ap bio chapter 17 quiz

promoter

dna sequence which signals the point where transcription should begin

template strand

dna strand from which mrna is transcribed

rna polymerase

enzyme that unwinds dna and adds rna bases

either an insertion or a deletion of a base

a frameshift mutation could result from

proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU

a mutant cell has a defective aminoacyl trna synthetase that attaches a lysine to trnas with the anticodon AAA instead of the normal phenylalanine. the consequence of this for the cell will be that

5' UCA 3'

a particular triplet of bases in the template strand of dna is 3' AGT 5'. the corresponding codon for the mrna transcribed is

AAA

a particular triplet of bases in the template strand of dna is AAA. the anticodon on the trna that binds the mrna codon is

e site

a transfer rna (#1) attached to the amino acid lysine enters the ribosome. the lysine binds to the growing polypeptide on the other trna (#2) in the ribosome already. where does trna #2 move to after this binding of lysine to the growing polypeptide chain

point mutation

mutation a single nucleotide base

nonsense mutation

mutation that codes for a stop codon instead of the normal amino acid

silent mutation

mutation that has no effect on the amino acid that is produced

intron

non-coding region of a dna strand

A, P, E

place the three ribosome binding sites in order according to how trna molecules to bind to them during translation

a polypeptide missing an amino acid

the most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. this results in

codon

three base mrna sequence that codes for an amino acid

transcription

transfer of genetic information from dna to rna

translation

transfer of genetic information from rna to protein

dna

which component is not directly involved in translation

it is found in mrna transcripts

which of the following is not true about the nitrogenous base thymine (T)

it never codes for more than one amino acid

which of the following is not true of a codon

bacteria have no nucleus to completely separate the two processes

which of these best explains why bacteria can begin translation before transcription is finished, but eukaryotic cells cannot