Anatomy exam 2

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

what is involved in the reciprocal apparatus

SDF and peroneus tertius

where would you place the needle to perform a nerve block for pain associated with the plantar fetlock and proximal sesamoid bones?

a couple inches proximal to the fetlock joint over the DDF tendon at about the level of the buttons of the splint bones

what ligament prevents lateral kicking of the horse?

accessory ligament of the head of the femur

Damage to the femoral nerve would cause what?

animal to be unable to extend or "fix" the stifle joint highly reduced ability to flex the hip as well

where would you place the needle to perform a nerve block for pain associated with the suspensory ligament?

at the level of the distal tarsal joint and plantarly, just to either side of the DDF tendon

where would you place the needle to perform a nerve block for pain associated with the dorsal aspect of the fetlock?

at the level of the distal tip end of the splint bones

where can you see the tibial nerve?

between 2 heads of gastrocnemius running deep to calcanean tendon

Equine pt presents with mild lameness of the left hindlimb. Upon physical examination, you notice that there is what appears to be some swelling or enlargement at the hock joint on the medial side, under the cunean tendon. Radiographs reveal that the pt has some signs of arthritis in that joint. What is the name of this clinical condition, and what are you going to recommend to the owners as treatment?

bone spavin; cunean tenectomy (relieves clinical signs, does not fix the problem)

the cranial tibial artery runs with what nerve

branch of deep fibular nerve

what artery supplies the hamstring muscles?

caudal femoral artery

lateral saphenous vein empties directly into

caudal femoral vein

the caudal femoral artery runs along with what vein

caudal femoral vein

caudal gluteal artery runs with

caudal gluteal nerve

which tarsal bones are fused in ruminants?

central tarsal bone and 4th tarsal bone tarsal bones 2 +3

what nourishes the stratum medium

coronary corium

popliteal artery terminates as

cranial and caudal tibial artery

cranial gluteal artery runs with

cranial gluteal nerve

dorsal pedal artery is the continuation of

cranial tibial artery

which ligaments of the stifle joint function to limit craniocaudal movement of the femur and tibia

cruciate ligaments

medial branch of the tendon of insertion of the tibialis cranialis

cunean tendon

name the artery located between the large metatarsal and lateral splint bone

dorsal metatarsal artery III

what is the main supplier of blood to the pelvic limb digits in the horse

dorsal metatarsal artery III

what is the terminal branch of the femoral artery in ruminants?

dorsal pedal artery

which part of the hoof is non-vascular and non-neural?

epidermis

in general, all gluteal muscles have what action?

extend and abduct the hip joint

in general, what is the action of the craniolateral muscles of the distal hindlimb?

extend digits flex hock

what would occur with damage to the obturator nerve

failure to adequately adduct affected limb, especially noticeable on slippery surfaces

after the external iliac artery gives off the branch of the deep femoral artery, what does it continue as?

femoral artery

what innervates the quadriceps femoris?

femoral nerve

What causes the hip joint to not flex with the body weight of the horse when standing

fixation of the stifle joint

in general, what is the action of the caudal muscles of the distal hindlimb?

flex digits extend hock

the obturator nerve supplies what general group of muscles?

hip adductors

the suspensory apparatus of the fetlock joint serves to:

hold up the fetlock so it doesn't drop to the ground

proximal retinaculum does what

holds the extensor tendons down

What part of the hoof is the hardest part?

hoof wall

What is the major hip flexor muscle?

iliopsoas

where do you find the short digital extensor muscle?

in the "v" between the long and lateral digital extensor mm.

what muscles are considered "outward rotators" of the hip joint

internal obturator gemelli quadratus femoris external obturator

what muscle of the hip is absent in ruminants?

internal obturator m.

what replaces the internal obturator m. in ruminants?

intrapelvic part of external obturator

what would rupture of the peroneus tertius cause

it would allow for the horse to extend the hock while the stifle is flexed

what is the "sensitive lamina"

laminar corium

what nourishes the stratum internum

laminar corium

what artery supplies the quadriceps femoris m.?

lateral circumflex femoral a.

what nerve runs with the dorsal metatarsal artery III

lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve

what two nerves join to form the lateral dorsal digital nerve?

lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve + lateral plantar metatarsal nerve

what structures course through the tarsal canal

lateral head of DDF tibialis caudalis medial and lateral plantar nn.

the os malleolare bone in ruminants is equivalent to what in horses?

lateral malleolus of the fibula

the meniscofemoral ligament connects the intercondylar fossa of the femur to what?

lateral meniscus

distal retinaculum holds down what structures

long and lateral digital extensor muscle tendons

Which extensor muscle attaches to both digits of the ruminant?

