Anatomy Final Exam Questions
Function of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament?
-Anterior cruciate- limits backward slipping of femur on tibia and resists attempts to pull leg forward (anterior drawer sign). Prevents hyperextension of knee joint -Posterior cruciate ligament- limits forward slipping of femur on the tibia and resists attempts to push lef backward on the knee (posterior drawer sign). Prevents hyperflexion of knee joint
What is the action of the Abductor digiti muscle?
1. abducts the little toe 2. assists in flexing little toe
What are the two nerves that supply the extensor digitorum brevis muscle?
1. deep peroneal nerve 2. accessory peroneal nerve ( off the superficial peroneal nerve
What is the action of the abductor hallucis muscle?
1. flexes the big toe 2. abducts the big toe
What is the action on the flexor digitorum brevis muscle?
1. flexes the proximal and middle phalanges on the four lateral toes at the proximal interphalangeal joint
What two muscles insert on the medial sesamoid bone?
1. flexor hallucis brevis 2. abductor hallucis
What is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi muscle?
1. lateral and medial processes of the calcaneus 2. calcanei fascia 3. adjacent intermuscular septum
What is the origin of the lateral head of the Quadratus Plantae muscle?
1. lateral border of the plantar surface of the calcaneus 2. lateral border of the long plantar ligament
What is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi muscle?
1. lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the little toe 2. fibers of plantar of the muscle are usually inserted on the 5th metatarsal and may form the abductor ossis metatarsi quinti muscle
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum brevis muscle?
1. medial process of the tuber calcanei 2. plantar aponerosis 3. adjacent intermuscular septum
What is the origin of the Abductor Hallucis muscle?
1. medial process of the tuber calcanei 2. plantar aponeurosis 3. intermuscular septum
What is the insertion of the abductor hallucis muscle?
1. medial sesamoid 2. base of proximal phalanx of big toe 3. in common with the medial head of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle
What is the origin of the Medial head of the Quadratus Plantae muscle?
1. medial surface of the calcaneus 2. medial border of the long plantar ligament
What are the muscles that insert on the 5th metatarsal thus far?
1. peroneus brevis 2. peroneus tertius 3. abductor digiti minimi
What is the action of the Quadratus plantae muscle?
1. straight pull from the heel to the obliquely placed flexor tendon 2. flexes the terminal plalanges of the lateral four toes
What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle?
1. tendon splits into four parts for the lateral four toes 2. each split splits again before it inserts into the middle phalanx 3. the flexor digitorum longus tendon is located between the two splits on its way into the distal phalanx 4. equivalent to the flexor digitorum profundus muscle on upper limb
How many branches does the dorsal cutaneous nerve give?
3 Digit branch 1,2,3
In what layer is the flexor hallucis brevis muscle in?
3rd layer
How many digital branches are derived from the intermediate branch of the superficial peroneal nerve?
4
How many branches does the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve give
4 branches on either side of the 3,4,5 Dorsal digital branch to adjacent sides of 3rd and 4th toes Dorsal digital branches for the adjacent sides of the 4th and 5th toes
Which of the following faciliatate venous return from the lower extremity to the right atrium? A. Crucia fascia B. valves C. muscular action D. venous comitans
A. Crucia fascia B. valves C. muscular action D. venous comitans
Which of the following is a content of the superior tibial fibular opening? A. Tibial Artery B. Anterior Tibial Artery and Vein C. Peroneal Vein
B. Anterior Tibial Artery and Vein
Where would you drain fluid? A. Posterior compartment of the popliteal B. In the vastus lateralis C. vastus medialis
B. In the vastus lateralis
Which of the following muscle inserts in the soleal line. A. Gastrocnemias B. Semi-Membranous C. Soleus
B. Semi-Membranous
The level of the knee joint is indicated by? A. The Intracondyle eminence when leg is extended B. The Apex of the patella when leg is flexed C. The Medial and Lateral Superior Condyle of the Tibia.
