Anatomy Chapter 7

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The quadriceps are a group of anterior thigh muscles that include the ______ muscles

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

Resting tension in a skeletal muscle is called

Tone

The muscles that inserts on the acromion process and scapular spine is the

Trapezius muscle

Of the following selections, the one that includes muscles that move the shoulder girdle is the

Trapezius, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, and subclavius

The muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the

Urogenital and anal triangle

The muscle that originates along the entire length of the linea aspera of the femur is the

Vastus medialis

Athletes training to develop anaerobic endurance perform

Frequent, brief, intensive workouts

The origin of the frontalis muscle is the

Galea aponeuotica

______ exercise requires oxygen and is of ______ duration than ______ exercise

Aerobic, longer, anaerobic

Mitochondrial activity are relatively efficient, but their rate of ATP generation is limited by the

Availability of oxygen

The primary energy reserve in muscle tissue is

Creation of phosphate

The names of muscle of the tongue are readily identified because their descriptive name ends in

Glossus

The muscle that inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur is the

Gluteus maximus

A muscle producing peak tension during rapid cycle of contraction and relaxation is said to be in __________ tetany

Incomplete

The process of recruitment is the smooth but steady increase in muscle tension produced by

Increasing the number of active motor units

Two of the muscles comprising the rotator cuff are the

Infraspinatus and teres major

The thick filaments of a sarcomere consists of

Myosin

The amount of oxygen used in the recovery period to restore normal pre-exertion conditions is referred to as the

Oxygen debt

Bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles make up the connective tissue fibers of

Perimysium

The layer of connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

Perimysium

Fast fibers are the type of muscle fibers that

Produce powerful contractions but fatigue rapidly

The muscles that arise on the humerus and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing flexion or extension of the elbow are the

Pronator teres and supinator

During anaerobic glycolysis

Pyruvic acid is produced

The iliac crest is the origin of the

Quadratus Lumborum

In an isometric contraction, the

tension produced never exceeds resistance and the length of muscle remains constant

In isotonic contraction, the

tension rises and skeletal muscle's length changes

The length of time a muscle can continue to contract while supported by mitochondrial activities is referred to as

Aerobic Endurance

From the following selections, choose the one that includes only muscle of facial expressions

1. Buccinator 2. Orbicularis Oris 3. Risorius 4. Frontalis

The superficial muscles of the spine are identified by subdivisions that include

1. Iliocostalis 2. Longissimus 3. Spinalis

The axial musculature consists of

1. Muscles of the head and neck 2. Muscles of the spine and pelvic floor 3. Muscles of the trunk

An example of an activity that requires anaerobic endurance is

50- yard dash

A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by

Aerobic respiration

When muscles are actively contracting, the process requires large amounts of energy in the form of

ATP

The neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles that initiate an action potential in the sarcolemma is

Acetylcholine

Skeletal muscle fiber contraction begins when

Acetylcholine is released into neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on sarcolemma

The thin filaments of sarcomere consists of

Actin, tropomyosin, troponin

Slow fibers are the type of muscle fibers that contain

An extensive network of capillaries The red pigment of myoglobin A relatively large number of mitochondria

Tendons are bundles of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that

Attach muscle to bone

Active sites on the actin become available for binding when

Calcium binds to troponin

The presence of intercalated discs is a characteristic unique to

Cardiac muscle cells

A muscle that inserts on the body of the mandible is probably involved in

Chewing

The dense layer of the collagen fibers that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the

Epimysium

From the following selections, choose the one that includes the muscles that move the upper arm

Deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major

The three layers of connective tissue comprising each muscle are

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna act to

Extend the forearm

When the gluteus maximus contracts it

Extends the thigh backwards

In humans, slow fibers are not found in the muscles of the

Eyes and hands

When energy reserves in a muscle are exhausted or lactic acid increase,

Fatigue occurs

During a specific action, the insertion is the

More movable end of a muscle

The smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber is the

Sarcomere

In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, calcium ions are

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

The hamstrings are a group of posterior thigh muscles that include the ______ muscles

Semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus

A twitch is the type of contraction represented by

Single stimulus- contraction- relaxation sequence

The type of muscle tissue that lacks myofibrils, sarcomeres, and striations is

Smooth muscle tissue

The type of muscle cells that contract either automatically or in response to environmental or hormonal stimulations are

Smooth muscles tissue

The endomysium is the layer of connective tissues that

Surrounds each skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together

The command to contract is distributed throughout a muscle fiber by the

T tubules

The final step involved in skeletal muscle contraction is

The muscle cell relaxes and returns passively to its resting length

Thin filaments at either end of the sarcomere are attached to interconnecting filaments that make up the

Z lines


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