Anthropology Chapter 9

Identify whether or not these groups of people are depicted in the diagram. Kinship diagram showing 2mother, father, brother, and 6sister

~nuclear family ~descent group

Identify whether or not the following represent statements made by the American Anthropological Association in 2004 regarding marriage. American Anthropological Association Statement:

~A vast array of marriage types can contribute to stable societies. ~Anthropological research does not indicate that heterosexual marriage is best or ideal.

Identify whether or not the following are local beliefs held by Malay villagers on the island of Langkawi, as identified by Janet Carsten in the 1990s. Local Belief:

~Bonds of "blood" are formed by eating food cooked at home. ~All those who eat together eventually resemble one another physically. ~Sisters and brothers are especially close because they live and eat together.

In Imagined Communities (1983), Benedict Anderson argued that national identity is a relatively weak identity because it is socially constructed.

~False

Both Family of procreation and orientation

~Family group consisting of mother, father, and children

Family of procreation

~Family group created when one reproduces and within which one rears children

Family of orientation

~Family group in which one is born, grows up, and develops life skills

Anthropologist Janet Carsten studied the island of Langkawi in Malaysia in the 1990s. Identify whether or not Carsten observed these Langkawi kinship practices. Describes Langkawi Kinship Practices:

~Langkawi kinship is acquired through co-residence and co-feeding. ~Langkawi kinship relations do not require connection of biology or marriage.

Drawing on Benedict Anderson's theory, anthropologist Janet Carsten describes how nationalism draws heavily on ideas of kinship and family to create a sense of connection within the nation. Identify whether or not these are ways in which kinship and nationalism are similar. The Similarity Between Kinship and Nationalism are:

~Marriage is one key pathway to membership. ~Members may see themselves as sharing common ancestry and biological connection. ~Belonging often derives from birth and biology.

A man is married to two women, and all three individuals come from different kinship groups. The marriage has been orchestrated by the parents of the groom and brides, in order to create alliances between groups. Identify whether or not these terms describe these marriages. Describes This Marriage Situation:

~arranged ~polygyny ~exogamy

Identify the theory explaining the incest taboo advocated by anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski and psychologist Sigmund Freud.

~incest taboos protect the family from sexual competitiveness and jealousy

Descent groups are kinship groups in which primary relationships are traced through blood relatives. Identify whether or not these factors may cause descent groups to shift and change. The factor that Causes Descent Groups to Change are:

~migration ~Colonization ~Political

Marriage patterns around the world are changing rapidly, with a strong increase in the belief that companionate marriage is the ideal to be achieved. Along with this change, divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Identify whether or not anthropologists have cited the following as reasons for the growing divorce rates. The reason for higher divorce rates are:

~shifting expectations about gender roles ~expanding opportunities for women

Anthropologist _________ observed an African American community including both biological kin and ________ kin within their networks. This kinship system was a productive response to ____________.

Carol Stack, fictive, poverty

While most monogamous marriages take place between a man and a woman, same-sex marriage is gaining legal standing in nations around the world and currently is allowed in twenty-two countries. Place the following countries in order from the country that was first to legalize same-sex marriage on a national level to the country that did so most recently.

The Netherlands -> South Africa ->Argentina -> The united States

Identify what the graph tells us about the change (or lack of change) in the prevalence of the nuclear family in U.S. society.

The nuclear family has decreased