B. The Apex of the patella when leg is flexed
All the following muscles are evertors of the foot except? A. Peroneus tert B. Tibilis anterior C. Extensor digitorum D. longus E. peroneus longus F. Peroneus brevis
B. Tibilis anterior
Which of the following muscles does Not act on 2 joints: A. sartorius B. adductor longus C.rectus femoris D. long head of biceps femoris
B. adductor longus
In the clinical testing of the cruciate ligaments is which of the following statement is false A. The ACL Limits the hyper extension of the knee B. The PCL limits the backward flipping of the femur on the tibia
B. the post ligament cruciate limits the backward flipping of the femur on the tibia
All the following muscles are located in the 1st layer of the plantar surface of the foot except? A. abductor hallucis B. abductor digiti minimi C. Adductor hallucis D. flexor digitorum brevis,
C. Adductor hallucis
All the following structures give support and stability to the lateral meniscus except? A. The Tibia Collateral Ligament B. The Transverse Genicular C. Fibular collateral ligament
C. Fibular collateral ligament
The common root value of all the nerves that supply the hip joint is? A. L5 B. L8 C. L4
C. L4
The superficial peroneal nerve supplies all the following except: A. Peroneus Longus B. Peroneus Brevis C. Peroneus tertieus
C. Peroneus tertieus
The important unlocking action reflection of the knee joint is performed by which muscle? A. Plantaris B. Vastus Medialis C. Popliteus
C. Popliteus
Which muscle orginate in the anterior inferior iliac spine? A. Sartorius B. Semi-membranosus C. Rectis femoris
C. Rectis femoris
Fascia of the popliteal muscle is derived from? A. Sartorius B. Semi-tendinosus C. Semi-membranous
C. Semi-membranous
The deep peroneal nerve is located in A. The lateral compartment of the leg B. The posterior compartment of the leg C. The anterior compartment of the leg
C. The anterior compartment of the leg
Which of the following pair are incorrectly matched? A. Peroneus tertius & deep peroneal nerve B. Extensor hallucis longus & deep peroneal nerve C. Tibalis Anterior & deep peroneal nerve D. Extensor digitorum longus & superficial peroneal nerve
D. Extensor digitorum longus & superficial peroneal nerve
Which of the following is the smallest of the 7 tarsal bones? A. Calcaneus B. Cuboid C. Talus D. Intermediate Cuneiform
D. Intermediate Cuneiform
What is the insertion of the Quadratus Plantae muscle?
Deep surface of the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus where it divides
The metatarsalphalengeal joint is a
Ellipsoidal joint
The following contribute to the formation of the Extensor Expansion hood
Extensor digitorum longus m. Extensor digitorum brevis m. Lumbricals m. Plantar and dorsal interossei m. Deep transverse metatarsal ligament. *The more proximal part of the hood / sheath is called the Sling. Its fibers are arranged in a transverse orientation to encircle the capsule of the metatarsophalangeal joint. The interossei contribute to the Sling formation. So, the Interossei will not contribute to the formation of the extensor wing!
The peroneal trochlear is 2-3 cm below the tip of the medial malleous? T/F
False
Name the 3rd layer muscles of the foot:
Flexor Hallucis Brevis Adductor Hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis
The navicular and 2nd and 3rd cuneiforms. All are diarthrosis = synoial joints. pg 26
Gliding joint
What is the blood supply to the Quadratus plantae muscle?
Lateral plantar artery
What is the blood supply?
Lateral plantar artery
What is the nerve supply to the abductor digiti muscle?
Lateral plantar nerve
The formation of the Extensor wing
Lumbricles m. Extensor digitorum longus m. Brevis tendons. * The more distal part of the extensor hood has obliquely oriented fibers that form the extensor wing on both sides of each toes.
What is the blood supply to the abductor hallucis muscle?
Medial plantar artery
What is the blood supply to the flexor digitorum brevis muscle?
Medial plantar artery
What is the nerve supply to the flexor digitorum bevis muscle?
