Anthropology- Power and Authority

ethnic cleansing

a deliberate and systematic attempt to eliminate an ethnic group in a region.

polity

a form or process of civil government or constitution. an organized society; a state as a political entity.

art

art is a universal, which is why it is studied in anthropology. it comes in various forms, and can signify individuality as well as being part of a group.

state

A political institution established to manage and defend a complex, socially stratified society occupying a defined territory. It is organized and directed by a government that has the capac- ity to make rules, impose order, tax its subjects, and use military force to defend or expand its territories.

chiefdom

A politically centralized, organized society in which several neighboring communities inhabiting a territory are united under a single ruler, who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people. Authority: goes to chief Stratified Mostly failed since lower chiefs would want to seize authority Had food production and labor specialization

band

A relatively small and loosely organized kin-ordered group that inhabits a specific territory and that may split periodically into smaller extended family groups that are politically independent. Has one language, is mobile, and is egalitarian in political authority. Conflict resolution is informal, and the band is in control of the land.

secular art

As society becomes more secularized, we move further away from art, because art had a very religious significance in the beginning.

authority

Claiming and exercising power as justified by law or custom of tradition.

stratified

Having unequal layers. Society

law

In cultural anthropology, formal rules of conduct that, when violated, lead to negative sanctions. For laws/sanctions to be effective, they must be consistent.

revolution

Involves a high level of discontent, and overthrowing the old government to get a new one, and brings about a radical change. But, many do not live up to the expectations of the people.

tribe

a range of kin-ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor and whose members share a common ancestry, identity, culture, language, and territory. Conflict resolution: informal One ethnicity Control of land: goes to descent group Leadership: egalitarian

sanction

a social directive designed to encourage or coerce conformity to cultural standards of acceptable social behavior. Can be positive or negative, such as awards for conformity, or threats to get people to conform. Can be informal or formal, such as dirty looks, or going to jail.

revitalization movement

efforts for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption and collective feelings of repression, anxiety, and despair. occur where powerful movements of globalization have destabilized.

relocation

move the minority group to an unfamiliar area that makes them dependent upon the majority culture

genocide

physically killing off a people

ethnocide (sociocide)

prevent them from using their language, clothing, traditions, etc. You can force assimilation upon them by getting rid of the group's cultural identity.

influence

the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself:

syncretism

the creative blending of indigenous and foreign beliefs and practices into new cultural forms.