Anthropology Quizzes Exam 1

When did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline?

1800s

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

A way of explaining how the world works

World systems theory helped anthropologists a.) all of these b.) better explain the historical emergence of development patterns throughout the world c.) better explain uneven development through time and space d.) better understand local social relations

All of these

The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice is called

Cultural Anthropology

The symbolic system of inheritance works through the establishment of

Culture and Language

The ability of African cichlids, a popular pet fish, to develop highly similar body shapes despite coming from two different and geographically distant environments is an example of

Developmental Bias

When an anthropologist studying food culture is learning how to cook a local dish with her informants, she is... a.) conducting archival research. b.) using the scientific method c.) doing participant observation. d.) taking field notes

Doing Participant Observation

Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution?

E.B Tylor

The nineteenth-century British anthropologist credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective was

Edward Burnett Tylor

What field of study examines moral questions of right and wrong?

Ethics

Activities that are biologically based, such as eating and sleeping, are universally the same for all humans. A.) True B.) False

False

Anthropologists are generally ignored by "development" experts at institutions like the World Bank. A.) True B.) False

False

Globalization is exciting to anthropologists right now because they have never studied interconnectivity before. A.) False B.) True

False

Non-random mating among the Hutterite sect in Canada is a good example of how genetic drift works. A.) True b.) False

False

People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion. a.) True b.) False

False

The recent upsurge in migration due to refugees seeking safety from war zones provides biological anthropologists an easy opportunity to observe and document

Gene Flow

Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?

History

One of the key popular misunderstandings about the causes of obesity is

Humans have a normal diet

Why is AIDS having a more dramatic effect on populations in sub-Saharan African than in North America and Europe?

In sub-Saharan Africa, people have limited access to medicine that makes AIDS a manageable condition

Termites in the wild construct huge "mounds" as a habitat. From the perspective of biocultural evolutionary concepts, termites and their engineering feats are involved in a type of

Niche Construction

One of the first steps that an anthropologist must take to understand other cultures is to

Overcome Enthrocentrism

In a study where an anthropologist is collecting stories, memories, beliefs, jokes, conversations, interviews, and disagreements, he or she is said to be collecting what kind of data?

Qualitative

Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing

Quantitative Data

The alphabet and numbers are examples of

Symbols

When anthropologists work with armed forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, it is called

The Human Terrain System

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

The Industrial Revolution

The observation of some phenomenon followed by a hypothesis, experimentation, testing of theories, and descriptions of findings is called

The Scientific Method

What are Traditions?

They're the most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture.

An interpretive approach to culture, such as that promoted by Clifford Geertz, Victor Turner, and Mary Douglas, emphasizes that culture is a shared system of meanings. A.) True B.) False

True

Clyde Kluckhohn argued that both biological and cultural aspects of humanity must be seen as a continuum of small changes. A.) True B.) False

True

The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many societies.

True

The core idea of Darwin's and Wallace's ideas-descent with modifications via natural selection-is intimately tied to what larger force?

Variation

The Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that all life was arranged in

a great chain of being

The application of the comparative method in his research in Papua New Guinea led coauthor Robert Welsch to focus on a.) all of these b.) museum collections c.) published and unpublished accounts of mask collectors who visited different villages d.) published and unpublished accounts of mask collectors who visited different villages

a.) all of these

Examples of Social Institutions are a.) Marriage b.) Kinship c.) All of these d.) Farming

all of these

Enculturation starts

as soon as we are born

What is Cultural Determinism?

belief that culture is responsible for all human action.

An anthropologist who analyzes how modern humans walk and what evolutionary mechanisms are at play would most likely be a(n)

biological anthropologist

The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called

biological anthropology

When Kay Warren presented her anthropological research, a group of Maya intellectuals, activists, and political leaders

challenged her right, as a foreign anthropologist, to study the Maya culture

One of the central ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution was the idea that

change in organisms was related to their adaptability to a particular environment

The refinement of Darwin's theory has shown that

evolution can only be measured or seen across generations within a population

One of the main reasons localization interests anthropologists is that

global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves

Which of the following is not true about hybridization theories?

it explains why conflict is growing in the world

The research that anthropologist Richard Rouse has done on the effects of migration on the Mexican village of Aguililla is interesting because

it highlights how Aguilillans are part of a transnational community

How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?

it is important to understand Native American claims from their point of view though it doesn't necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue

An anthropologist doing a project on how the Internet and text message technology have changed how we communicate would most likely be a(n)

linguistic anthropologist

The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called

linguistic anthropology

Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication

mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world

Plasticity can be understood as not being Lamarckian because

modification happens before genetic changes appear that keep the change in place across generations

The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

post-structuralism

Values are

symbolic expressions of intrinsically desirable principles and qualities.

Gregor Mendel's findings about inheritance among pea plants stemmed from what key ability that he possessed?

the ability to observe closely

A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is

the first are analysts of development; the second seek ways to influence it from within

Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following?

the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be

The controversy between Native Americans and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools using mascots illustrates

the power of tradition

An anthropologist studying localization would be most interested in what topic?

the rise of the Zapatista separatist movement in Mexico

In a study on the Olympics a hybridization theorist would likely focus on

the unexpected social patterns that emerge from intermingling between athletes, fans, and officials

One of the important ways that genetic material is moved between different populations, such as through gene flow, is

through the choice of a sexual partner

James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists

to expand state power