Medial plantar nerve
If section the superficial peroneal nerve were to happen what are the effects?
No foot drop Eversion is lost. Sensation is impaired / lost on the dorsum of the foot and lateral aspect of the lower leg.
Does the quadratus plantae muscle go to the toes?
No it inserts in the Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Are the interossei found only on the plantar surface?
No they are also found on the dorsal surface
Are the terms abduction and adduction in reference to the body in the foot?
No, they are in reference to the middle toe, so a abduction refers to a mvmt of the big toe away from the 2nd toe towards the body
These muscles originate from the Sheath of the peroneus longus muscle
Oblique head of the adductor hallucis Flexor Digiti minimi brevis *This muscle inserts on this sheath: Tibialis posterior. Pg 89
Where do you find the knee jerk?
Patella Tendon
Which muscles have dual nerve supply?
Pectineus: femoral & Obturator. Adductor Magnus: Tibial & Post Tib. Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Deep Peroneal & Accessory Deep Peroneal. 1st Dorsal interossei: Lateral Plantar & Deep Peroneal. *All other Dorsal interossei are innervated by the Lateral plantar nerve.
What muscle usually inserts with the tibialis anterior?
Peroneus Longus
. Which of the following inserts on the base of the 4th met?
Peroneus tert (also 5th met) Tibialis Post.
Name the 2nd layer muscles of the foot?
Quadratus Plantae Lumbricals Tendon of the flexor hallucis Longus Tendon of the flexor digitorum longus
The calcaneocuboid is a ________ joint.
Saddle joint (these 2 bones are connected by a bifurcate ligament. )
Tributaries of the great saphenous vein
Superficial epigastric vein Lat accessory saphenous v. Med accessor saphenous v. External pudendal vein Superficial circumflex iliac vein Small saphenous (sometimes) v.
Each of the following supplies the knee joint except: Femoral N. Tibial N. Common Peroneal N. Saphenous N. Obturator N. Sural N.
Sural N.
What is the Nerve supply to the heel?
Sural nerve Post Tib. Nerve Post Femoral cutaneas
What is it when the Tibial nerve gets trapped under the Flexor retinaculum and causes pain on the Medial side of the heel.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
What muscle does the abductor hallucis muscle insert in common with on the medial sesamoid bone?
The Flexor Hallucis brevis muscle
The lateral compartment of the leg is found between the anterior and posterior intermuscular septum? T/F
True
Muscle that insert into the intertrochanteric line
Vastus medialis Vastus Lateralis
The Peroneus tertius inserts in the?
base of the 4th and 5th met's
What kind of joint is the Lower or distal end Tib/Fib syndesmosis
fibrous joint
What kind of joint is the Ankle (talocrural) joint
hinge joint
The Plantar arch is formed by the
lateral plantar artery and is in between the 3rd and 4th layers of the plantar surface of the foot.
What is the nerve supply to the Quadratus Plantae muscle?
lateral plantar nerve
What is the nerve supply to the abductor hallucis muscle?
medial plantar nerve
1. To illicit a knee jerk reaction which of the following is tapped
patellar ligament
What kind of joint is the Caneocuboid joint
plane joint
What kind of joint is the Cuneonavicular joint
plane joint
What kind of joiong is the Tib/Fib joint, superior or proximal end
plane joint.
What kind of joint is the Intercuneiform joints
plant joints, which are united by short plantar dorsal and interossei ligaments. The gliding movements allow the foot to spread out.
