anthropology

Australopithecus platyops

existed with afarensis flat face

hunting tool hypothesis

hominins needed to free hands for tool use bipedalism happened before tool use

Ardipithecus kadabba/ ramidus

perihoning --> link between apes and hominids (kadabba)

Bipedal characteristics

used to walk upright on two limbs -foramen magnum at the base of the skull -modified pelvis and knee -weight-bearing foot -elongated lower limbs relative to front limbs

nonhoning chewing

wear on tips of canine grinding instead of slicing more pressure on molars Refers to the way the mouth processes food

Australopithecus garhi

2.5 mya east africa believed to be direct ancestor of homo ratio of arm and leg length is more human like

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Central Africa desert 350 cc earliest preaustralopithcine found with bipedalism

Did bipedal locomotion or larger brain size happen first in evolution?

bipedal

What defines a hominid

bipedal locomotive and nonhonding chewing

"ardi"

Ardipithecus ramidus skull similar to ape mouth similar to hominin wide pelvis primitive hominin

Australopithecus afarensis

3.6-3mys 400-500cc east africa Lucy lived in multiple environments nondiverging big toe

Australopithecus anamensis

400-500cc east africa oldest Australopithecus kenya large canines

Australopithecus africanus

450cc South Africa little foot

Australopithecus sediba

450cc South Africa open land grass habit

Orrorin tugenesis

6mya Kenya

PRE - AUSTRALOPITHECINE

7 - 4 mya Central and East Africa