anatomy heart test
Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall?
active transport using proteins and ATP
Which of the following promotes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure?
alcohol
Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume?
aldosterone
What is largest artery in the body?
aorta
Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm?
aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
What large blood vessels carry blood away from the heart
arteries
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________.
blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary
Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed.
blood pressure; osmotic pressure
Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava?
brachiocephalic vein
Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?
capillaries
Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?
celiac trunk
The brachial vein ________.
drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
What does each femoral vein become as it enters the pelvis?
external iliac vein
Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg.
f
The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) involves blood flow through the liver.
f
The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery.
f
The renal veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys.
false
The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions above the diaphragm.
flase
The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.
foramen ovale
Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium?
foramen ovale
The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________.
hepatic portal vein
Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.
hypertension (high blood pressure)
Which vessel feeds oxygenated blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain?
internal carotid artery
What organs are served by the renal arteries and veins?
kidneys
What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein?
liver
What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?
microcirculation
The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________.
neck
veins
often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood
Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?
osmotic pressure
What does the umbilical vein carry?
oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.
peripheral resistance
Which vein returns blood to the femoral vein?
popliteal vein
Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins.
pulmonary
The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________.
pulse
Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point?
renal artery
Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta?
right and left coronary arteries
Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?
right common carotid artery
The aorta is the largest artery in the body and the different parts are known as the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
tru
The hepatic veins drain the blood from the liver and return it to the inferior vena cava.
tru
The radial and ulnar veins ultimately drain into the superior vena cava.
tru
The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.
tru
From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
true
When precapillary sphincters are contracted and closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells in that region.
true
The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________.
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected?
tunica media
The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.
umbilical vein
Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.
valves
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels?
vasoconstriction
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?
venae cavae
What drains capillary beds?
venules
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg is written with diastolic pressure over systolic pressure.
False
Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.
superior vena cava
Blood cells and proteins typically cannot pass across the walls of capillaries and are thus prevented from leaving or entering the capillaries.
t
Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena cavae.
t
In fetal circulation, blood travels directly from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.
t
The umbilical vein carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
t
Coronary artery disease results from ________.
the accumulation of fatty, calcified deposits within blood vessels
Capillaries are composed only of tunica intima.
tru
Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds.
tru
