AP Bio Chapter 4

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is likely to be defective in this condition? A. Lysosome B. the Golgi Apparatus C. The endoplasmic reticulum D. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A. Lysosome

A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely carrying out which of the following processes? A. producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins B. producing primarily proteins for secretion C. producing primarily cell wall or extracellular matrix components D. producing primarily an abundance of new membranes E. producing primarily vacuole contents

A. Producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A. Proteins B. Nucleic Acids C. Glycogen D. Lipids E. Cellulose

A. Protiens

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively, A. chloroplasts and mitochondria B. chloroplasts and nuclei. C. peroxisomes and chloroplasts. D. mitochondria and chloroplasts. E. mitochondria and peroxisomes.

A. chloroplasts and mitochondria

The chemical reactions involved in respiration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are virtually identical. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where would you expect most ATP synthesis to occur in prokaryotic cells? A. on the plasma membrane B. on the nucleoid membrane C. in the cytoplasm D. on the endoplasmic reticulum

A. on the plasma membrane

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway taken by a protein destined for secretion from an animal cell? A. rough ER →→ transport vesicle →→ Golgi →→ transport vesicle →→ plasma membrane B. rough ER →→ transport vesicle →→ lysosome →→ transport vesicle →→ plasma membrane C. Golgi →→ rough ER →→ transport vesicle →→ plasma membrane D. rough ER →→ transport vesicle →→ Golgi →→ transport vesicle →→ lysosome →→ plasma membrane E. plasma membrane →→ transport vesicle →→ Golgi →→ transport vesicle →→ rough ER

A. rough ER →→ transport vesicle →→ Golgi →→ transport vesicle →→ plasma membrane

Passive movement of fluids and bacteria from the interior of the small intestine through the space between cells of the intestinal wall can cause serious infection and medical complications. Defects in which of the following would be associated with such a condition? A. tight junctions B. cell walls C. middle lamella D. gap junctions E. desmosomes

A. tight junctions

Extracellular matrix proteins are produced by ribosomes in which part of a eukaryotic cell? A. cytoplasm B. lysosomes C. nuclear envelope D. Golgi apparatus E. rough ER

E. rough ER

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities? A. Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular patterns in the evolution of each of these structures. B. Cilia and flagella are derived from the centrioles. C. Centrioles are derived from cilia and/or flagella. D. Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures.

B. Cilia and flagella are derived from the centrioles.

Which of the following molecules or structures may be found in eukaryotic cells but not in bacteria? A. ribosomes B. endoplasmic reticulum C. DNA D. plasma membrane E. flagella

B. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? A. chloroplast B. mitochondrion C. wall made of cellulose D. centriole

B. Mitochondrion

Which organelles or structures are absent in plant cells? A. peroxisomes B. centrosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondria E. microtubules

B. centrosomes

Motor proteins provide for molecular transport of materials in cells by interacting with what type(s) of cellular structures? A. the nuclear envelope B. cytoskeletal structures C. the extracellular matrix D. cellulose fibers in the cell wall E. membrane proteins

B. cytoskeletal structures

Which of the following structures play a key role in maintaining the structural integrity of animal tissues? A. gap junctions and microfilaments B. desmosomes and intermediate filaments C. proteoglycans and microtubules D. tight junctions and microfilaments

B. desmosomes and intermediate filaments

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved A. endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using scavenger bacterium in a larger host cell−−the endosymbiont evolved into lysosomes. B. endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cell−−the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. C. endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using photosynthetic bacterium in a larger host cell−−the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. D. evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.

B. endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cell−−the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? A. extracellular matrix B. gap junctions C. desmosomes D. peroxisomes E. tight junctions

B. gap junctions

If plant cells are grown on media containing radioactively labeled thymine for one generation, where will radioactively labeled macromolecules be detected? A. only in the nucleus and mitochondria B. in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts C. only in the nucleus D. only in the nucleus and chloroplasts

B. in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

The extracellular matrix may influence animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the cytoskeleton of the cell via which of the following molecules or structures? A. gap junctions B. integrins C. proteoglycans D. tight junctions

B. integrins

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to A. form cleavage furrows. B. move vesicles within the cell. C. extend pseudopodia D. perform amoeboid movement. E. contract muscle fibers.

B. move vesicles within the cell.

One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the endomembrane system. Which eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of, or as an elaboration of, the endomembrane system? A. plasma membrane B. nuclear envelope C. mitochondria D. chloroplasts

B. nuclear envelope

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? A. Muscle cell B. phagocytic white blood cell C. Nerve cell D. bacterial cell

B. phagocytic white blood cell

Which of the following molecules is required to build cilia or flagella? A. myosin B. tubulin C. actin D. keratin

B. tubulin

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is correct? A. Transport vesicles move between organelles of the endomembrane system independently from the cytoskeleton B. Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). C. Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. D. Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli.

C. Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures? A. They are composed of complex mixtures of lipids and carbohydrates. B. They have pores that regulate the exchange of water and small molecules between cells and their environment. C. They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly. D. They provide a rigid structure that prevents the uptake of excess water into cells.

C. They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly.

A mutation that inactivates an enzyme involved in the modification of sugars associated with glycoproteins is most likely to affect the function of which of the following cellular structures? A. transport vesicles produced by the trans face of the Golgi apparatus B. transport vesicles produced by the rough ER C. cisternae of the Golgi apparatus D. Smooth ER

C. cisternae of the Golgi apparatus

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures? A. centrioles and motor proteins B. actin filaments and microtubules C. microtubules and motor proteins D. actin filaments and motor proteins

C. microtubules and motor proteins

Which of the following organelles are enclosed by a double membrane? A. only central vacuoles B. only nuclei C. nuclei and chloroplasts D. nuclei and lysosomes

C. nuclei and chloroplasts

When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion? A. secondary cell wall →→ plasma membrane →→ primary cell wall →→ cytoplasm →→ vacuole B. primary cell wall →→ plasma membrane →→ cytoplasm →→ secondary cell wall →→ vacuole C. primary cell wall →→ plasma membrane →→ cytoplasm →→ vacuole D. plasma membrane →→ primary cell wall →→ cytoplasm →→ vacuole E. primary cell wall →→ plasma membrane →→ lysosome →→ cytoplasm →→ vacuole

C. primary cell wall →→ plasma membrane →→ cytoplasm →→ vacuole

Some key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotic cells from a prokaryotic ancestor are membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following organelles or features is a common structure shared by both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors? A. mitochondria B. chloroplasts C. ribosomes D, nuclear envelope

C. ribosomes

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A. Bacteria and Protists B. Bacteria and Eukaryotes C. Bacteria and Fungi D. Bacteria and Archaea

D. Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct? A. Mitochondria are present in some bacteria and all archaea. B. Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. C. Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. D. Chromosomes in both archaea and bacteria contain DNA.

D. Chromosomes in both archaea and bacteria contain DNA.

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add carbohydrate modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its A. microtubules and Golgi apparatus. B. nuclear lamina and extracellular matrix. C. nuclear lamina. D. Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.

D. Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.

Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct? A. Proteins and lipids are common components of extracellular structures. B. Extracellular structures store energy in the form of polysaccharides for subsequent metabolism by the cell. C. All extracellular structures form barriers to separate adjacent cells. D. Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.

D. Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.

Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct? A. The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane. B. Most of the phospholipids of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the mitochondria. C. Mitochondria function in the modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. D. Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system. E. Ribosomes move lipids and proteins among the different organelles of the endomembrane system.

D. Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? A. chloroplast B. nuclear envelope C. mitochondrion D. ribosome

D. Ribosome

If a treatment were available that would disrupt the nuclear lamina in living cells, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence for the cell? A. the loss of chromosome function B. the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division C. closure of nuclear pores disrupting transport of materials into and out of the nucleus D. a change in the shape of the nucleus

D. a change in the shape of the nucleus

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? A. mitochondrion ... photosynthesis B. ribosome ... manufacture of lipids C. lysosome ... movement D. central vacuole ... storage E. nucleus ... cellular respiration

D. central vacuole ... storage

Which of the following is a correct match between a cytoskeletal element and its function? A. microfilaments and intracellular vesicle transport B. microfilaments and flagellar motility intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic streaming C. microtubules and cleavage furrow formation D. microtubules and chromosome movement

D. microtubules and chromosome movement

Which of the following structures plays a major role in making skin tissue water tight? A. integrins B. gap junctions C. desmosomes D. tight junctions E. plasmodesmata

D. tight junctions

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? A. whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism B. the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall C. the presence or absence of ribosomes D. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes E. whether or not the cell contains DNA

D. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells? A. determining the shape of animal cells B. the contraction of muscle cells in animals C. the beating of cilia or flagella D. maintaining the position of the nucleus in the cell E. movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

E. movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell? A. smooth ER B. lysosomes C. free cytoplasmic ribosomes D. Golgi vesicles E. rough ER

E. rough ER

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to carry out which of the following processes? A. form cleavage furrows during cell division B. extend pseudopods C. maintain the shape of the nucleus D. migrate by amoeboid movement E. separate chromosomes during cell division

E. separate chromosomes during cell division