long digital extensor

what originates at the extensor fossa of the femur in the horse

long digital extensor and peroneus tertius

dorsal metatarsal artery III branches into

medial and lateral plantar digital arteries

the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve branches into _____________ at the level of ________________

medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves; buttons of the splints

tibial nerve branches into:

medial and lateral plantar nerves

what artery supplies the obturator/adduction muscles

medial circumflex femoral artery

deep fibular nerve branches further into:

medial dorsal metatarsal nerve lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve

What treatment would you recommend for a horse that presented to you with straight legged conformation that you diagnosed with upward fixation of the patella? Why would it work?

medial patellar desmotomy; the ligament lengthens as it heals

what connective tissues make up the osteoligamentous loop?

medial patellar ligament med. parapatellar fibrocartilage middle patellar ligament

VAN in the distal hindlimb of horse

medial plantar digital a., v., n. lateral plantar digital a., v., n.

what two nerves join to form the medial dorsal digital nerve

medial plantar metatarsal nerve + medial dorsal metatarsal nerve

which ridge is larger on the distal end of the femur bone in horses?

medial ridge

where would you place the needle to perform a nerve block for pain associated with the navicular bone?

mid-pastern level over the plantar digital nerves, in the groove between the long pastern bone and the digital flexor tendons

what is unique about the distal extremity of the equine tibia?

oblique angles

what is responsible for "fixing" the stifle joint

osteoligamentous loop

common fibular nerve runs

over the lateral head of the gastrocnemius

what nourishes the stratum externum

perioplic corium

what flexor of the hock is absent in horses but present in ruminants?

peroneus longus

Pt (equine) presents with swelling along the distal, plantar aspect of the hock after running into a fence post the day prior that caused no superficial damage. Due to the location of the swelling and the history, what do you think is the source of the issue? Also, what is this condition called?

plantar tarsal ligament; curb

What is different about the check ligaments of the pelvic limb?

proximal check ligament is actually just the SDF tendinous attachment to the calcaneal tuber distal check ligament is not always present in every horse.

what is the main part of the stay apparatus in the hind limb at the level of the hock joint

reciprocal apparatus

where can you find the cranial gluteal artery?

running between middle and deep gluteal muscles

Where do you see the SDF muscle in the pelvic limb?

sandwiched between the two heads of the gastrocnemius

what artery runs with the saphenous nerve and medial saphenous vein?

saphenous artery

cranial and caudal borders of the vascular lacuna

sartorius m. pectineus m.

what nerve innervates the hamstring muscles in equines?

sciatic nerve + caudal gluteal nerve

what part of the hoof wall is specialized to bear weight?

sole border

three parts of the hoof wall

stratum externum stratum medium stratum internum

what is the "insensitive lamina"

stratum internum

Horse presents with severe hyperflexion of the tarsus that will occasionally hit the ventral aspect of the abdomen. What is this condition called and what do you recommend as treatment to the owners?

stringhalt; removal of the portion of the lateral digital extensor tendon that crosses over the tarsal joint through the lateral collateral ligament

superficial capped hock is caused by

subcutaneous calcaneal bursitis

deep capped hock caused by

subtendinous calcaneal bursitis

common fibular nerve branches into what

superficial and deep fibular nerves

What two muscles of the hip are combined in ruminants?

superficial gluteal and biceps femoris GLUTEOBICEPS M.

what does the caudal gluteal nerve supply in the horse?

superficial gluteal muscle and vertebral heads of hamstring in the horse

which tarsal bones are fused in equine?

tarsal bones 1+2

what produces the white line of the hoof

terminal papilla

what is the intertrochanteric crest located between in the horse?

the greater and 3rd trochanter of the femur

what is the intertrochanteric crest located between in the bovine?

the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur

what bone is the medial malleolus located on?

tibia

In general, what nerve innervates the plantar surface of the distal hindlimb?

tibial nerve

Dorsal surface of the foot in the horse is innervated by

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

all 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris insert on the ___________ via the ____________

tibial tuberosity patellar ligament

In the horse, the peroneus tertius is

totally fibrous

Pt presents with straightening of the tarsus and knuckling over on dorsal surface of digits. What nerve do you suspect is damaged?

Common peroneal

middle retinaculum does what

forms a loop surrounding the long digital extensor muscle tendon that attaches to the calcaneus

which part of the hoof is the first part to touch the ground in a healthy foot?

frog

what muscles make up the common calcanean tendon?

gastrocnemius SDF biceps femoris semitendinosus gracilis

shortly after separating into medial and lateral plantar nerves, the lateral plantar nerve does what?

gives off deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

medial and lateral plantar nerves does what at the level of the fetlock joint?

gives off dorsal branch, then continues as medial/lateral plantar digital nerve


Set pelajaran terkait

Marketing 1200: CH 10: Approaching the Customer with Adaptive Selling

View Set

Market Motive Mobile Marketing Practitioner

View Set

Technical Support Fundamentals: Week 1. How to Count in Binary

View Set

Ch 12: Drug Therapy: Immunizations

View Set