The Peroneus brevis inserts in the?
tuberosity of the 5th met
Which of the following form an anastomis around the knee joint? (pg. 77) A. Descending branch of lateral circumflex B. circumflex fibular arter C. anterior recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery D. Medial Genicular
A. Descending branch of lateral B. circumflex circumflex fibular arter C. anterior recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery
The posterior neurovascular bundle under the ankle is located between is A. Flexor digitorum longus B. Flexor hallus longus C. Tibalis Anterior D. Peroneus Longus
A. Flexor digitorum longus B. Flexor hallus longus
Which of the following muscles orginate at the shaft of the fibula? A. Flexor hallucis longus B. extensor digitorum longus C. extensor hallucis longus D. Peroneus tertius
A. Flexor hallucis longus B. extensor digitorum longus C. extensor hallucis longus D. Peroneus tertius
Which of the following muscles are supplied by peroneal artery? A. Flexor hallus longus B. Tibilas posterior C. Soleus D. Peroneus Longus E. Peroneus Brevis
A. Flexor hallus longus B. Tibilas posterior C. Soleus D. Peroneus Longus E. Peroneus Brevis
The iliotibial tract inserts A. McGerdys Turbicle B. Lateral Intercondyle C. Medial Intercondyle
A. McGerdys Turbicle
Which of the following is a content of adductor canal? A. Nerve to vastus medialis muscle B. saphenous nerve C. Femoral Artery and Vein D. Femoral N.
A. Nerve to vastus medialis muscle B. saphenous nerve C. Femoral Artery and Vein D. Femoral N.
A slipped disc of L4 & L5 will affect all of the following nerve except A. Obturator nerve B. superior & inferior gluteal C. nerve to quadratus D. nerve to the obturator internus
A. Obturator nerve
Which of the following muscle is most super lateral at its origin muscle A. Plantaris B. Gastrocnemius
A. Plantaris
Which of the following structures attaches to the lateral leminsicus? A. Popliteus muscle B. Lateral Collateral Ligament C. Anterior menisciofemoral ligament
A. Popliteus muscle C. Anterior menisciofemoral ligament
Each of the following is a name of a genicular branch of the popliteal artery except A. Sural B. lateral superior C. medial superior D. lateral inferior E. middle
A. Sural
Which of the following nerves are cutaneous to the heal A. Sural B. posterior femoral cutaneous C. Saphenous D. posterior tibial
A. Sural B. posterior femoral cutaneous D. posterior tibial
Which of the following muscles insert in 1st metatarsal? A. Tibialis anterior B. Peroneus Longus C. Peroneaus Brevis D. Tibialis Posterior
A. Tibialis anterior B. Peroneus Longus
All the following are flexors of the foot of the ankle EXCEPT? A. Tibilias Anterior B. Flexor Hallucis Longus
A. Tibilias anterior (its an inverter of the foot)
Which of the following muscles inserts base of 4th metatarsal A. Tibilias posterior B. Tibilias anterior C. Extensor Halluicus Longus D. Peroneus tertius
A. Tibilias posterior D. Peroneus tertius
Which of the following muscles orginates from the intertrochanteric line? A. Vastus medialis B. Piriformis C. Vastus Intermedis D. Vastus lateralis
A. Vastus medialis D. Vastus lateralis
All the following muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle? A. adductor longus, pectineus, iliopsoas B. adductor magnus, vastus medialis C. sartorius, gracilus
A. adductor longus, pectineus, iliopsoas form the floor
Which of the following muscles contribute to the pes anserine? A. gracilis B. semi-tendinosus C. sartorius D. Semi-Membranosus
A. gracilis B. semi-tendinosus C. sartorius
Which of the three are the y shaped ligaments? A. illiofemoral B. Arcuiate C. Inferior Extensor Retinaculum D. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
A. illiofemoral B. Arcuiate C. Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
List Muscles that insert on the base of the 5th met?
Abductor digiti minimi Peroneus tert Flexor digiti minimi brevis Peroneus brevis
Name the 1st layer muscles of the foot: (Plantar muscles)
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi *Medial plantar nerve begins under the flexor retinaculum, deep to the Abductor hallucis. In between the Abductor hallucis and FDB.
Which of the following originates from the base of the 4th met?
Adductor hallucis - Oblique head & 2nd, 3rd. Transverse head from capsules of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th met's
What separates the lateral compartment of the leg?
Ant & Post intermuscular septum
A poor tendo calcaneal jerk reflex suggests damage to spinal cord at L5,S1, S2? T/F
True
