sternum, and ___________.

80, vertebrae, ribs

Describe and give an example for each types of synovial joints. Ball and Socket:

Allows movement in many directions around a central point. A ball and socket joint allows the largest range of motion of any of your joints. The examples, the only two ball and socket joints in your body, are your hip and the shoulder.

Describe and give an example for each types of synovial joints. Condyloid:

Also known as ellipsoidal joint, allows movement in two directions, and some examples are your first knuckle, and the joint between the occipital bone and C1 at the base of your skull and top of your neck.

Where are each of the bones of the cranium? Parietal:

At the top

Where are each of the bones of the cranium? Occipital:

Base of your skull

Where are each of the bones of the cranium? Zygomatic

Cheek bone

Why are there differences between male and female skeleton?

Childbirth! The female pelvis needs to be able to expand to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal during childbirth.

Describe each type of bone and give an example Flat:

Describe each type of bone and give an example Flat bones are thin and, like the name says, flat. These are your sternum, your ribs, your scapula, and some of your cranial bones.

Describe each type of joint Fibrous:

Held together by fibrous connective tissue. These joints are basically immovable, like the sutures in your skull.

What is a joint?

Joints are the places where two bones meet, or the articulation between two bones.

Describe each type of bone and give an example Long:

Long bones are longer than they are wide. These are most of the bones of the limbs (your arms and legs, not the wrist or the ankle), and it is very important to understand that long does not refer to size, but just the shape. The phalanges are actually considered long bones and if you look at your hands and feet, your fingers and your toes are not actually long.

Where are each of the bones of the cranium? Mandible:

Lower jaw

Where are each of the bones of the cranium? Lacrimal, nasal, ethmoid:

Make up the sinus areas of your skull

Where are each of the bones of the cranium? Frontal:

Near the forehead

Where are each of the bones of the cranium? Sphenoid & temporal:

On the side in the picture

What are some of the differences between the male and female skeleton?

Overall the male skeleton tends to be larger and heavier than the female skeleton. The most reliable differences between the male and female skeletons are found in the pelvis. The pelvic inlet, which is that hole in the center of the pelvis, is more circular and open in the female pelvis. At the spot in the front where the two pubic bones meet, in the female pelvis, that angle is larger. The overall shape of the female pelvis is more outwardly flared, and the male pelvis tends to be straight up and down, while being a little bit heart shaped.

Ribs: Pairs 1-7:

Pairs 1-7 are "true" ribs because they connect directly to the sternum through their own piece of costal cartilage.

Ribs: Pairs 11-12:

Pairs 11 and 12 are floating ribs and do not connect to the sternum at all.

Ribs: Pairs 8-10:

Pairs 8-12 are "false" ribs. Pairs 8-10 all connect to each other via costal cartilage and then attach to the sternum together.

List the eight carpals.

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Describe each type of bone and give an example Short:

Short bones are cube shaped, like the tarsals and the carpals.

Describe each type of joint Synovial:

Synovial joints are the spaces between the bones and they contain synovial fluid. Synovial fluid keeps your joints lubricated,much like oil does for your car's engine. These joints are freely movable and they are held together by ligaments. An example of a synovial joint is your knee.

The four bones of the leg are:

The femur, or thigh bone, is the largest bone in the human body. The fibula is the smaller of the two lower leg bones, and the tibia is the large, heavy bone of the lower leg, which we refer to as the shin. The patella is the small sesamoid bone, which creates the knee cap.

What are the functions of the pelvis?

The functions of the pelvic bone are to protect the urinary and excretory organs, provide attachment sites for muscles, and it also creates the acetabulum, which is the hip socket for the head of the femur. The pelvic bone also plays a major role in childbirth, which we will discuss later in this presentation.

Some functions of the skull are:

The functions of the skull are to protect the brain, protect the major sense organs, like your eyes, your nose, your ears, and to provide attachment sites for muscles.

Why does the hand have 14 phalanges?

The hand and wrist together, consist of 27 bones. 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges. Notice that the thumb has one less phalange than the fingers. The thumb has one less phalange than the others, therefore causing it to only have 2, where the other fingers have 3.

How would your life be different if you did not have a skeleton?

The male skull does tend to be heavier and larger than the female skull. The male forehead tends to slope, while female is straight up and down. The male chin tends to be square, while the female chin is pointed. You would not have any support or structure for the bones in our body.

Describe each type of bone and give an example Irregular:

They are called irregular, really because they are "weird" shaped. These would be your vertebrae, your facial bones, and your talus.

Describe each type of joint Cartilaginous:

These are connected by cartilage. These joints are slightly movable, like the joints between your vertebrae.

Describe each type of bone and give an example Sesamoid:

These are small, round bones. They are embedded in a tendon somewhere in your body. The most common and the one that you are probably the most familiar with, is the patella. There is also the pisiform and there is these tiny little small bones within the first and second metacarpal and the first metatarsal, and all of those are considered sesamoid bones.

The spinal column is made of 7 _______ vertebrae, 12 _______ vertebrae, 5 _____ vertebrae, the ________, and _______.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

The skull consists of the 8 ________ bones and 14 ________ bones.

cranial, facial

The _______, which is the upper arm, the ______, which is one of the two bones in the lower arm and is located on the little finger side of the arm, whether your arm is in the prone or supine position, and the _____, which is the second bone of the lower arm.

humerus, ulna, radius

The pelvic bone consists of the:

ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Describe and give an example for each types of synovial joints. Pivot:

rotation around a bone, like the radius and the ulna, and the joint between C1 and C2 in your neck.

Together, the ______ and _____ create a socket for the humerus to attach to the body. The arm consists of three bones:

scapula, clavicle

The _________ is also called the "breast bone." It is made of the ________, ________, and ____________.

sternum, manubrium, the body, xiphoid process

The "joints" that hold the bones together are called _______

sutures

The foot and ankle are made up of 7 _____, 5 ______, and 14 _______.

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

The skeletal system consists of:

the adult human skeleton is made of 206 bones, the joints, which is the places where two bones come together, cartilage, and ligaments, which connect bone to bone.

The functions of the skeletal system are:

to provide support, protection for organs, places for muscles to attach, blood cell formation, and the storage of fat and minerals.