Anatomy & Physiology Test Bank Chapter 1

3) Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because A) physiological functions depend on anatomical structures. B) physiological functions in an organism are ongoing. C) body parts take up space. D) our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy.

A

37) Blood cells are produced in the organs of the ________system. A) endocrine B) skeletal C) respiratory D) muscular

B

38) A parietal layer of a serous membrane ________, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane ________. A) covers organs; lines cavities B) lines cavities; covers organs C) secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus D) secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

B

44) When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? A) The head is facing to the front. B) The palms are facing backward. C) The body is erect. D) The upper limbs are at the sides.

B

8) Which of the following is not true of organelles? A) They carry on specific activities. B) They are only in cells of humans. C) They are composed of aggregates of large molecules. D) They are found in many types of cells.

B

18) Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism? A) Responsiveness B) Movement C) Reproduction D) Respiration

C

10) In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is A) the atom. B) the molecule. C) the macromolecule. D) the cell.

D

15) The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is A) metabolism. B) absorption. C) assimilation. D) excretion.

D

39) Cell death first occurs A) at age 60. B) at age 50. C) at puberty. D) in the fetus

D

62) Reproduction is the change in body characteristics over time.

FALSE

64) Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature.

FALSE

11) Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form A) tissues, which build organs. B) organs, which build tissues. C) organ systems, which build tissues. D) atoms, which comprise tissues.

A

13) Assimilation is A) changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms. B) breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb. C) eliminating waste from the body. D) an increase in body size without a change in overall shape.

A

24) You accidentally cut your hand. Blood platelets in the area begin to attach to the broken blood vessels in the wound. What needs to happen next to create a positive feedback mechanism? A) The platelets change shape to encourage more to rush in and stick to each other to form plugs over the broken vessels. B) The action of platelets sticking to the broken area signals for blood to stop flowing to that area, stopping the bleeding. C) The sensation of pain in your hand causes your muscles to jerk your hand away from the danger. D) The platelets send signals to the brain to slow heart rate and slow the bleeding.

A

33) Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is a condition that occurs when space forms between the lung and the wall of the pleural cavity. This space would be between ________. A) the parietal pleura and visceral pleura B) parietal pleura and the visceral pericardium C) visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium D) parietal pericardium and the parietal pleura

A

4) The activities of an anatomist consist of ________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of ________. A) observing body parts; studying functions of body parts B) conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations C) studying molecules; observing forms of the body parts D) sketching; dissecting

A

49) Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from A) Latin and Greek. B) English and Italian. C) picture drawings on the cave walls of our ancestors. D) the language of hunter-gatherers.

A

2) An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n) A) anatomist. B) physiologist. C) chemist. D) biochemist.

B

26) Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure ________. A) decrease steadily B) remain within certain limited ranges C) increase when the body is stressed D) fluctuate greatly between very high and low values

B

28) Positive feedback mechanisms A) cause long-term changes. B) move conditions away from the normal state. C) bring conditions back to the normal state. D) usually produce stable conditions.

B

29) Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism? A) Maintaining blood pressure B) Uterine contractions during childbirth C) Body temperature control D) Control of blood sugar

B

48) Magnetic resonance imaging uses A) X-rays. B) radio waves. C) radioisotopes. D) high-frequency sound waves.

B

7) The recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine that detect sweetness illustrates that A) chemical responses occur in only one part of the body. B) new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made. C) everything there is to know about anatomy and physiology has been discovered. D) the molecular and cellular levels are of little interest in anatomy and physiology.

B

1) Signs of aging at the cellular level are (Select all that apply) A) graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles. B) unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins. C) impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. D) a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.

B, CC

12) Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n) A) organ system. B) organ. C) tissue. D) molecule.

C

14) The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates A) circulation. B) respiration. C) responsiveness. D) absorption.

C

19) Which of the following processes is most important to the continuation of the human species? A) Responsiveness B) Movement C) Reproduction D) Respiration

C

21) Which of the following is not an example of a negative homeostatic mechanism in the human body? A) Shivering when body temperature falls below normal B) Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls C) Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid D) Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal

C

22) Living organisms use oxygen to ________. A) reduce heat production B) donate electrons for cellular metabolism C) release energy stored in the molecules of food D) remove metabolic wastes

C

25) Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive? A) Nitrogen B) Wastes C) Water D) Carbon dioxide

C

27) In negative feedback mechanisms, changes away from the normal state A) stimulate changes in the same direction. B) inhibit all body reactions. C) stimulate changes in the opposite direction. D) stimulate a reduction in all requirements of the body

C

30) Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce A) changes returning values toward a set point. B) stable conditions around a set point. C) unstable conditions. D) long-term changes.

