Anatomy Chapter 7
The quadriceps are a group of anterior thigh muscles that include the ______ muscles
Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
Resting tension in a skeletal muscle is called
Tone
The muscles that inserts on the acromion process and scapular spine is the
Trapezius muscle
Of the following selections, the one that includes muscles that move the shoulder girdle is the
Trapezius, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, and subclavius
The muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the
Urogenital and anal triangle
The muscle that originates along the entire length of the linea aspera of the femur is the
Vastus medialis
Athletes training to develop anaerobic endurance perform
Frequent, brief, intensive workouts
The origin of the frontalis muscle is the
Galea aponeuotica
______ exercise requires oxygen and is of ______ duration than ______ exercise
Aerobic, longer, anaerobic
Mitochondrial activity are relatively efficient, but their rate of ATP generation is limited by the
Availability of oxygen
The primary energy reserve in muscle tissue is
Creation of phosphate
The names of muscle of the tongue are readily identified because their descriptive name ends in
Glossus
The muscle that inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur is the
Gluteus maximus
A muscle producing peak tension during rapid cycle of contraction and relaxation is said to be in __________ tetany
Incomplete
The process of recruitment is the smooth but steady increase in muscle tension produced by
Increasing the number of active motor units
Two of the muscles comprising the rotator cuff are the
Infraspinatus and teres major
The thick filaments of a sarcomere consists of
Myosin
The amount of oxygen used in the recovery period to restore normal pre-exertion conditions is referred to as the
Oxygen debt
Bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles make up the connective tissue fibers of
Perimysium
The layer of connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves is the
Perimysium
Fast fibers are the type of muscle fibers that
Produce powerful contractions but fatigue rapidly
The muscles that arise on the humerus and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing flexion or extension of the elbow are the
Pronator teres and supinator
During anaerobic glycolysis
Pyruvic acid is produced
The iliac crest is the origin of the
Quadratus Lumborum
In an isometric contraction, the
tension produced never exceeds resistance and the length of muscle remains constant
In isotonic contraction, the
tension rises and skeletal muscle's length changes
The length of time a muscle can continue to contract while supported by mitochondrial activities is referred to as
Aerobic Endurance
From the following selections, choose the one that includes only muscle of facial expressions
1. Buccinator 2. Orbicularis Oris 3. Risorius 4. Frontalis
The superficial muscles of the spine are identified by subdivisions that include
1. Iliocostalis 2. Longissimus 3. Spinalis
The axial musculature consists of
1. Muscles of the head and neck 2. Muscles of the spine and pelvic floor 3. Muscles of the trunk
An example of an activity that requires anaerobic endurance is
50- yard dash
A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by
Aerobic respiration
When muscles are actively contracting, the process requires large amounts of energy in the form of
ATP
The neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles that initiate an action potential in the sarcolemma is
Acetylcholine
Skeletal muscle fiber contraction begins when
Acetylcholine is released into neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on sarcolemma
The thin filaments of sarcomere consists of
Actin, tropomyosin, troponin
Slow fibers are the type of muscle fibers that contain
An extensive network of capillaries The red pigment of myoglobin A relatively large number of mitochondria
Tendons are bundles of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that
Attach muscle to bone
Active sites on the actin become available for binding when
Calcium binds to troponin
The presence of intercalated discs is a characteristic unique to
Cardiac muscle cells
A muscle that inserts on the body of the mandible is probably involved in
Chewing
The dense layer of the collagen fibers that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
Epimysium
From the following selections, choose the one that includes the muscles that move the upper arm
Deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major
The three layers of connective tissue comprising each muscle are
Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna act to
Extend the forearm
When the gluteus maximus contracts it
Extends the thigh backwards
In humans, slow fibers are not found in the muscles of the
Eyes and hands
When energy reserves in a muscle are exhausted or lactic acid increase,
Fatigue occurs
During a specific action, the insertion is the
More movable end of a muscle
The smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber is the
Sarcomere
In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, calcium ions are
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
The hamstrings are a group of posterior thigh muscles that include the ______ muscles
Semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus
A twitch is the type of contraction represented by
Single stimulus- contraction- relaxation sequence
The type of muscle tissue that lacks myofibrils, sarcomeres, and striations is
Smooth muscle tissue
The type of muscle cells that contract either automatically or in response to environmental or hormonal stimulations are
Smooth muscles tissue
The endomysium is the layer of connective tissues that
Surrounds each skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together
The command to contract is distributed throughout a muscle fiber by the
T tubules
The final step involved in skeletal muscle contraction is
The muscle cell relaxes and returns passively to its resting length
Thin filaments at either end of the sarcomere are attached to interconnecting filaments that make up the
Z lines