Anthropology chapter 12
Laura Nader
1960
What is a nation?
A people who share a collective identity based on a common culture, language, territorial base, and history
Sanction
An externalized social control designed to encourage conformity to social norms
Places with elected female head of states
Argentina, Indonesia, Ireland, Sri Lanka, Norway, India, Liberia, Chile, Germany, and the Philippines,
examples of states that are nations
Japan, Iceland, Swaizland
adjudication
Mediation with an unbiased third party making the ultimate decision.
What is a state?
The state is a political institution established to manage and defend a complex, socially stratified society occupying a defined territory
What's the way that most nations have forged their own states?
Violent confrontation
What is a tribe
a range of kin-ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor and whose members share a common ancestry, identity, culture, language, and territory.
What is a chiefdom
a regional polity (a politically organized society) in which two or more local groups are organized under a single ruling individual—the chief—who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people
Band
a relatively small and loosely and organized kin-ordered group that inhabits a common territory and that may split periodically into smaller family groups
4 different kinds of political systems
bands, tribes, chiefdoms and states
Why are chiefdoms highly unstable?
because lesser chiefs trying to take power from higher-ranking chiefs or paramount chiefs vying with one another for supreme power
which 2 political systems are centralized ?
chiefdoms and states
Every state...
claims sovereign power over its subjects, controls social tension, represses or punishes violent protest by angry factions, and protects its territorial borders against hostile forces, including neighboring states.
Cultural control
control through beliefs and values deeply internalized in the minds of individuals
Social control
external control through open coercion
Power
the ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things, even against their wants or wishes.
Political organization
the means through which a society creates and maintains a social order
Which 2 political systems are un-centralized?
tribes and bands