C

34) Which action is the main function of the digestive system? A) Formation of cells B) Movement of body parts C) Absorption of nutrients D) Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients

C

36) The thoracic cavity lies ________the abdominopelvic cavity. A) dorsal (posterior) to B) ventral (anterior) to C) superior to D) inferior to

C

40) Wrinkled and sagging skin results from A) drinking too much water. B) heredity only. C) loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen. D) excess subcutaneous fat.

C

46) The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is A) anterior. B) proximal. C) superficial. D) superior.

C

47) Ultrasonography is most useful for diagnostic examination of A) dense organs, such as bones. B) air-filled organs, such as lungs. C) soft internal structures, such as fetuses. D) microscopic structures.

C

5) The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to A) the Greek word for "function." B) the name of the first anatomist. C) the Greek word for "cutting up." D) the function of internal organs.

C

16) Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions is correct? A) Responsiveness—obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food B) Assimilation—sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them C) Respiration—changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids D) Circulation—the movement of substances in body fluids

D

17) Metabolism is defined as ________. A) the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions B) the breakdown of substances into simpler forms C) the taking in of nutrients D) all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life

D

20) Homeostasis is the A) inability to keep body weight within normal limits. B) decrease in room temperature because a window is open. C) ingestion of more food than you need to eat. D) tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

D

23) Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires A) positive feedback mechanisms. B) an unstable outside environment. C) decreased atmospheric pressure. D) negative feedback mechanisms.

D

31) Which of the following is true concerning the female reproductive system? A) It produces female sex cells. B) It transports the female sex cells. C) It can support the development of an embryo. D) All of the choices are correct.

D

32) Which of the following diseases would originate in the abdominopelvic cavity? A) Asthma B) Laryngitis C) Myopia (near-sightedness) D) Pancreatitis

D

35) Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system? A) The uterus B) The uterine tube C) The vulva D) The bulbourethral gland

D

41) One characteristic that centenarians share is A) a high level of exercise throughout life. B) long-lived relatives. C) following the Mediterranean diet. D) never having smoked.

D

42) A body has been sectioned in such a way that there is one whole lung per section and the urinary bladder has been split in half. What type of section is this? A) Frontal B) Transverse C) Coronal D) Sagittal

D

43) The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the ________ region. A) hypochondriac B) iliac C) hypogastric D) epigastric

D

6) The term "physiology" is related to A) the Latin for "physical shape." B) the structure of internal organs. C) the Greek for "cutting up." D) the Greek for "relationship to nature."

D

9) Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? A) Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems B) Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems C) Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues D) Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

D

53) Cadaver dissection is against the law in the United States.

FALSE

55) We know all there is to know about the structure and function of the human body.

FALSE

56) Cells with similar functions aggregate into organelles.

FALSE

61) Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide.

FALSE

63) Oxygen is the primary raw material for new living material.

FALSE

65) Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of an unstable internal environment.

FALSE

68) The parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart.

FALSE

70) Kidneys are part of the lymphatic system.

FALSE

72) The digestive system filters wastes from the blood.

FALSE

73) The parietal pleura is a visceral membrane.

FALSE

75) Chromosomes get longer as a cell ages.

FALSE

78) The elbow is distal to the wrist.

FALSE

79) The anatomical position is lying down, as a cadaver would be positioned.

FALSE

80) The following list accurately represents levels of organization in the body from smallest to largest: nucleus → chromosome → liver cell→ liver epithelial tissue → liver→ digestive system

FALSE

82) An elderly person would be less vulnerable to emerging influenzas and other seasonal viruses due to increased cell efficiency and heightened cell division.

FALSE

84) A researcher has questions about the structure of the mesentery, a tissue connecting the intestines to the wall of the abdominal cavity. They begin researching its location, components, and its specific structures. This researcher is studying the physiology of the organ.

FALSE

45) Paired organs that are bilateral on the left-right plane of the body would be separated by a sagittal section.

TRUE

50) The transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle greatly changed the types of diseases and injuries that early peoples suffered.

TRUE

51) Patterns of growth in preserved bones and tooth decay reflect the health of the people of which they were a part.

TRUE

52) The field of medicine arose as early healers abandoned superstition and ideas about magic and started using natural chemicals and wondering why they were effective at treating illness.

TRUE

54) The anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology.

TRUE

57) Macromolecules are built of atoms.

TRUE

58) Organ systems consist of organs, which consist of tissues.

TRUE

59) A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.

TRUE

60) The chemical reaction of blood oxygenation is an example of a metabolic process.

TRUE

66) The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis.

TRUE

67) The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities.

TRUE

69) The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems.

TRUE

71) The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat.

TRUE

74) Aging begins in the fetus.

TRUE

76) Ceroid pigments and lipofuscin accumulate with aging, impairing a cell's ability to withstand the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals.

TRUE

77) The ears are lateral to the eyes.

TRUE

81) The head is superior to the neck.

TRUE

83) A researcher has questions about the functions of the greater omentum, an organ found in the abdominal cavity. They begin researching its various functions. This researcher is studying the physiology of the organ.

TRUE